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1、动词时态动词时态初中阶段初中阶段8种时态：种时态：1.一般现在时：主语一般现在时：主语+vt/be+宾语宾语+其他其他2.一般过去时：主语一般过去时：主语+vted/bewas,were+宾语宾语+过去的时间状语过去的时间状语3.一般将来时：主语一般将来时：主语+will+do动词原形动词原形】宾语宾语+将将来的时间状语来的时间状语4.现在进行时：主语现在进行时：主语+be+ving+now5.过去进行时过去进行时:主语主语+was/were+ving6.现在完成时现在完成时:主语主语+has/have+vted+其他其他7.过去完成时过去完成时:主语主语+had+vted+其他其他8.过去将
2、来时过去将来时:主语主语+would+do动词原形动词原形】宾语宾语+将来的时间状语将来的时间状语 (1) 一般现在时一般现在时:1.表示经常反复发生的动作表示经常反复发生的动作. e.g. They often spend their holidays in the south. 常搭配的时间状语常搭配的时间状语: always often usually sometimes seldom never from time to time now and then (偶尔偶尔) every day every . once a week 2.表示状态表示状态: e.g. He is busy
3、at the moment.3. 表示客观真理表示客观真理,谚语谚语,格言格言. e.g. The sun sets in the west. 4. 用与时间或条件状语从句中用与时间或条件状语从句中, 代替一般将来时代替一般将来时: e.g. I will be happy if you all come. We will go when he comes. (2) 现在进行时现在进行时1.表示说话时正在进行的动作表示说话时正在进行的动作. e.g. He is walking towards the plane.2. 表示目前一阶段正在进行表示目前一阶段正在进行(但说话时不一定在进但说话时不
4、一定在进行行)的动作的动作: e.g. We are writing a paper these days. 一般现在时与现在进行时的区别一般现在时与现在进行时的区别1.进行时强调动作正在进行进行时强调动作正在进行,而现在时强调动作的而现在时强调动作的经常和反复经常和反复,或特征或特征,这类动作没有时间性的这类动作没有时间性的.2.某些表示感官知觉的动词如某些表示感官知觉的动词如: see, hear, smell, taste等表示感觉等表示感觉,用一般时用一般时,不用进行时不用进行时.e.g. Do you see a plane in the sky? 注意注意:1) feel 可以用一
5、般时和进行时表示说话时可以用一般时和进行时表示说话时的感觉的感觉: e.g. I am not feeling well today. How are you feeling today? I feel tired. 2) see, hear 有相应表示动作的动词有相应表示动作的动词 look at / listen to , 这些词可以用进行时这些词可以用进行时 比较比较: Do you see a map on the wall? He is looking at a map on the wall. I hear a strange noise from the car engine.
6、He is listening to the music.3. 有些表示有些表示状态或心理感觉状态或心理感觉的动词一般不用现在的动词一般不用现在进行时进行时,而用一般现在时表示而用一般现在时表示状态或感觉状态或感觉,如如 love, like, hate, want, need, wish, know(知道知道), understand(懂得懂得), remember(记得记得), believe, guess(认为认为), mean(意味着意味着), think(认为认为), feel(认为认为), fit(合适合适), find(认为认为), show(表明表明), have(有有)e.g
7、. I hope you will enjoy your meal. I want to visit them tomorrow.4. 当有些感觉动词词义转变当有些感觉动词词义转变,成为表示动作的动词成为表示动作的动词时时,可以用进行时可以用进行时:e.g. Now I see the liquid in the glass has turned red. He is seeing his friend off at the airport. I think they will come. We are all thinking hard. The report shows the probl
8、em is serious. He is showing them around our school.Exercise:1.Water _(freeze) at the temperature 0.2.The air _( keep ) moving all the time.3.The town _( lie) to the west of the hill.4.I _( believe) you _ tell the truth now.5.- _ my son _ (work) hard this term? - Oh, yes, he _(try) his best now.6. _
9、 the hat _ (fit) me well?7. What has happened to the fish, Mary? - Mum, the cat _ (eat) the fish. Just now the cat _(jump) onto the table and _(eat) it up.8. Sam _( live) in the small town for five years during the war.9. It is ages since I last _(see) you. You _(grow) taller.10. He wont tell us whe
10、re he _(get) the book.freezeskeepsliesbelieve are tellingIs working is tryingDoes fit has eatenjumpedate lived saw have growngot (3) 一般过去时一般过去时 1.表示过去某一具体时间发生过的动作表示过去某一具体时间发生过的动作. e.g. I reviewed my lessons last night. 注意注意: 1)有时句中虽然有时句中虽然没有表示确定过去没有表示确定过去时间的状语时间的状语, 但根据上下文情景可以推断出是过但根据上下文情景可以推断出是过去发生
11、过的动作去发生过的动作,此时也应用一般过去时此时也应用一般过去时 e.g. I was sorry to learn of your illness. I didnt know he was your father. 2)描述已故之人的动作或状态用一描述已故之人的动作或状态用一般过去时般过去时. e.g. Edison invented the electric light.2. 表示过去经常反复发生的动作表示过去经常反复发生的动作. e.g. Peter often played basketball when he was in college.3. 表示主语过去的状态或特征表示主语过去的
12、状态或特征. e.g. It was rainy last week. He was a taxi driver years ago.4. 在时间在时间,条件状语从句中代替过去将来时条件状语从句中代替过去将来时. e.g. He would give her the book if he saw her. (4) 过去进行时过去进行时1.表示过去表示过去某一时刻某一时刻正在进行的动作正在进行的动作. e.g. He was doing shopping this time yesterday.We were having a discussion at that time.2. 表示过去表示过
13、去某一阶段某一阶段正在进行的动作正在进行的动作. (4) 过去进行时过去进行时1.表示过去表示过去某一时刻某一时刻正在进行的动作正在进行的动作. e.g. He was doing shopping this time yesterday.We were having a discussion at that time.2. 表示过去表示过去某一阶段某一阶段正在进行的动作正在进行的动作. e.g. Peter was playing chess the whole afternoon yesterday. We were having a meeting from nine to eleven
14、 yesterday.3. 用与用与 when, while, as引导的表示过去的从句引导的表示过去的从句: (注意注意,这样的动词这样的动词必须可以持续必须可以持续) e.g. While I was watching TV, the telephone rang. As we were leaving, some of our friends arrived. When we were playing in the playground , it began to rain. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别过去进行时与一般过去时的区别: 过去进行时强调过去某时刻或阶段动作的进行过去进行时强
15、调过去某时刻或阶段动作的进行, 不表明动作的完成不表明动作的完成, 而一般过去时表示过去某动而一般过去时表示过去某动作已发生作已发生,表明动作已完成表明动作已完成.e.g. He was writing a composition last night.(作文不一定完成作文不一定完成) He wrote a composition last night.(作文肯定作文肯定写完了写完了) (5) 现在完成时现在完成时I. 构成：构成： have / has + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词II. 用法：用法： 1. 表示说话前某一个时刻发生的动作之结果对现表示说话前某一个时刻发生的动作之结果对现
16、在的在的影响影响。e.g. I have already sent him a card. They have bought a new house. 常用的时间状语：常用的时间状语：already, just, yet 2. 表示从过去某一时间持续到说话时为止的动作表示从过去某一时间持续到说话时为止的动作或状态，或状态， 常与常与 “ for+ 时间段时间段 ” 或或 “ since + 时间点时间点 ” 的时间状语连用。的时间状语连用。e.g. We have learned English for about three years. He has been here since las
17、t term. III. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 1) 完成时强调过去发生的动作的结果和影响；而完成时强调过去发生的动作的结果和影响；而一般过去时强调动作发生的一般过去时强调动作发生的时间，地点，方式时间，地点，方式等，等，与现在没有联系。与现在没有联系。e.g. I have just had breakfast. I had breakfast a moment ago. (时间）时间） I have finished my homework. I finished my home at home. （地点）（地点） 2）现在完成时表示的持续状态强调持
18、续到说话）现在完成时表示的持续状态强调持续到说话时为止，时为止， 与现在有联系，与现在有联系， 而一般过去时表示的持而一般过去时表示的持续状态强调过去某段时间的经历，续状态强调过去某段时间的经历， 与现在没有联与现在没有联系。系。 e.g. The Greens have stayed in China for a year. The Greens stayed in China for a year during the war. I have learned computer for some time. I learned computer for some time while in
19、middle school. IV. 不可持续动词与可持续动词不可持续动词与可持续动词1）常见的词：）常见的词： leave die put on fail ill be away be dead wear be ill borrow catch a cold buy join the army keep have a cold have be in the army2) 不可持续动词不能与不可持续动词不能与 “ for +时间段时间段”或或since + 时间点时间点 ” 连用，应改用持续性动词。连用，应改用持续性动词。 I have bought a calculator. I have
20、bought the calculator for a week. I have had the calculator for a week. e.g. He has had the watch for a month. He bought the watch a month ago. My brother has been in the army for a year. My brother joined the army one year ago.但是：但是： 不可持续动词的不可持续动词的可以与可以与” for + 时间段时间段 ” 或或since + 时间点时间点” 连用。连用。e.g.
21、 I havent met my teacher of English for a year. We havent met each other since he left. 3) till / until 用法用法 可持续动词可持续动词 + till / until : “某动作一直持续某动作一直持续到到” not + 不可持续动词不可持续动词+ till / until: “直到直到才才”e.g. I will stay until he comes. I wont leave until he comes. V. 现在完成时特例：现在完成时特例： It is +时间段时间段+ since
22、 e.g. It is two days since he left . It is six weeks since they came here. It is about a year since they joined the army. (6) 过去完成时过去完成时I . 构成：构成： had + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词II. 表示过去的过去表示过去的过去III. 常用与：常用与： 1）搭配时间状语：）搭配时间状语： by / by the end of + 过去的时间点过去的时间点 before + 过去的时间点过去的时间点 e.g. by the end of last term by five o clock (过去过去) before he moved here 2）主句是过去时的从句）主句是过去时的从句 e.g. He said that he had been a worker for five years. 3) 根据上下文情景来体现：根据上下文情景来体现： I met Mary in the street one morning. She had changed greatly. I met Peter yesterday. We hadnt seen each other for five years.