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1、Subject Clause主语从句：主语从句：做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有从属连词又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有从属连词that ，whether， 连接代词连接代词who ，what ，which， 连连接副词接副词when，where， how， why等。等。从属连词从属连词：that， whether 等等that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略不能省略。That he wi
2、ll win is certain.他肯定会赢。他肯定会赢。Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。他是否会来这里还不清楚。 注意注意: 由由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡结构平衡, 避免避免 “头重脚轻头重脚轻”, 常用常用 it 作作形式主形式主语语, 而把从句放在后面。而把从句放在后面。 例如例如: 1). That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible._ _2).That they should like each other
3、 is natural. _*it为形式主语为形式主语It is natural that they should like each other.It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +从句从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实是事实 It is common knowledge t
4、hat 是常识是常识*_(很遗憾很遗憾)we lost the match.*_(这是事实这是事实)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that2) It is + adj. +从句从句 Its certain that 肯定肯定 It is possible that. 很可能很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能不可能 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 It is necessary important natural. that*_(很可能很可能)she will come back
5、 tomorrow.*_(很明显很明显)this measure is effective.+(should) +doIt is possible thatIt is obvious that3) It +不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句 It happened that. 碰巧碰巧,刚好刚好 It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起*_(刚好刚好) I came into the office at that time.*_(我突然想起我突然想起)I forget to send the letter.It happened thatIt occurred to me
6、 that4) It + be +过去分词过去分词+从句从句 It is said that. 据说据说 It is known to all that. 众所周知众所周知 It is reported that. 据报道据报道 It is believed that.据信据信;人们相信人们相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建议建议It must be admitted that必须承认必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是需指出的是 *_(据报道据
7、报道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建议建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.It is reported thatIt is suggested that2.连接代词连接代词who，what，which, whatever, whichever, whoever (who, whom, which, what可以和可以和ever构成合成词构成合成词, 和和what一样引导从句一样引导从句, ever起到强调作用。起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式此类主语从句不能用形式主
8、语主语it引导引导, 它们在句子中担任成分它们在句子中担任成分, 不能省略不能省略, 语序为陈述语序语序为陈述语序)What many scientists believe is that the earth is round. Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Which student will win is uncertain.Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密
9、。这里说的话都应当保密。Whoever makes mistakes must correct them. 凡犯了错误的人都必须改正凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。3 连接副词连接副词when，where， how， why等等Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.When they will leave is not decided.Where she is from is unknown.How we will paint the house has not been decided.注意注意:1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接
10、词引导，）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用但是如果用it做形式主做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。可以省略。误：误：They should like each other is natural.正：正：That they should like each other is natural.正：正：It is natural (that) they should like each other.2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，引导，但是如果用
11、但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用放在句末时，也可以用if引导引导.或把或把if 改为改为whether 误：误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.正正: Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful. Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or t
12、hat._ is needed for success is your hard work. we will go tomorrow hasnt been decided yet. they will arrive has been told to the teacher._ can join in the sport meet is decided by the teacher._ it will rain or not is not clear.WhatWhen/HowWhere/whetherWhoWhether主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单
13、数形式。Conclusion:主语从句的规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结规律例1.When will he come is not known.规律一、规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，主语从句一律用陈述语序， 即主语在前，谓语在后。即主语在前，谓语在后。正：When he will come is not known.主语从句的规律：例2. He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.正：That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.规律二、规律二、连词连词th
14、at 在从句中无实际意义，在从句中无实际意义， 但不能省略。但不能省略。主语从句的规律：例3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.正： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.规律三、规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句，可以引导主语从句， 放在句首，但放在句首，但if不能不能主语从句的规律： 例4. That whether he will help others is a fact.正：That he will help oth
15、ers is a fact.规律四、规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。主语从句的规律：例5. When he will come are a puzzle.正：When he will come is a puzzle.规律五、规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用 单数第三人称形式。单数第三人称形式。主语从句的规律：1. What he needs is that book.2. What he needs are some books.规律六、规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据引导的主语从句，可根据 表语决定主句动词的单复数
16、形式表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。规律七、规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现 象，用象，用 it 做做形式主语，形式主语，而而 把从句放在后面。把从句放在后面。 That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.注意：注意：1. Whether可以引导主语从句，可以引导主语从句，if不可；不可；2. That引导主语从句时不做句子成分，但不能引导主语从句时不做句子成分，但不能省略；省略；3. What 引
17、导主语从句时做从句的主语或宾语；引导主语从句时做从句的主语或宾语；4. 主语从句的语序为陈述句语序；主语从句的语序为陈述句语序；5.主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的形式由主语主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的形式由主语所代表的内容决定。所代表的内容决定。Exercises找出错误，并给出理由：1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided. 2.You have made a mistake is a fact. 3. If the policeman will come is not certain.4. That is certain that we
18、can win. we shallWhetherItThat you have5. Where he comes from are a mystery.6. What whether he likes the job is not clear.7. Who he is and where he is from is important. 8.What he saw is the stars in the sky.isxareare1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D.
19、How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.whether B. that C. what D. when4.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ h
20、e said at the meeting astonished everybody present3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ThatWhatWhetherWhetherWhoever请用恰当的主语从句连词填空请用恰当的主语从句连词填空: What ,it ,that
21、, whether, whoeverCorrect or not?*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet. be held hasnt been known yet.Pay attention:主语从句的谓语用主语从句的谓语用单数单数形式形式1.The question is _ the film is interesting.2._ we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 用用whetherif填空填空whetherWhether* If we will have
22、 a meeting hasnt been decided yet.Correct or not?Whether we will. decided yet.Pay attention: 放在名词性从句句首，表示放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否是否”，只能用，只能用whether, 不能用不能用if Correct or not?Pay attention:此主语从句此主语从句缺少成分缺少成分-宾语，宾语，故用作成分的故用作成分的what来引导，而不用来引导，而不用that。What she wants to know is.*That she wants to know is when the party will be held . Correct or not?Pay attention:由由that引导的主语从句放在句引导的主语从句放在句首，首，that 不能省略不能省略。That he will give up*He will give up his job surprises all of us.Translate the sentence*_（她是否出席会议）（她是否出席会议）is not certain.Whether she will attend the meeting