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1、考点03 代词一、 教材重点回顾：英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。 其中不定代词是中考常考点，也是重点知识。1. 人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表：人称我你 他她它我们你们他们 主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey 宾格me youhimheritusyouthem 2. 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表 人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的 形容词性myyourhisheritsoursyourthey 名词性 mine yours his hers itsoursyours theirs 3. 反身代
2、词可见下表人称我你他她它我们你们他们 反身代词myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselfthemselves 指示代词有：this, that, these, those疑问代词有：who, whom whose, what, which,还有疑问副词：when, how, where, why。不定代词主要有：some, any, many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either4. 物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词：作定语，相当
3、形容词，不能单独使用，后面必须加名词；名词性物主代词：不作定语，相当名词词组，可单独使用，后面不须加名词。如： Here is my sister. Her name is Jenny.（形容词性物主代词） Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)5. 反身代词的用法 teach oneself 自学 speak/say to oneself 自言自语 by oneself独自地 help oneself to 随便吃 enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 请自便6. 指示代词的用法: 主要有四个，即this, t
4、hat, these 和 those1）指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如： 单数 复数限定词：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.代 词：This is Mary. Those are my teachers.1, 为避免重复，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词。如：The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school.(that=the playground)My s
5、eat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市长座位旁边。2. 用来回指上文提到的事情时，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用 this .如：She is a beautiful girl.Who said that?I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 3. 在打电话时，通常用 this 指自己，用that指对方：Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗?7. 疑问代词的用法疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, wha
6、t等用于引出特殊疑问句。注意：1. what与 which的用法区别：当选择的范围较明确时，用 which；当选择的范围不明确时，用 what。如：Which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色，你喜欢哪种？What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的？ 8. 不定代词的用法1）定义：不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。2） 种类英语中不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywh
7、ere）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，(a)little，(a) few，other(s)，another，none，one，either， neither等。1. some和 any的比较 不定代词some，any都是“一些”的意思，都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中；any则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中.注意：在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用any。如：Will yo
8、u lend me some money? 可以借些钱给我吗? 二、中考考点梳理1.指两者和三者的不定代词。2.(a) few 与 (a) little。可数名词不可数名词肯定 (有一些）a fewa little否定（没什么）fewlittle 3.other, the other, another, others的用法。other+名词，复数the other+名词，复数 （特指）固定搭配：one the other others不加名词，复数the others不加名词，复数 （特指）固定搭配：somesomeothersanother加不加名词皆可，泛指另一个，单数4. 含有形容性物主
9、代词的固定搭配all ones life (一生，终生) change ones mind (改变想法、主意) do ones best (尽力) do ones homework (做作业) lose ones life (丧生) make up ones mind (下决心决定) on ones way to (在某人去的路上) take ones time (不急，慢慢干) to ones surprise (使某人惊奇的是) with ones help (在某人的帮助下)to ones relief (使某人放松的是-） ones own +名词My own house = a ho
10、use of my own 5. 反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1) 作宾语: 表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。Would you please express yourself in English?2) 作表语：The girl in the news is myself.3) 作主语或宾语的同位语: 表示亲自或本人。 You should ask the teacher himself（作宾语同位语）6. it 中考考点运用总结 1）.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 例如： It is about 10 kilometer
11、s from here. 2）. it 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语。例如： It is not easy to learn English well. I found it difficult to sleep. 3）. It可用于其他句型：(1) It is time to do sth 是做的时候了 (2) Its sbs turn to do sth 是轮到某人做了 (3) It seems that +句子 看起来(4) It is +adj. that+句子 是怎么样的 (5)主语+consider/ feel/
12、find/ think/ make / it +adj + to do sth. 某人觉得做是的。一、 典例分类1. Your hometown is really nice! The air quality is as good as _ of Sanya.A. it B. one C. that 【答案】C.【解析】本题考查指示代词的用法。C.that 代指前面所提到的air quality，为了避免重复。而A.it它代指的一定是同一个东西。2. Im sure that our football players will do _ best.A. yourselves B. him C.
13、 their【答案】C.【解析】本题考查物主代词的用法。此题意为“我相信我们的足球运动员会尽他们最大的努力的”。这里有个固定搭配用法 do ones best “尽某人最大的努力” 。这里的ones 明显是要换成their的。3. You can take _ of the two toy cards and leave the other for your brother.A. both B. neither C. either【答案】C.【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。A. both 二者都；B. neither二者都不；C. either二者其一。根据题意来理解“你可以拿走这二张玩具卡片
14、的任何一张，留下一张给你的兄弟”，可以知道是拿走二者其一，故只能选C.either. 4. Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and _ is noisy.A. anotherB. the otherC. other 【答案】B.【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。根据题意“Catherine有二个表哥，一个很沉默，另一个很吵闹。”前面界定了范围只有二个，说明其中一个人的情况了，另一个就是特指了。所以要用the other。 这里我们可以把它记住一个固定搭配用法 one the other 一个另一个5. My brother and I like
15、football. _ play it together once a week.A. I B. They C. We 【答案】C.【解析】本题考查人称代词的用法。题意是我和我兄弟都喜欢足球，我们一周踢一次球。很明显地，此处应该是填写We我们。6. A robot show will be held in July, but _ knows the date for sure.A. nobody B. everybody C. anybody 【答案】A.【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。A. nobody 没人； B. everybody 大家；C. anybody任何人；根据题意：一次机器人
16、展示将会在七月举行，但是没有人知道具体日期。所以答案是A。7. He was so angry that he could say _A. anything B. nothing C. something【答案】B.【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。A. anything任何事；B. nothing没什么东西；C. something一些事情；根据题意：他如此气愤以致于他说不出什么东西。所以答案选 B. nothing。8. _ is quite easy for people to find any place in the world with the help of online maps
17、.A. That B. It C. One【答案】B.【解析】本题考查人称代词It的用法。这里It是作为形式主语的，而真正的主语是后面的to find any place in the world with the help of online maps. 而三个选项中只有It 才有此功能用法。9. There are many good teachers in_ school. A. we B. him C. our D. themselves【答案】C.【解析】本题考查物主代词的用法。题意为在我们的学校有很多优秀的老师。10. -Annie, _ books are all over th
18、e place. -Sorry, mum. Ill put them away. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself【答案】B.【解析】本题考查物主代词It的用法。题意为“安妮，你的书到处都是。”。二、 易混易错点拨1. There are ten students here. Where are _ ?A. othersB. the otherC. the othersD. other【答案】C.【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。此题很多同学容易选B. the other. 但此题原意是“这里有10个学生，其他的学生在哪里？”这里“其他的学生”是属于特指的，
19、又因为句末没有名词了，所以得用the others。因为the others=the other students.2. The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, _ is a doctor.A. othersB. the otherC. the othersD. another【答案】B.【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。another用于泛指，如：Is it far from here to the station?Im sorry. I have no idea. One may say it is quite near; another ma
20、y say it is far from here。但在特指时则要用the other。它可以用作定语，the other one，也可以用作代词the other, 但the other用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。这里我们可以把它记住一个固定搭配用法 one the other 一个另一个3. Some people like sports. _ like reading.A. othersB. the otherC. the othersD. another【答案】A .【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。在泛指的复数名词前用somesomeothers来表示某些人某些人还有些人。4. Pl
21、ease remember to water the flowers every_ day.A. othersB. otherC. the otherD. another【答案】B .【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。every other day为固定用法，意思是“每隔一天”是习惯用法，不要随意改动。又如：on the other hand另一方面。5. Many know him, but_like him.A. a fewB. fewC. someD. little【答案】B .【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。few用于可数名词，表否定意义，意为“几乎没有”，但few作主语时谓语动词则要用
22、复数形式，而a few为有一些。本题题意为“很多人认识他，但没有人喜欢他”。6. _ of what you said is true.A. ManyB. MuchC. FewD. Any【答案】B .【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。much用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。7. Would you like _ to drink?A. nothingB. everythingC. anythingD. something【答案】D .【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。在由would you like发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意
23、要为对方提供些饮料，或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时，在疑问句中要用some而不用any。8. Someone_to meet you.A. wantB. are wantingC. wants 【答案】C .【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。不定代词做主语时应被看作单数，即使用and连接两个不定代词，也要看作单数，如： Anyone and everyone has the right. 任何人，每一个人都有这样的权力。9. _ is much colder in New York in winter than before.A. ItB. The weatherC. They 【答案】A .
24、【解析】本题考查代词It的用法。it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象，或用在句中作形式主语或宾语，如：It is ten oclock now. (代时间)It is far from here to the airport. (代距离)It is very hot.(代天气)It is very difficult to learn English well. (作形式主语)We found it very difficult to answer the question. (作形式宾语)10. Be careful. Dont drink too _.A. muchB.
25、 manyC. few【答案】A .【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。这里much所代的应是饮料或水，所以应为不可数名词。 1 These are books. Yours are over there.A I B my C me D mine 【答案】B.【解析】这里应用形容词性物主代词。 2 is she? She is a teacher.A What B How C Who D Where 【答案】A.【解析】这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。What is she?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而How is she?应译为“她身体如何?”而Who is
26、 she?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而Where is she?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped.A Something, working B Something, to workC Any thing, working D Anything, to work 【答案】A.【解析】因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了，则stop后要用动名词。4 Mary, help to the bananas, please.A you B your C yoursel
27、f D yourselves 【答案】C.【解析】help oneself to something为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”，而yourselves为“你们”。5 do you go to school every day? By bus.A How B Why C When D Where 【答案】A.【解析】这题的答案是由问句决定的。 6 My skirt is popular than.A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers 【答案】D.【解析】因句中有than,所以应选用比较级，而than后要选用名词性
28、物主代词。7 Can you speak English? Yes, but only.A few B a few C little D a little【答案】D.【解析】因会讲某种语言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，但仅仅会讲一点。8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of.A I B me C my D mine 【答案】D.【解析】这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择my。9 -“ do you hear from your parents?” -“About once a month.”A How long
29、 B How many C How often D How much 【答案】C.【解析】How often问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。10 Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting.A everything B nothing C anything D something 【答案】C.【解析】在否定句中应用anything11 -“Mum, Anns coming tonight. Lets give her to eat.” -“Good idea!”A anything nice B nice anything C something
30、 nice D nice something 【答案】C.【解析】肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? I dont mind. time is OK.A Some B Neither C Either D Both 【答案】C.【解析】因如选用both则名词要用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答语前有I dont mind 则决定不能选择neither.13 This is not her kite,but.A hes B
31、 him C he D his 【答案】D.【解析】要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。 14 Dont worry, Mum! news is good news. Im sure daddy will come back soon.A No B Many C Those D Two 【答案】A.【解析】这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息。 15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has apples than he.A few B many C more D fewer 【答案】C.【解析】由于是比较级，根据
32、题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。 16 There isnt in todays newspaper.A anything interestingB something interestingC nothing interestingD interesting anything【答案】A.【解析】由于句子是否定句，应选择anything，而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。17 September 10th is Day?A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers【答案】D.【解析】教师节Teachers Day,儿童节 Childrens Day, 妇
33、女节 Womens Day18 In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country? A So we do. B We do so. C So do we. D We so do. 【答案】C.【解析】在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，则要采用倒装句，但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。 19 Shall we go into that shop and have a look? Sorry. I wont. I have to do there.A ev
34、erything B anything C something D nothing 【答案】D.【解析】这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。 20 Oh, dear! Who broke the glass? Sam Bruce. It was the cat.A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, or 【答案】C.【解析】neithernor意为既不也不21 The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake.are cli
35、mbing the hill.A Others B Other C Another D The other【答案】A.【解析】这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词。 22 She is not a nurse. Im not.A also B either C neither D too 【答案】B.【解析】在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.23 I have two pencils. One is red, is blue.A the other B another C others D the others 【答案】A.【解析】两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应
36、为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词，而the others是特指复数代名词。24 -Sorry, I cant answer your question. -I know about the subject.A little B a little C few D a few 【答案】A.【解析】中文讲我对此知道的不多，而英文中要用little。其含意为否定句。25 My sister doesnt like skating. A So do I B So I dontC Neither I dont D Neither do I 【答案】D.【解
37、析】这是表达上面否定句中的动作，也同样不适合于第二个人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒装句。26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,.A you, he and I B I, you and heC he, I and you D you, I and he 【答案】A.【解析】这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨解析中的例子。 27 All the students are busy, soof them will go to the concert.A many B little C a few D
38、few 【答案】D.【解析】student为可数名词。28 The teacher gave student a new book.A nobody B both C each D any 【答案】C.【解析】both其后的名词应为复数，而any用于疑问句和否定句中只有each可以修饰单数可数名词。29 Black is neither a teacher a worker.A or B either C nor D and 【答案】C.【解析】neithernor为“既不也不”的固定搭配。30 Our teacher gave uson studying.A many advices B s
39、ome advicesC an advice D some advice 【答案】D.【解析】advice为不可数名词。some可用于可数或不可数名词之前。31 There are two foreign friends in the park. One is from Japan, is from America.A other B others C the other D the others 【答案】C.【解析】因为是两者中的一个，所以另一个应用单数特指代词。 32 Are there on the table?A some cups B any cup C some cup D any
40、 cups 【答案】D.【解析】此句是疑问句，应用any cups, 因提问时的be动词用的是are。33 Ive just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, are American stamps.A the other B the others C other D others 【答案】B.【解析】此空应填入主语。又因其范围已定，所以应选特指的代名词。the other只能用作单数，而others是泛指复数代名词，故只能选B。34 It was fine day that they went to the park.A a so B so
41、 a C such a D a such 【答案】C.【解析】在单数可数名词前可以有两种表达法，即such+不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单数形式，如：such a good day，或者用so加形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数，如：so good a day.35 At that time the train was slow and noisy. Sopeople liked taking trains.A little B a little C few D a few 【答案】C.【解析】这是英文的表达法与中文不同之处。中文讲只有少数人喜欢坐火车，英文要选用“few”。36 We must h
42、elp and understand each.A other B another C others D the other 【答案】A.【解析】each other意为“互相”，是习惯用语。37 is difficult to walk on the moon.A Man B One C That D It 【答案】D.【解析】这里的真正主语应为不定式to walk on the moon.而形式主语只能用it.38 Jane has sent several letters, but of them have been answered.A all B both C either D none 【答案】D.【解析】several letters意为“若干信件”，应看作