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1、十Unit 4Reading and Thinking . 单词拼写1. Once upon a time they were driven to the northern frontier(边境). 2. The driver managed to escape from the vehicle(车辆)and shouted for help. 3. There was nothing yet for the satellite(卫星)cameras to pick up. 4. As we all know, the earth is in orbit(轨道)around the sun.
2、 5. The young people should make a greater contribution to mankind(人类). 6. If you lose these data(资料), Ill never forgive you. 7. Soviet rockets have launched (发射)more satellites into orbit in the past few years. 8. He was without question one of the giants(伟人) of Japanese literature. 9. There is an
3、ongoing (进行中的)discussion within the party about this. 10. The United States may soon have a manned spacecraft (航天器)on Mars. . 选词填空succeed in, on board, find out, look up at, believe in, in the hope of, go wrong, carry on1. There can be no doubt that you will succeed in your scientific research. 2. T
4、hey need to interview some people and find out if they like their jobs. 3. A ship was leaving the harbor and we saw the people on board waving. 4. You look up at the sky and if its clear, it is a good day and youre happy. 5. Some of his supporters have stopped believing in him. 6. When things go wro
5、ng at work, our health can suffer. 7. Please carry on what you were saying. 8. They moved to Liege in the hope of getting better treatment. . 完成句子1. The second thing to do is that we should get along well with others and learn to respect each other. 要做的第二件事是我们应该与其他人和睦地相处并学会互相尊敬。2. We arrived early a
6、t the theatre so as to sit in the front seats. 我们早早来到剧院, 以便占到前排座位。3. This is because it requires each member of the team to think differently. 这是因为它要求小组内的每个成员的想法都不同。4. Next month, when you will spend your holidays in your town, is coming. 下个月即将来临, 届时你们将在家乡度暑假。5. The teacher was telling a story, surr
7、ounded by several lovely kids. 那位老师在讲故事, 几个可爱的孩子围在身边。 . 阅读理解A(2020绍兴高一检测)An international team of scientists has discovered a stellar black hole in Earths “cosmic backyard” containing the mass of 70 suns. Its a black hole that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode. Researchers had long believ
8、ed that the size limit was only 20 times the mass of our sun because as these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that force matter and gas swept away by stellar winds. This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15, 000 light years
9、 away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. “Black holes of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy (星系), according to most of the present models of stellar evolution, ” said Liu Jifeng, head of the team that made the d
10、iscovery. “LB-1 is twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation. ”Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge. The team has proposed some theories. LB-1s sheer size suggests that it “was not formed fr
11、om the collapse of only one star, ” the study said instead, it could potentially be two smaller black holes orbiting each other. Another possibility is that it formed from“fallback supernova (超新星)”. This is when a supernova the last stage of an exploding star ejects (喷射) material during the explosio
12、n, which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole. This fallback formation is theoretically possible, but scientists have never been able to prove or observe it. There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the smaller side, according to NASA. Supe
13、rmassive black holes are much bigger they can be billions of times the mass of our sun. Scientists believe supermassive black holes may have connection with the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which form first.
14、 【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文, 主要是与读者分享黑洞发现的新进展。1. According to scientists, what might account for the formation of LB-1? A. The material ejected in the explosion of a supernova. B. The smaller black holes moving around each other. C. The evolution of the solar system. D. The collapse of a certain star. 【解析】选B。
15、细节理解题。根据文章的六、七段可知, LB-1不是由一颗行星的爆炸解体形成的, 而是两个小的黑洞相互环绕形成的, 故选B。2. What does the word “toppled” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Confirmed. B. Strengthened. C. Overturned. D. Refused. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据前文可知, 这是原先有关黑洞的理论, 根据上下文可知, LB-1是一个新的黑洞, 与原先研究人员认为的不同, 故前文所讲述的黑洞理论将会被推翻、否认, 从而可以猜测toppled为“推翻”之意。故选C。3.
16、What is the purpose of writing this article? A. To inform readers of the basic knowledge about black holes. B. To share the recent development of the black hole discovery. C. To show the importance of discovering black holes for science. D. To report achievements scientists have made in black hole t
17、heory. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。阅读全文可知, 文章主要围绕黑洞新发现展开, 根据内容(包括黑洞如何形成、黑洞的大小等)可知, 作者写这篇文章是为了与读者分享黑洞发现的新进展, 故B选项为正确答案。4. What might be the best title for the passage? A. The Latest Discovery of GalaxiesB. Proposed Theories of Black HolesC. The Possible Formation of the Black HolesD. Biggest Stellar-mass Black Hole
18、 Discovered【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据文章围绕的“黑洞新发现”以及下文可知新发现的黑洞的质量是超级大的, 原先理论认为黑洞的质量大约只有太阳的20倍, 可知最新发现的黑洞的质量是最大的, 故选D。B Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth
19、 to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls. Computer connections of the World Wide Web and the Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programmes come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them fin
20、d their exact location. We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35, 880 kilometres above the equator (赤道). Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world a
21、t 11, 000 kilometres an hour exactly the same speed that the earth rotates (转动). A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This u
22、sually happens about every five or six days. Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 1012 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to the Earth to be
23、repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章对各种卫星的用途、卫星工作的状态以及人们对已损坏卫星的处理办法进行了解释说明。5. Which of the following is NOT done
24、 by satellites according to the passage? A. Sending information for weather forecasts. B. Taking photographs of the Earth. C. Sending TV pictures. D. Providing food for airplane pilots. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段可以看出, 卫星可以传递天气预报信息、拍摄地球照片、传递电视图片等, 但是没说为飞行员提供食物。6. Why does the satellite move around the wo
25、rld at the same speed as the Earth rotates? A. In order to take photographs. B. In order to stay in a certain position in the orbit. C. In order to move away from its orbit. D. In order to send television pictures. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段内容可以看出, 卫星之所以用和地球自转相同的速度绕地球旋转, 是为了保持在一定位置上。7. What does the underli
26、ned word “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to? A. A satellite. B. A little rocket. C. A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky. D. The satellite puts the rockets in the right position. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。This在此替代前文的“Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same
27、 place. ”。8. Which is true of satellites? A. The mission(飞行任务) lifetime of a satellite is usually about 1012 years. B. Every time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired. C. A broken satellite is never left in space. D. Broken satellites often crash into each other. 【
28、解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知, 卫星工作的寿命通常为1012年。A项正确。. 阅读填句Little Etiquette(礼仪) Rules for Flying on an AirplaneBeing a polite passenger starts with just a few easy steps. Help your fellow traveler1, offer to lift a fellow passengers up there, too. Not only is it kind, but it could make the boarding process
29、 more efficient for everyone else. Keep your personal things, well, personalIts important to be mindful of your personal belongings. 2, as you walk down the aisles (过道), by keeping it in front of you and close to your body. And once you sit down, you should stay there, and make sure you have everyth
30、ing you will need for the flight once you settle in your seat. Reaching over other passengers to access the overhead storage during the flight is uncomfortable for everyone. 3In the narrow space of an airplane, maintaining your personal space will go a long way towards making a smoother ride for eve
31、ryone. Let the middle-seat passenger use the armrests (its the least you can do), and keep your legs within the width of the chair frame. Be willing to swap seats with a familyAirlines sometimes reserve certain seats for special passengers or charge extra fees for adjacent (毗连的) ones, making it toug
32、h for family members to buy seats together. 4, offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other; its a kind gesture that they wont forget. 5, as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways. A. If youre traveling aloneB. If the
33、y avoid eye contactC. Avoid bringing smelly foodD. Respect your (limited) spaceE. Avoid hitting other passengers with your bagF. While youre loading your carry-on bag into the overhead spaceG. But be sure to delay swapping until the plane has reached the safe altitude【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文, 主要介绍了在飞机上做一个有礼貌的
34、乘客的几个简单的方法。1. 【解析】选F。根据后面的“offer to lift a fellow passengers up there, too”中的there, too可知, 当你把随身行李放进头顶上方的行李架时, 你也可以主动提出帮同行的乘客把行李放上去。2. 【解析】选E。根据小标题Keep your personal things, well, personal和空后的“as you walk down the aisles, by keeping it in front of you and close to your body”可知, 当你在过道上走的时候, 把它放在你前面,
35、靠近你的身体。此处it指的是E项中的“your bag”, E项“避免你的包撞到其他乘客”符合语境。3. 【解析】选D。根据下文提到的“在狭小的机舱里, 保持你的个人空间十分有助于每个人有一个更顺利的旅行。让中间座位的乘客使用扶手(这是你最起码能做的), 并保持你的腿放在椅子框架的宽度之内”可知, 本段主要讲尊重你有限的空间。故D项适合作此处的小标题。4. 【解析】选A。根据前句“Airlines sometimes reserve certain seats for special passengers or charge extra fees for adjacent ones, maki
36、ng it tough for family members to buy seats together”(航空公司有时会为特殊乘客预留某些座位, 或者对相邻的座位收取额外费用, 这使得家庭成员很难购买在一起的座位), 再结合空后的“offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other”(主动提出调换座位, 让一家人坐在一起)可知, 空处应是描述你能够跟别人调换座位的前提, 故A项“如果你是独自一人旅行”符合语境。5. 【解析】选G。根据小标题Be willing to swap seats with a family
37、中的swap和下文解释的原因“as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways”可知, 此处指的是“但请务必直到飞机到达安全高度之后再交换座位”。. 完形填空“Its too late for me, Susan. Im too 1 for school, ” said Sharron. “How old are you? ” Susan asked. “Im thirty. ” Susan pointed at the bruises
38、 on Sharrons wrists, “Im familiar with 2 like these. Honey, its never too late to 3 your dream. Let me tell you how I know. ”Susan began 4 a part of her life few knew about. “At my 5 settlement, the judge gave our sons to my husband 6 I was only nineteen and he felt I couldnt provide for them. The 7
39、 of him taking my babies left me weeping. To make things 8, my husband took the boys and moved, cutting all contact I had with them. Just like the judge predicted, I 9 to make ends meet. I found work as a waitress, working for 10 only. Many days my meals 11 milk and biscuits. The most difficult thin
40、g was the 12 in my soul. I lived in a tiny one-room apartment and the loneliness would defeat me. I wished I could play with my babies and hear them laugh. ”Even 13 four decades, the memory was still painful. Sharrons eyes were filled with tears as she reached out to 14 Susan. Susan continued, “I re
41、married and had a daughter. She became my reason for living until she went to college. Then I was 15 where I started, not knowing what to do with 16 until the day my mother had an operation. I watched the nurses care for her and thought: I can do that. I 17 to take steps toward my goal. I began 18 u
42、ntil late at night. ” Susan paused and looked 19 in Sharrons eyes, “I received my diploma when I was forty-six years old. ”Tears rolled down Sharrons cheeks. Here was someone offering the key that might unlock the door of her 20 life. 【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。Sharron意志消沉, 不能自拔, Susan用自己的亲身经历告诉她: 追逐自己的梦想永远都不晚。
43、1. A. oldB. youngC. fairD. poor【解析】选A。由上文“Its too late for me”及下文“How old are you”可知, Sharron觉得自己年龄太大了, 不适合上学了。2. A. limitsB. dreamsC. problemsD. efforts【解析】选C。Susan此处意指对方年龄大和手腕上的伤痕两个问题。3. A. becomeB. followC. acceptD. admit【解析】选B。追逐自己的梦想永远不晚。4. A. sufferingB. preferringC. enjoyingD. sharing【解析】选D。由
44、上文“Let me tell you how I know. ”及下文Susan讲的内容可知, 她与对方分享自己的经历。5. A. familyB. wealthC. serviceD. divorce【解析】选D。由下文失去儿子的监护权和丈夫搬家可知, Susan提及自己的离婚协议。6. A. ifB. thoughC. becauseD. until【解析】选C。“I was only nineteen and he felt I couldnt provide for them”是Susan失去孩子的监护权的原因。7. A. blowB. chanceC. beliefD. loss【解
45、析】选A。由weeping可知, 丈夫带走孩子对Susan而言是沉重的打击。8. A. betterB. worseC. easierD. clearer【解析】选B。由下文前夫带孩子搬家, 切断所有的联系方式可知, 情况对于Susan而言更糟了。9. A. savedB. expectedC. promisedD. struggled【解析】选D。由上文“he felt I couldnt provide for them”可知, 正如法官所预料的, Susan勉强度日。10. A. tipsB. funC. honorD. experiences【解析】选A。服务员的工资仅靠小费。11.
46、A. led toB. consisted ofC. turned toD. brought in【解析】选B。有一段时间, Susan的三餐都是牛奶和饼干。12. A. arrivalB. recoveryC. emptinessD. pleasure【解析】选C。由下句中的loneliness可知, 让Susan最难以忍受的是内心的空虚。13. A. forB. inC. afterD. under【解析】选C。由the memory可知, Susan是在离婚40年后回忆往事。14. A. comfortB. questionC. welcomeD. push【解析】选A。由“Sharro
47、ns eyes were filled with tears”可知, Sharron伸手安慰仍在痛苦中的Susan。15. A. overB. aheadC. backD. down【解析】选C。女儿离家上大学, Susan觉得自己的生活又回到了原点。16. A. myselfB. herC. itD. that【解析】选A。由上文“She became my reason for living”可知, 生活中Susan一直找不到自我。17. A. askedB. decidedC. managedD. failed【解析】选B。由“I can do that. ”可知, Susan决定为实现梦想采取实际行动。18. A. sleepingB. studyingC. wakingD. working【解析】选B。Susan的具体行动就是熬夜学习。19. A. immediatelyB. sadlyC. slightlyD. directly【解析】选D。Susan直视Sharron, 想用自己的努力成果来鼓励她。20. A. peacefulB. normalC. busyD. dark【解析】选D。由文章开始对Sharron自我迷茫