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1、非谓语动词20112013课标区高考考点统计考情解读年份数量考点201320122011合计从近三年高考来看,在对非谓语动词的考查中非谓语动词作状语依然为考查的重点,并已从作状语的一枝独秀向作定语或其他成分发展。测试点呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度多样化”的趋势。作状语11161441作定语88925作补足语2349作宾语1618作主语2125作表语1012原则一:作目的状语只能用不定式的一般式,一般位于句首,有时也可位于句中或句末1(2013湖南高考)_ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for
2、 midnight so I could refill it.AStaying BStayedCTo stay DStay解析:选C考查非谓语动词。句意:为了晚上保暖,我往火炉中添了木柴,又设置了午夜的闹钟以便再次添加。此处“保暖”是“添加木柴”的目的,所以用动词不定式作目的状语。2(2013山东高考)I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired.Atake BtakingCto take Dtaken解析:选C考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,停下车是为了休息,所以应用不定式作目的状语。原则二:作伴随状语一般用v.ing形式
3、的一般式1(2013重庆高考)When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _ me stories till I fell asleep.Ahaving told BtellingCtold Dto tell解析:选B考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,my mother与tell之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故用动词ing形式。having done表示这个动作先于主句动作发生,与句意不符,可排除,故选B。2(2013湖南高考)The sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golde
4、n light.Abathed BbathingCto have bathed Dhaving bathed解析:选B考查非谓语动词。句意:太阳在天空中升起,这座山沐浴在金色的阳光之中。bathe是及物动词,意为“使沐浴(在光线里)”,与the sun构成逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。原则三:作原因状语一般用现在分词或过去分词(二者的选择取决于其与逻辑主语的关系),而在某些表示情感的形容词后作原因状语常用不定式1(2013北京高考)_ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.AFind BFindi
5、ngCTo find DFound解析:选B考查非谓语动词。句意:她发现这门课程非常难,决定转学一门较低水平的(课程)。she与find之间是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词短语作状语。2(2012全国卷)The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.Ato watch BwatchingCwatched Dto have watched解析:选A考查非谓语动词。句意:老人每天晚上坐在电视机前,看电视上播放的任何电视节目都很高兴。后半句是形容词短语
6、作伴随状语。 3(2011四川高考)_an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.AOffer BOfferingCOffered DTo offer解析:选C考查非谓语动词作状语。句子主语Andy与offer之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词作状语。故选C。原则四:在“be性质形容词不定式”结构中,形容词修饰说明不定式时,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义1(2012辽宁高考)This machine is very easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a
7、 few minutes. Aoperating Bto be operatingCoperated Dto operate解析:选D考查非谓语动词。在句型“主语beadj.to do”中,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义,故选D。2(2011安徽高考)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.Abreak Bbreaking Cbroken Dto break解析:选D考查非谓语动词。句意:汤姆问糖果制造商是否可以把巧克力制作得更容易弄碎些。“beeasy/di
8、fficult .”后常跟不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,故答案为D项。原则五:一些抽象名词如chance, warning, ability, ambition, attempt, offer, decision, anxiety, way等词后常用不定式的一般式作定语1(2013北京高考)Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own.Achange BchangingCchanged Dto change解析:选D考查非谓语动词。句意:志愿者活动给了你一个改变人生的机会,包括你自己的。a chance to do st
9、h.“做某事的机会”。英语中有些抽象名词,如chance, ability, way等,常用不定式作定语。2(2011湖南高考)The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself.Aexpressing Bexpressed Cto express Dto be expressed 解析:选C考查非谓语动词。ability 后常接不定式的一般式的主动形式作定语,意为“做的能力”。句意: 表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。原则六:作介词的宾语一般用v.ing形式的一般式,但在介词but, except后需跟不定式作宾语(是否带to可参
10、照“前do后不to”的原则)1(2013江苏高考)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look.Areducing BreducedCbeing reduced Dhaving reduced解析:选C考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空格处与suffering from是and连接的两个并列成分,在形式上应保持一致,又因reduce与the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此选being reduced。2(2012陕西高考)If he takes
11、on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.Ameets BmeetingCmeet Dto meet解析:选D考查不定式固定搭配。句意:如果他承担这项工作,他将别无选择,只有面对更大的挑战。have no choice but to do sth.“别无选择,只有做某事”。原则七:作主语表示一般行为常用v.ing形式的一般式。用it作形式主语时,常用不定式作真正主语,its no use/no good/useless doing结构除外1(2013福建高考)_basic firstaid tech
12、niques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.AKnown BHaving knownCKnowing DBeing known解析:选C考查非谓语动词。句意:了解基本的急救技巧能够帮助你快速应对紧急情况。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中充当主语,应用动词ing形式。having known强调“完成”,不符合句意,可排除。故选C。2(2012浙江高考)No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _ silent.Aremain Bbe rem
13、ainingChaving remained Dto remain解析:选D考查非谓语动词。句意:不管你多么能言善辩,但有时候还是保持沉默更好。该题考查“it is形容词to do sth.”这一句型,句中to remain silent“保持沉默”是真正的主语,it是形式主语。3(2011上海高考)Its no use _ without taking any action.Acomplain BcomplainingCbeing complained Dto be complained解析:选B句意:只抱怨而不采取行动是没用的。在“its no use doing”结构中,v.ing形式作
14、真正主语。原则八:在seem后作表语一般用不定式。remain作“尚待”讲,后常加to be done作表语,作“仍然”讲,后可加现在分词或过去分词1(2013重庆高考)The engine just wont start.Something seems _ wrong with it.Ato go Bto have goneCgoing Dhaving gone解析:选B考查非谓语动词。句意:发动机启动不了了,它好像出问题了。动词seem后常接动词不定式,因此C、D两项不正确。由句意可知,go这一动作在start之前发生,故选B。2(2011上海高考)Today we have chat r
15、ooms, text messaging, emailing . but we seem _ the art of communicating facetoface.Alosing Bto be losingCto be lost Dhaving lost解析:选B考查非谓语动词作表语。句意:现在我们有聊天室,能传递文本信息,还可以发电子邮件但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技能。seem后通常用动词不定式,排除A和D两项;此处非谓语动词后有名词短语the art of communicating facetoface作其宾语,所以排除C项(被动形式),故选B。3(2010福建高考)In Apr
16、il, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.Asticking BstuckCto be stuck Dto have stuck解析:选B考查非谓语动词。句意:四月份,成千上万的度假者由于火山灰的影响而被滞留在国外。此处remain为系动词,后接过去分词作表语,表示被动。1(2013河南省普通高中适应性检测卷一)People spend many years learning about favorite sports and _ how to do them well.Apra
17、ctice B practicedCpracticing Dto practice解析:选C考查非谓语动词。spend . (in) doing sth.表示“花费做某事”,根据and可知,空处应与learning并列,作省略了的介词in的宾语,故选C。2(2013威海两校模拟)_ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.AHaving believed BBelievingCBelieved DTo believe解析:选B考查非谓语动词。句意:许多人认为地球是平
18、的,担心哥伦布会从地球的边缘掉下去。believe与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系,且feared与believe无时间上的前后之分,故选B项。3(2013四川省泸州市4月模拟)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts _ you failed.Ato contact BcontactingCcontacted Dhaving contacted解析:选A考查非谓语动词。句意:在那个遥远的村庄没有信号,因此我怎么也联系不上你。attempt后面应用不定式作定语。4(2013河南豫西五校质量检测)The text
19、is too difficult. The explanation of our teacher will help make it easy _.Ato understand Bto be understoodCunderstood Dunderstanding解析:选A考查非谓语动词。句意:这篇文章太难了,我们老师的解释会使它易于理解。此处用动词不定式的主动表示被动。此种用法常用于“be性质形容词不定式”结构中,此类形容词有easy, hard, interesting等。5(2011湖南高考)Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and rea
20、dy to start a new day?Afeel Bto feelCfeeling Dfelt解析:选C考查非谓语动词。句意:你每天早晨起来感到精力充沛并准备开始新的一天吗?现在分词feeling energetic作伴随状语。6(2013济南市三模)The fresh air in the morning is pleasant _. Youd better get up early to do some exercise.Ato be breathed Bto breatheCbreathing Dbeing breathed解析:选B考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:早上的新鲜空气呼吸起
21、来很舒服,你最好早起活动活动。在形容词pleasant后用不定式作方式状语,且主动形式表示被动含义。7(2013合肥168中学最后一卷)What on earth made Susan weep?_ of cheating in the exam.ABe accusedBShe was accusedCBecause she was accusedDBeing accused解析:选D考查非谓语动词作主语。句意:“苏珊究竟为什么哭?”“她被指责在考试中作弊。”题线处在答句中作主语回答问句,A、C两项不能作主语,若选B项则应在前面加that,此处为动词ing形式作主语。8(2013德州市二模)I
22、 made every effort to get the car out of the mud, but it remained _ there.Asticking Bto be stuckCstuck Dto have stuck解析:选C考查非谓语动词作表语。句意:我尽力想把车从泥中弄出来,但车仍然陷在那里。it与stick为被动关系,排除A项和D项;B项表示将来,C项表示完成。现在分词与不定式作结果状语的比较1(2012天津高考)He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched.Aleft Bto l
23、eaveCleaving Dhaving left解析:选C考查非谓语动词。句意:他起晚了,匆忙赶往办公室,没有吃早饭。主语He与leave之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。不定式作结果状语时表示意想不到的结果,故排除B项;leave这一动作并未发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,排除D项。2(2012山东高考)George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. Ato be told BtellingCbeing told Dtold 解析:选A考查非谓语动词。句意:乔治战争后回到家,结果被告
24、知妻子已经离开了他。此处是动词不定式作结果状语,表示意料之外的结果,而且George和tell之间是被动关系,因此用to be told。如果用动词ing形式,则表示意料之中的结果。现在分词表示自然而然的结果;不定式表示意想不到的结果,其前常加only。试比较:More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了更多的公路,这使得人们出行变得更加容易了。I arrived at the station in a hurr
25、y, only to find the train had left.我匆忙到达车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。现在分词与过去分词作状语的比较1(2013四川高考)_ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.ANot knowing BKnowing notCNot known DKnown not解析:选A考查非谓语动词。句意:由于不知道上哪所大学,那个女孩向她的老师征求意见。分析句子成分可知,the girl与know之间是逻辑上的主动关系,所以用现在分词作原因状语,且分词的否定式是在分词前加not
26、,所以答案为A。2(2013安徽高考)_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.ATo found BFoundingCFounded DHaving founded解析:选C考查非谓语动词。句意:这所学校创建于20世纪初期,它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。found与the school之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词。故选C。现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系;过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。试比较:Seeing from the
27、 top of the building, we can see the whole city.Seen from the top of the building, the whole city can be seen.非谓语动词作后置定语的比较1(2013陕西高考)The witnesses _ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.Aquestioned Bbeing questionedCto be questioned Dhaving questioned解析:选A考查非谓语动词。句意:
28、刚才警察询问的目击者对这次打架给出了完全不同的描述。由于the witnesses和question是逻辑上的动宾关系,同时在句中有表示过去的时间状语just now,故要用动词ed形式作后置定语表示被动和完成。故选A。2(2013山东高考)The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner.Astanding Bto standCstands Dstood解析:选A考查非谓语动词。句意:除了一个书橱在墙角外,房间里空空荡荡。except for是介词短语,其后不能接句子,所以排除C、D两项。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语,且a b
29、ookshelf与动词stand之间为逻辑上的主动关系,所以选A。3(2012重庆高考)Were having a meeting in half an hour.The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.Ato be made Bbeing madeCmade Dhaving been made解析:选A考查非谓语动词。根据前面的“Were having a meeting in half an hour.”可知会议还没开始,The decision后面的定语应用动词不定式,表示将要发生的动作
30、,排除B、C、D项。故选A项。表示被动、完成用过去分词;表示主动、进行用现在分词;表示被动、进行用being done;表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较:The bridge built in 2012 was designed by a local company.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.The bridge to be built next year was designed by a local company.Recently a survey comparing pric
31、es of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.(2011江苏高考)不定式与v.ing形式作宾语的比较1(2012安徽高考)I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.Alocking Bto lockChaving locked Dto have locked解析:选B考查非谓语动词。句意:我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。remem
32、ber to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”,与后半句中的“forgot to .”相对应。2(2011四川高考)Lydia doesnt feel like_abroad.Her parents are old.Astudy BstudyingCstudied Dto study解析:选B考查非谓语动词。 feel like sth./doing sth.“想要某物/想要做某事”。 句意:莉蒂亚不想出国学习, 因为她的父母都上年纪了。 3(2009陕西高考)I still remember_to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.Ato take
33、 Bto be takenCtaking Dbeing taken解析:选D考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.“记得要做某事(该动作未发生)”;remember doing sth.“记得做过某事(该动作已经发生)”。依据后文的“what I saw there”可知这里说的是记得已经发生的动作;再者take的宾语就是句子的主语,二者之间是动宾关系,应用被动形式,所以选being taken。1下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine, learn, want, expec
34、t/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。此外,afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。2下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃
35、亡。consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; cant help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape。此外,be used/accustomed to (习惯于), lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, o
36、bject to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand, give up, feel like, insist on, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语。He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing the g
37、ood opportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备,因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。3下列动词或短语既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意:forgetrememberregretmeancant helpWhat a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday. But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力!昨天我忘了向他借过钱,但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。非谓语动词作补足语的比较(一)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较1(201
38、3北京高考)When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.Ablock Bto blockCblocking Dblocked解析:选D考查非谓语动词。句意:当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假期。分析句子结构可知,此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构。宾语补足语是do形式时,表示“看见宾语做某事的全过程”;宾语补足语是doing形式时,表示“看见宾语正在做某事”;若宾语补足语与宾语是动宾关系时,则用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。road与block之间是被动关系,故选D。2(2012四川高考
39、)I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.Ato wind BwindCwinding Dwound解析:选C考查非谓语动词。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语snake与wind之间为主动关系,且此动作正在进行,故选C。感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式,试比较(以see为例):see宾语I heard her sing an English song j
40、ust now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动,完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时,我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动,正在进行)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.为了学好英语,我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动,无时间性)(二)使役动词make, have, get, keep, let后加复合宾语的比较1(2013陕西高考)Let those in need _ that we will go all o