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1、多维教程 Unit 1 Exercises (p15-p25)要求Translation and Writing (p20-21) 做到本子上,要上交,计入平时成绩,上交期限截止下周三(10 月 27 日) ,也可 10 月 25 日交。本课其余练习做到书上,下周一(10 月 25 日)课堂抽查,评讲。注意:期末总评成绩 =平时 50%+ 期末 50% 平时成绩 =出勤 30%+ 作业 50%+ 课堂表现 20% (缺勤一次扣5 分)Translation and Writing (p20-21)练习指导A.英译汉先通读全文掌握大意,分析句子结构, 查阅不懂的生词, 正确理解, 充分表达, 要
2、求译文“忠实” 、 “通顺”。推荐词典新英汉词典 。本篇文章180 字左右,要求尽量在30 分钟内完成,不超过 40 分钟(参照学位考试要求)。常见翻译方法 直译(重形似)与意译(重神似),例如:直译Mushroom cloud 蘑菇云arms race 军备竞赛意译government of the people, by the people and for the people “民有”、 “民治”、 “民享”的政府In a world where human survival is at stake, ignorance is not an acceptable alternative.
3、 当今世界人类生存吉凶难卜,无知不是可接受的选择。常用翻译技巧增词法 :根据语义句法上的需要增加原文虽无其词却有其意的一些词,如在有些不及物动词后、形容词前、 抽象名词后增加名词,在有些名词或动名词前后增加动词,有的名词前后增加形容词,在某些形容词或动词前增加副词等。重复法: 针对原文为省略、替代或其他目的(如修辞)而进行的简略表达,按译入语习惯重复补充上文出现过的关键词。正反转换法: 原文肯定译文否定,或原文否定译文肯定,或两者均可。词类转换法: 将其它词类的英语单词转换为汉语动词,名词,形容词,副词。省略法: 为避免累赘,删去一些可有可无、不符合译文表达习惯的词语,如实词中的代词、动词的省
4、略,虚词中的冠词、介词和连词的省略等。语态转换法: 被动语态转换为主动语态,保留被动语态,或主动语态转换为被动语态。1.They are torn by idealism of service on the one hand, and on the other, the temptation to retreat into a world that never rises above self- interest. 令他们深感苦恼的是如何面对一方面是服务他人的理想主义,另一方面是遁入一个永远停留在自我利益狭隘圈子中的诱惑。2.Man cannot behold except he be com
5、mitted 人只有承担义务才能了解自我。 【增词法: 动词 commit 后增加名词为 “承担义务” ;增词法:动词 behold( “看” “注意”)后增加名词为“了解自我”。 正反转换法: cannotexcept 双重否定转换为肯定“只有”】名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 3.What we need today are groups of well-informed, caring individual
6、s. 今天我们需要的是大批消息灵通、关心他人的人士。【增词法:不及物动词派生词caring 增加名词 】4.How, they ask, can non-specialists debate policy choices of consequence when they do not even know the language? 他们问,非专业人员在不懂得专业语言的情况下,怎么能探讨重大政策的选择呢?5.Throughout our study we were impressed that what today s college is teaching most successfully
7、is competence-competence in meeting schedules, in gathering information, in responding well on tests, in mastering the details of a special field. 整个研究给我们留下印象最深的是,今日的大学讲授最成功之处在于培养能力完成课时、收集信息、考试成绩优良、掌握某一领域详细知识的能力。【增词法】6.At a time in life when values should be shaped and personal priorities sharply pr
8、obed, what a tragedy it would be if the most deeply felt issues, the most haunting questions, the most creative moments were pushed to the fringes of our institutional life. 在人生形成价值观,探索个人专长时期,如果把感受最深的大事、最常萦绕心头的问题、最具创造性的时刻,挤到我们学习生涯的次要地位,这是何等可悲。【语态转换法:被动转换为主动】7.Even what once seemed to be reasonably l
9、ocal matters-call for specialists, who debate technicalities and frequently confuse rather than clarify the issues. 甚至那些曾经理所当然地被认为是地方性的事务, 都要求专家参与,他们讨论技术细节,但常常不仅没有阐明问题,反而把问题弄得一团糟。8.What kind of nation will we be if we cannot even commit ourselves to other people, much less to a set of abstract value
10、s? 如果我们甚至对他人都不能做奉献,更不用提对一套抽象的价值观做奉献了。【重复法:将后句省略部分重复补充,即much less to (commit ourselves to ) a set of abstract values.】9.But our abiding hope is that, with determination and effort, the undergraduate college can make a difference in the intellectual and personal lives of its graduates, in the social a
11、nd civic responsibilities they are willing to assume, and ultimately in their world perspective. 但我们永恒的希望是,借助决心和努力,大学教育能在毕业生的智力开发及个人生活方面,在他们愿意承担的社会及公民义务方面,最终也在世界观方面发挥作用。【增词法与重复法:在名词后增加“ , 方面”,重复表达;省略法:如冠词、代词省略】10.The full control of policy by specialists with limited perspective is not tolerable. 让洞
12、察力有限的专家全控制政策的做法同样不能令人容忍。【词类转换法:名词control 转换为动词译法】B.汉译英名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 先通读全文或全句掌握大意,确立句子主干(如主谓宾),按英语习惯选择句式,如简单句,并列句,复合句(包含主语从句,定语从句,状语从句等)。掌握一些特殊句式英译,如无主句,流水句,使动句,连动句,兼语句,“把”字句的译法。选择措辞时尽量用一些词语搭配和固定表达,要求译文“忠实”、
13、 “通顺”。尽量在 1 小时内完成。推荐词典朗文英汉双解词典, 牛津高阶英汉双解词典,或汉英词典 。常见翻译技巧(以上提到的几种方法)增词法: 英语重形合,汉语重意合,增词法主要表现为:为了英语结构需要增添词语,如必要的代词、冠词、介词或连接词语。如:留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。As long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 其实,不把散文底子打好,什么也写不成。As a matter of fact, without a good foundation in prose writing, one
14、 cannot hope to be successful in any kind of writing. 书本汉译英练习提示(p20-21)1.当今的大学生,尽管他们努力地想使自己成才(establish oneself) ,但对未来还是很模糊的 (have ambiguous feelings about sth.) 。2.一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心(find a center beyond oneself) , 就不能实现他的自我价值。所以,理想的本科教育必须使学生超越自我(transcend himself) 。3.我们强烈地希望在大学所学到的知识在今后的工作与学习中能起到重要的
15、作用(reveal oneself in)。4.四年的本科学习是走向成功生活的唯一道路,这种说法是无法(被)接受的(go unchallenged)。5.在对一个关键问题作结论时,如果只(盲目)相信(blind faith in) 所谓的专家而不相信自己,不根据调查的结果,不根据实验的数据,那是在冒险 (run the risk of doing sth.) 。 【本句解构的主干为: (我们)在冒险对关键问题作决定,不是, 而是, 】6.我们的事业需要一批受过良好教育又能关心他人(caring)的年轻人,他们能团结一致(band together),相互学习,积极参加(participate
16、in) 四化建设。7.如果这所学校要有生命力(be to endure)的话,它培养的学生不仅要有扎实的基础和熟练的专业技能,还要有奉献精神(commit oneself to )。8.如果大学生对考试过于投入,就有可能把能力与奉献放到次要的地位(pushto the fringes),这样说一点也不过分(not much)。9.我甚至没有跟他说话,当然更不用 (much less to do sth.)说与他讨论有关你们学校的改建问题。10.有人认为考试是很重要的,但也有人认为考试有不少弊端。所以考试留下了一个未能解名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - -
17、 - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 决的问题( leave an open question)考试对教育有什么影响?C. 作文( p21)题目: My View on Some Problems in China s Higher Education (写 120-150 字,半小时完成)提示: 按提纲在半小时写出120-150 字的短文(可将提纲作为主题句):一、中国高等教育存在一些问题二、解决办法句式举例:问题(现象)列举写 出 主 题 句 后 , 用 一 些 表 示 顺 序 和 补 充
18、 的 过 渡 词 列 举 现象 , 如first/ first of all,second,lastly,; Firstly, secondly, lastly, ; to begin with/ in the first place, next, finally, ; besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, what is more, most important of all, last but least 表示方法,途径1.We can take some measures to solve these problems. 2.To ac
19、cess the society, a student can watch TV , listen to the radio and read newspapers or magazines. One can also get to know the world through community welfare. 3.There are many ways for a student to finance his college education. Most students ask their parents to pay the tuition fee and pay for thei
20、r books, accommodation and other costs. A student can also apply for the scholarship. Most universities set up scholarship to offer money to the poor students who do well in entrance exams and reward those who work well at university. A student can also apply for the low-interest loans. In addition
21、to the above, taking part-time jobs is also a common way for a college student to get money to pay part of his tuition fees. (举例法展开主题)附:英语句子结构和基本句型(对写作和汉译英都有用)英语句子结构1 简单句( simple sentence) :句中只有一个主语和谓语。The students (I teach) have made better grades in the past few weeks. 2 并列句(compound sentence) :句中
22、有两个或两个以上并列分句,并由并列连词 (and, but, for, or, nor, yet 等)或分号连接。To err is human; to forgive is divine. He is young, but he is lazy. 3 复合句( complex sentence) :句中有一个主语以及一个或一个以上的从属分句(斜体)。What he said is not true. (主语从句)The students would have made better grades if they had studied hard . (状语从句)He who laughs l
23、ast laughs the best. (定语从句)4 并列复合句( compound-complex sentence) :在并列分句中含有从属分句(斜体 )的句子。He was fired and the reason was that he had entirely neglected his duty . 基本句型1 主动补( SVC)结构:谓语动词通常是连系动词(linking verb )These flowers smell fragrant. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - -
24、 - - - - - 第 4 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 主动 (SV)结构:谓语动词通常是不及物动词。Everybody laughed. 3 主动宾( SVO)结构:谓语动词通常是及物动词。Nobody could answer the question. 4 主动宾宾(SVoO)结构:及物动词后跟间接宾语与直接宾语。I sent him a telegram. 5 主动宾补(SVOC )结构:及物动词后跟宾语和宾语补语。They elected him president. 或 We found it useless trying to persuade him to go with us. 6 主动状( SVA)结构:少数动词用在SV 结构中,其后带状语。They stayed in a hotel. 7 主动宾状(SVOA )结构:少数动词用在SVO 结构中,其后带状语。I put the material evidence in front of him . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - -