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1、1 初中英语动词不定式用法梳理动词不定式是由 “ 不定式符号 to+动词原形 ” 构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带 to ，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。现对九年级动词不定式的用法作一次简要梳理。一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it 作形式主语，把真正的主语 动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常
2、置于句末。如：1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge. (p.8 2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. (p.16 3.How to make requests politely is important.(p.93 二、用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：1.The best way to improve your English is to join an E
3、nglish club. (p.7 2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. (p.96 三、用作宾语1. 可以接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree ，期望决定学习 (expect, hope, decide, learn ，宁可假装知道 (prefer, pretend, know，希望想要愿意 (wish, want, would like / love。如：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 -
4、- - - - - - 第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 1We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88 2He prefers to eat white bread and rice.(p.50 3Id love to visit Mexico.(p.53 2. 动词 decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell. ，介词结构 on. 可用疑问词带 to 的不定式短语作宾语，但why 后面的不定式不带to 。如：1Could you please
5、 tell me where to park my car?(p.92 2It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. (p.32 3. 动词 feel, find, make, think 等后面，可以用 it 作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是 .feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. (p.98 4. 既可接动词不定式又可接ving 形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的
6、动词有begin, start, like, love 等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程， ving 形式表2 习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：1Then I started to watch English-language TV.(p.6 2I m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. (p.116begin 用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。3I like to eat vege
7、tables. (p.118 感知动词 like, love, know 等一般不用进行时态。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 5. 后接动词不定式或ving 形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving 形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。 stop to do停下来做另外一件事， to do是目的状语； stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，
8、 doing 是宾语。 try to do 尽力做， try doing 试试看； go on to do接着做另外的事， go on doing继续做原来的事。如：1When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.(p.107 2I stopped using them last year. (p.121 四、用作定语1. 句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如：1I have so many chores to do today.(p.112 2I ca
9、nt think of any good advice to give her. (p.31 3Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.(p.75 2. 动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way 等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：1He needs time to do homework.(p.19 2Is that a good place to hang out ？(p.88 3You want to know the best way to get aroun
10、d the city.(p.127 3. 在“there be.”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象，常用主动式。如：1There s just so much to see and do here.(p.49 2. but there are still many things to do there.(p.54 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 五、用作补语动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里补宾语，在被
11、动语态句里补主语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done ，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。1. 在主、被动语态句里用带to 的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, permit, advise ，期望邀请鼓励 (expect, suppose, invite, encourage ，教导告诉想要 (teach, tell, want，等待希望愿意 (wait for, wish, would like / love 。如：1Id invite her to have dinner at my house.(p.29 2Teen
12、agers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. (p.18 3Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.(p.101 3 2. 动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to ，被动语态句里带to 时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“ 看” ：look at, observe, see, watch ，三“ 让” ：have, let, make ，二“ 听” ：hear, listen to ，一“ 感觉 ” ：feel ，一“ 注意” ：notice 。如：1This
13、picture makes me feel tense ！(p.106 2Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.(p.24 3.help 后接动词不定式作补语，to 可带可不带。一般说来，带to 表间接帮助，不带 to 表直接帮助。在被动语态句里，或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to 。如：1. they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.(p.106 2Using email Eng
14、lish helps you write quickly. (p.100 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to 的动词不定式作主语的补语。如：1He doesn t seem to have many friends.(p.192Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near
15、you.(p.114 六、用作状语1. 目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：1In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.(p.93 2A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to discuss this question. (p.50 to do / in order to do / so as to
16、do 用作目的状语，置句末时都可以用，置句首时只用 to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首，可以引导结果状语从句，in order to do不引导结果状语从句。2. 原因状语，多见于 “sb.+be+adj.+to do.”结构句中。如：1 My dogs name is “Lucky”a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.(p.66 2On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money t
17、o buy old bikes. (p.64 3. 结果状语，多见于 “too.to”，“enough to.”结构句中。如：1Then I m too tired to do well. What should I do?(p.282The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.(p.56 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 4. 有些动词
18、不定式作状语，常说明前面形容词的性质和特性。动词不定式与句子的主语有逻辑的动宾关系。动词不定式前面的形容词一般是：cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary 。不定式常用主动式表被动意义。. the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand.(p.116 这类句子中的动词不定式可改为主语。4 5. 独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如：1Id like to stay healthy,
19、but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.(p.50 2To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldnt understand every word. (p.6 七、动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of 引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for 还是 of ，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of 前面的形容词是careful, clev
20、er, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for 前面的形容词是 dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary 等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。前面如果是名词用for 。如：1.Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening. (p.22 2.Zoos are
21、 terrible places for animals to live.(p.120 八、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who 或疑问副词 how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why 后面的不定式不带to 。如：1. 用作句子的成分。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 1I don
22、 t know what to try next. (p.49(作宾语2Where to go is not decided yet.( 作主语2. 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。1What to do next?(=What will we / you do next? 2Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there? 九、动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do. ，不带 to 的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如：1.Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide n
23、ot to talk to each other.(p.8 2.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 动词不定式练习题一、将括号中汉语译成英语1. We must find a person 2. In my family, my mother is always the first one （什么问题要问） ? 4. There are （许多重要事情要谈）5 5. This book is （不容易理解） 6.He was too excited （说不出话来）7. Do you think him easy （容易相处）
24、? 8. You must get him 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 9. It was not good 10. It was a mistake （没有帮他学英语）11. Her wish is （成为一名大学生）（保护家园）14. I opened the door 15. _ （说） is one thing; _ （做） is quite another. 16. _ （学好一门外语） is n
25、ot easy. 17.Its good _（帮助别人） when they are in trouble. 18. I want _ （和你说句话） . 19. I hope _ （不久再见到你） . 20. My idea is _ （立刻开始工作） . 21. Her wish is _ （上大学） when she finishes middle school. 22. Li Ming asked me _ （和他去游泳） . 23. Did you see him _ （上. 公共汽车）24. You must be hungry. Ill get you something _（吃
26、） . 25. Is there anyone _ （照顾这些孩子） ? 26. She went to the station _（接一位美国朋友） . 27.My uncle has come to Beijing _ （参加一个重要的会议） . 28. Please tell me _ （怎样念这个词） . 29. I havent decided _ （买哪一件衬衫） . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -
27、 30. The question is _ （走哪一条路） . 31. She didnt know _（说什么） . 32. Have you decided _ （去哪里） for your holiday? 33. They plan _ （盖） another cinema here next year. 34. Please remember _ （关） the window before you leave. 35. He _ （逼着我做） all the work again. 36. The teacher _ （告诉我们要注意） what he was doing. 37.
28、 She _ （不允许孩子们玩） in the street. 38. I _ （没想到你来得） so early. 39. The boss _（强迫工人干活）long hours. 40. I _ （不想让你当） a painter. 41. I _ （看见他上楼） a moment ago. 42. I _ （听见雨打） on the window. 43. It _ （让我想起） a lot of things. 44. She likes to _ （看人们溜冰） 二、单项填空 1. Dont forget _ the letter. A. to send B. send C. se
29、nding D. being sent 2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow? A. this B. that C. it D. which 4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke 5. M
30、other told me _ the water before I drank it. A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil 6. On my way home, I stopped _ some food. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 8. The sitting-room needs _, but i
31、tll have to wait until Saturday. A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned 9. The first thing I want to do is _. A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him 10. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk. A. not to drink B. to drink C. not dri
32、nking D. Drinking 6 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 11. Sorry, I am not able to buy the coat, for I have only two dollars_. A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave 12. As you are not feeling well,youd better_ to school. A.
33、w ont go B. not go C. not to go D. dont go 13. _ is bad for our health. A. Doing eye exercises B. Going to bed early C. Eating too much D. Taking a walk after lunch. 14. -What would you like to do. singing or dancing? - I chose_ you a song. A. sang B. singing C. to sing D. sing 15. Mr Smith asked th
34、e man _ the question. A. not jump B. didnt jump C. not to jump D. to not jump 16. It often takes me half an hour_ home. A. walking B. to walk C. walked D. walks 17. We were made_ there for about an hour before dinner. A. sit B. to sit C. sitting D. to sitting 18. Its hard _ so much work in one day.
35、A. for him doing B. of him doing C. for him to do D. of him to do 19.Oh, I left my book at home. 1didn t remember_ it here. A. bring B. to bring C: take D. to take 20. Mr Brown was _ for half an hour before dinner . A. too tired to lay down . C. enough tired to lie down B. very tired so he lain down
36、 D. so tired that he lay down . 7 21. Grandma couldnt keep up with me and I had to stop _ her. A. to wait for B. waiting for C. to waiting D. waited 22. Mr. Hunt is busy _ and _ you. A. to write; hasnt heard B. writing: hasnt heard C. to write: has heard D. writing , has heard 23._ English well is n
37、ot easy. A. To learning B. To learn C. Learn D. For learning 24. His wife is all right again. Dont_it. A. worry about B. worried about C. to worry about D. worrying about 25. When he was a child, he tried to find ways _ people _ life more. A. to help, enjoy C. help; enjoying B. help, to enjoy D. to
38、be help ; to enjoy 26. The runner fell, but he quickly got up and went on._. A. running B. run C. to run D. ran. 27. Would you please remember _a message for the teacher? Ill come back in five minutes. A. leaving B. left C. to leave D. leave 28.I like_ , but I dont like _ this afternoon. A. swimming
39、 , swimming C. swimming , to swim B. to swim , to swim . D. to swim , swimming 29. I think it important _ English well. A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. learned 8 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 30. The funny story made
40、 us _. A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed 31. She was often heard_. A. sing B. singing C. sung D. to sing 32. 0ur teacher told us _ hard. A. to work B. working C. worked D. work 33. Could you tell me_ this word? A. to how read B. how to read. C. how read D. how read to 34, I dont know _. A.
41、 when start B. when to start C. to how start D. how start 35. Please give me a pen_ . A. to write B. writing C. to write with D. writing 36. He went home _some books. A. to got B. getting C. get D. to get. 9 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -