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1、凤州中学凤州中学形容词和副词的用法形容词和副词的用法形容词和副词的用法张洁Teaching aims: 1.Adj.1.Adj.和和AdvAdv的的概念概念, ,功能功能及及位置位置( (重点）重点） 2.Adj.2.Adj.和和Adv.Adv.的的种类种类 及及Adj.Adj.和和Adv.Adv.的的构成构成 （重点）（重点） 3.Adj.3.Adj.和和 Adv.Adv.比较等级的用法比较等级的用法（重难点）（重难点） 4.Adj.4.Adj.变变Adv.Adv.的的规律规律（重点）（重点） 考点考点 ：1 1、构成，用法，规律。、构成，用法，规律。 2 2、特殊句型。、特殊句型。 ( (
2、下节课讲）下节课讲） 3 3、易混词的辨析。、易混词的辨析。 I.形容词和副词的概念及功能 形容词形容词(Adj.)：说明人：说明人和事物特征，性质和事物特征，性质或状态的词。或状态的词。e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc. 用来修饰名词用来修饰名词 或代词或代词副词副词(Adv.)：用来说明：用来说明时间时间, ,地点地点, ,程度程度, ,方方式等概念的词。式等概念的词。e.g. very, early, out, soon, quickly, etc. 用来修饰形容词，用来修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个动词，副词或整个句子句子词词类类用法用法位置位置举
3、例举例形形容容词词adjadj作定语作定语放在放在名词名词前，前，不定代词后不定代词后? ?作表语作表语放在放在系动词系动词之后之后? ?作补语作补语放在放在宾语宾语之后，常与之后，常与keep,make,getkeep,make,get等词连用等词连用? ? medicineFire makes us .It feels .形容词放在名词前做定语形容词放在名词前做定语形容词放在宾语后，作形容词放在宾语后，作宾语补足语宾语补足语形容词与系动词连用，形容词与系动词连用，作表语作表语e.g. He is a good student.I have something important to te
4、ll you.当形容词修饰由当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后不定代词的之后. e.g.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ?The trees turn green in spring.We are alone on the island.只只能作能作表语表语，不能作定语不能作定语的形容词的形容词你能说出几个？你能说出几个？alone afraid awake alone afraid awake asleep alive ab
5、le asleep alive able alike awake illalike awake ill 形容词和宾语一起构成形容词和宾语一起构成复合复合宾语宾语e.g.We must keep the classroom clean.He made us happy. Color it green.词类词类用法用法举例举例位置位置副副词词作表语作表语 My mother is out .?作定语作定语 The girl there is my friend. ?作状语作状语 He runs fast .?作宾补作宾补 I found him outside.?副词是用来修饰副词是用来修饰动词，
6、动词，形容词，其他副词或句子形容词，其他副词或句子的词。位置灵活。的词。位置灵活。1. He runs quickly. （副词修饰动词）副词修饰动词）2. She is very beautiful.（副词修饰形容词）副词修饰形容词）3. Luckily, he was not badly hurt. （副词修饰句子）（副词修饰句子） II. II. 形容词和副词的形容词和副词的 1. 1.种类种类三种三种LetLets fill s fill in the in the blanks,blanks, 词词 尾尾 变变 化化原级原级比较比较级级最高最高级级单音节词在词尾加单音节词在词尾加-e
7、r(比较级比较级)或或-est(最高级最高级)以字母以字母e接尾的词加接尾的词加-r或或-sttall hard large wide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或或estbig hot thin fat wet 以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为结尾的词变为i再加再加-er,或或-esthappy dry early narrow clever 多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加加more 和和most difficult popular slowlytaller har
8、der larger wider tallest hardest largest widestbigger hotter fatter wetterbiggest hottest fattest wettest happier drier earlierhappiest driest earliestnarrower cleverernarrowest cleverestmore difficult more popularmore slowly most difficult most popularmost slowly少数以少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节结尾的双音节词可加词可加-er或或
9、-est原级原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittleFarold比较级比较级最高级最高级better bestworseworstless more mostfarther/furtherolder/elderleast farthest/furthestoldest/eldest P67 1.少数形容词只能作少数形容词只能作表语表语，不能作，不能作定语定语。 2.频率副词频率副词作状语时作状语时,放在系动词放在系动词,助动词助动词 情态动词之后情态动词之后,行为动词之前行为动词之前 3.某些某些副词副词强调上下句衔接时强调上下句衔接时,可放在句首可放在句首 4.enoug
10、h修饰修饰adj.和和adv.时，放在其后时，放在其后Tom is as tall as Mike. （1）as+形容词原形形容词原形+asThere are as many students in our school as yours. (2) 倍数倍数Tom is three times as old as Mike.(3)半数半数Tom is half as tall as Mike.III. Adj.Adj.和和Adv.Adv.比较等级的用法比较等级的用法 (4) 否定否定 not as+形容词原形形容词原形+as “和和 不一样不一样” 或或 not so+形容词原形形容词原形+a
11、s “不及不如不及不如 Tom is not as tall as Mike.Tom is not so tall as Mike. (1) A+ bev.+ 比较级比较级+than+B This bridge is longer than that one. (2) A+A+ + +比较级比较级+than+B+than+B Our school is larger than theirs. a little, much ,even, stiil,far ect. (3)表示两者之间的选择，可使用表示两者之间的选择，可使用“Which is+ 比较级，比较级，or?” (4) 表示不及另一方时
12、，使用表示不及另一方时，使用“less+原级原级+than”Which is longer, this one or that?This park is less beautiful than that one. (5) The + 比较级比较级 + of the two 结构(6) “The+比较级比较级，the+比较级比较级” (7) “比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级” The harder you study English, the fewer mistakes you will make.In spring, the days are getting longer and lon
13、ger. （1）one of the+最高级最高级+名词复数名词复数（2）最高级最高级+of (in)Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century. (3) The +序数词序数词+ 最高级最高级 Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best. IVIV 形容词变副词的规律：形容词变副词的规律： (1)词尾加词尾加ly构成构成,real really如如: Strong strongly ()词尾是词尾是y的要把的要把y变为变为i再加再加 ly, 如如:busy busily
14、 happy happily()有几个有几个特殊特殊的要的要去去e后再加后再加-ly或或y,如如:true truly terrible terriblypossible-possibly()以以e结尾的结尾的,大部分直接加大部分直接加-ly, 如如:wide widely brave bravely ()注意注意: friendly lovely, lonely 不是副词不是副词1.形容词和副词的概念形容词和副词的概念，功用，功用 位置。位置。2.形容词和副词的比较级和形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法最高级的构成及用法3.形容词变副词的规律形容词变副词的规律1. The bread
15、is _ than these cakes A. very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious2. Lin Tao jumped _ in the long jump in the school sports meeting A. far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far3. When they met in the hotel . They talked and laughed _A. happily B. happy C. happier D. happiestCC
16、A 4. In our city its _ in July ,but it is even _ in August A. hotter hottest B. hot hot C. hotter hot D. hot hotter 5. Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second _ island in china. A. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest 6. An elephant is _ than a tiger . A. heavy B. very heavy C. the hea
17、viest D. heavierDCD 7. A horse is _ than a dog . A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D. more heavy 8. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes . She is _. A. care B. careful C. carefully D. careless 9. Which subject is _ , physics or chemistry ? A. interesting B. most interesting C. more intere
18、sting D. the most interesting CDC10. He is _ enough to carry the heavy box . A. strong B. stronger C. much stronger D. the strongest 11. Li lei often talks _ but does _ so everyone says he is a good boy . A. less more B. few much C. more little D. little many 12. When the famous singer started to si
19、ng , everyone began to shout very _ . A. loudly B. loud C. heavily D. high AAANatural disasters DesertificationPollutionEndangered animals 1. Dont throw the litter everywhere.6. Pick up the paper or plastic bags on the ground.2. Turn off the tap(水水龙头龙头) when you dont use it.3. Turn off the light whe
20、n you dont use it.4. Save paper; recycle waste paper. 5. Recycle waste bottle and battery.7. Dont smoke, chew gum.8. Dont light fire.9. Protect everything in our school. 1. 1.多个形容词同时修多个形容词同时修饰一个名词的饰一个名词的顺序顺序 2. 2.作文作文 Saving our world Saving the eartha red applea round tablea Japanese girltall build
21、ings表表颜色颜色表表国籍国籍表表形状形状表新旧表新旧表表长短长短an old bike多个形容词修饰名词多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：时，其顺序为：限定词限定词- -数词数词- -描绘词描绘词( (大小，长短，形状，大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色新旧，颜色)-)-出处出处- -材材料性质料性质, ,类别类别- -名词名词1.It is made in Switzerland(瑞士，瑞士， 其形容词为其形容词为Swiss).2.It is made of metal.3.It is grey.4. It is big.5.It is round.6. It is new.It is a wa
22、tch.metalmetalSwissSwissgreygreynewnewroundroundbigbig口诀口诀：一般直接加，：一般直接加，“元元e”去去e加，加， “辅辅y”y”改改i i加，加，“le”le”结尾结尾e e改改y y分别举例如下：分别举例如下： quickquickly, quickquickly, truetruly, happyhappily, possibletruetruly, happyhappily, possiblepossibly.possibly. 某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e e结尾和结尾和以以- -ueue结尾的结尾的
23、形容词要先去掉形容词要先去掉e,e,然后再加然后再加-y-y或或- -lyly。 如如: terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-: terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently gently 另外另外, ,副词还可以由副词还可以由形容词加前缀形容词加前缀a-a-得来得来, ,如如:loud :loud (adj.)-aloud (adv.) (adj.)-aloud (adv.) 此外此外, ,部分部分名词加后缀也可变成副词名词加后缀也可变成副词, ,如如:part-partly:part-partly。 例句例句: It is partly her fault. : It is partly her fault. 有部分是她的错。有部分是她的错。 需注意需注意: friendly; motherly; lovely: friendly; motherly; lovely等词是形容词等词是形容词而非副词。而非副词。