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1、Noun Clauses asthe appositive下页句子划红线的部分在句中作名词下页句子划红线的部分在句中作名词的同位语从句，对名词进一步解释，的同位语从句，对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。说明名词的具体内容。你能找出它们所解释的名词吗？你能找出它们所解释的名词吗？1. The news that we won the game is exciting.2. I have no idea when he will come back home.3. Word came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 4. They are i
2、nvestigating(调查调查) the question whether the man is trustworthy(可信赖的可信赖的).观察下列句子划红线的部分。观察下列句子划红线的部分。1. The news that we won the game is exciting.2. I have no idea when he will come back home.3. Word came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 4. They are investigating the question whether the man
3、is trustworthy.The newsideaWordthe question 同位语从句同位语从句 1. 概念概念: 在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性 从句。从句。2. 功能功能: 同位语从句对名词进一步解释、说明同位语从句对名词进一步解释、说明 名词的具体内容。名词的具体内容。3. 用法用法: 常跟的抽象名词有常跟的抽象名词有: fact/ idea/reason/ thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief/theory/decision/discovery/Problem/question/evidenc
4、e/proof证据证据/opinion4. 连词连词 that/whether/who/ which/ what /when/where/why/how1. Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2. The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.The fact that two thirds of all
5、 girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.3. Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.4. Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcome
6、d by many people, especially kids in school.There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.同位语从句与定语从句区别同位语从句与定语从句区别 1. 从词类上区别从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是同位语从句前面的名
7、词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal(提议、建议提议、建议), word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。个主句。 He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon.Word came that he had been abr
8、oad. 据说他已经出国了。据说他已经出国了。Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了我们的队赢了, 这让我们很高兴。这让我们很高兴。( (同位语从句同位语从句) )(定语从句定语从句) 2.从性质上区别从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如的范畴。如: : The news
9、 that our team has won the game is true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句同位语从句, 补充说明补充说明news到底是一个什到底是一个什么消息么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句定语从句, news在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语) 3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如有些引导词如how, whether, what 可以可以
10、引导同位语从句引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。但不能引导定语从句。如如: That question whether we need ithas not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句同位语从句) 引导词引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语一般作主语或宾语 (指物时还可以用指物时还可以用which代替代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略，并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能充当任何成分
11、，并且不能省略，也不能用用which来代替。如来代替。如: 判定同位语从句和定语从句的方法判定同位语从句和定语从句的方法 that在定于从句中在定于从句中“三可三可”，即，即“可替、可可替、可省、可做成分省、可做成分”。1、指物时可用、指物时可用which代代替；替；2.可做定于从句的主语或宾语；可做定于从句的主语或宾语；3、做、做宾语时可省略。宾语时可省略。 that在同位语从句中在同位语从句中“三不三不”，1、不可用、不可用which代替；代替；2、不可做同位语从句的成分；、不可做同位语从句的成分；3、不可省略。、不可省略。The order that we should send a f
12、ew people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句同位语从句, 是对是对order的具体解释的具体解释 that虽不作成分虽不作成分, 但不能省略但不能省略) The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派
13、几个人去帮助别的几个小组。人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句定语从句, 是名词是名词order的修饰语的修饰语, that 在从句中作在从句中作received的宾语的宾语, 可以省略可以省略) 1. The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world.2. Thats the best piece of news Ive heard.3. Ive no hope that my parents have been expecting to me
14、.判断下列哪些含有判断下列哪些含有同位语从句同位语从句，哪些含有，哪些含有定语从句定语从句。定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句4. Is there any hope that he will be home at 7:30? 5. The possibility that you referred to (谈到谈到) doesnt exist at all.6. The fact that we talked about is very important.7. There is a strong possibility that we may be in France f
15、or the next week.定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句1. Information has been put forward _more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A while B that C when D as2. The news _ he was kidnapped (诱拐诱拐)surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 3. His suggestion _ the meeti
16、ng be delayed was turned down拒绝拒绝. A. which B. that C./ D. it 4. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 5. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 6. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A
17、. when B. which C. what D. that 7. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what 8. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when 9. The other day(前几天前几天), my brother drove his car down the street at _ was
18、thought a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. that 10. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which 11. The question occurred to (想起想起)me _ the book was worth reading. A. what B. whether C. which D. if1. There i
19、s a new problem involved(潜在潜在) in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need_. (2003 上海）上海） A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving2. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (2004 上海春上海春) A. which B.
20、that C. what D. whether3. A story goes _Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2004 上海）上海） A. when B. where C. what D. that4. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. (2005 广东广东) A. which B.
21、that C. what D. whether5. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. （2006 天津）天津） A. that B. which C. until D. if1. We were excited at the news. Our football team had won a third match .2. They have made a new plan. Another experiment building will be put up besid
22、e the library. 合并成一句合并成一句We were excited at the news that our football team had won a third match.They have made a new plan that another experiment building will be put up beside the library.3. They had the question. Could he pass the final exam?4. Who did the damaged computer belong to? No one had
23、any idea. They had the question whether he could pass the final exam.No one had any idea who the damaged computer belonged to.5. The problem has been solved. Why were so many areas flooded during the heavy storm? The problem why so many areas were flooded during the heavy storm has been solved.1. At
24、 lunch time, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. 2. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.3. What surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything. 4. The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity.
25、 Appositive ClauseSubject ClauseObject ClausePredicative ClauseFind clauses from the following sentences and tell the functions of them.同位语从句 在句中作某些名词的同位语，对前面的名词进一步说明。用在下列名词后： fact, news, idea, hope, believe, thought, doubt, truth, order, suggestion, word 等.There is no doubt that he will come.There
26、is doubt whether he will come.Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them.There is no possibility that.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 在同位语从句中：that不可以省略，不作成分; 定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分，作宾语时可以省略。1.We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.2. We are interested in the news that
27、he told us.when, where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 在定语从句中，when, where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位语从句)Go and get your coat. Its in the place where you left it.(定语从句)再例如：1.They arose the question _ we were to get so much money.2.This is the house _ the great man Mao
28、 Zedong was born 110 years ago.A. where B. that C. about which D. in which解析：答案分别是(1) A (2) A/D。先行词与where, when概念一致时，是定语从句，（2）中的house与where同表地点，且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替，所以答案A 和D都可以引导。（1）题中的question与where不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。 注：说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。