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1、.四级样题：Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph
2、is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Universities Branch OutA) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific dis
3、coveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force fo
4、r global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending the
5、ir own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping tha
6、n the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to develope
7、d countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate
8、study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at Americas best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the
9、 top research universities received their graduate education abroad.D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,2
10、00 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship o
11、pportunityand providing the financial resources to make it possible.E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a resear
12、ch center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate student
13、s visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xus Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job trainin
14、g from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) a
15、nd applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Ha
16、rvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.G) For all its success, the United States remains deepl
17、y hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has rise
18、n more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of
19、long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international and foreign-language study is well below the levels of
20、 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business l
21、eaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.I) Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nations well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that forei
22、gn students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States andlike immigrants throughout historystrengthen th
23、e nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stabi
24、lity as welcoming international university students.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.47.Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3
25、.9 percent.48.The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.49.The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.50.Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United
26、 States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.51.The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.52.The U.S. federal funding for research has been unsteady for years.53.Around the world, governments encourage
27、the model of linking university-based science and industrial application.54.Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.55.When foreign students leave America, they will bring American values back to their home countries.Keys: 46. D 47. C 48. I 49. E 50. C 51. H 52.
28、G 53. F 54. A 55. I从样卷看，此次涉及改革题目的特点是：1、 做题时间1015分钟(整体阅读包括选词填空、匹配和精度，共计40分钟);2、 四级样卷显示需要将10道题目信息配对到9个段落中;3、 六级样卷显示需要将10道题目信息配对到15个段落中;4、 考试说明提到，某段可能被用到两次，而某段可能完全不被涉及。5、 这类题型的出题形式为：题干给出原文的若干条细节信息，要求考生找出文中分别有这些信息的段落(即题目当中会问道：which paragraph contains the following information?)。难点分析：1、顺序原则被打破 段落细节信息配对题之
29、所以让无数考生闻之色变，主要在于这种题目打破了解答雅思阅读题目传统的阅读技巧和解题思路。首先，作为匹配题代表，这种题型明显不会遵守其他主流题型的“顺序原则”，考生从文章开头到结尾定位的方法显然行不通;2、题目均为长句形式 其次，题目当中的表述通常是极其复杂和繁琐的名词短语或者长难句型，在试图寻找合适的定位词之前，考生往往就业已被题干错中复杂的表述搞得云里雾里了;例如四级样卷第51题：The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to ch
30、anges in the visa process.3、定位词模糊 即使考生能够排除万难，读懂题目陈述中晦涩难懂的意思，寻找定位词仍然存在很大的障碍，因为这类题目往往不会出现非常明显的可以实践拿来主义的明显定位词(数字、时间、地点、人物、特殊字体和特殊符号等等)，即使侥幸被我们碰到一个，这个定位词也通常和文章主题联系密切，且出现多次，所以并没有太大实用意义，例如上题中的U.S.;4、两题对一段的可能性增加干扰性 最后，一般选择题至少是一对一进行对应的，如果能够成功选出一对，那么就至少可以排除一个选项。但是在段落细节信息对应题当中，四、六级样卷明确提醒：You may choose a para
31、graph more than once.一段可能被用两次。这样最有效的排除法在这里也就再无用武之地了。 所以，从上面四个特点不难看出，如果想从根本上解决这种题型，考试方的思路是希望考生能够从头到尾读完一遍文章，从宏观和微观两个方面全面掌握文章的结构和细节信息之后再进行解题的，但是这种思路对于阅读水平和单词量都有限的四、六级考生来说有些难针对四级样题，我们对四级考生提出以下做题建议：一、先看题再看文章1、段落细节信息配对题的陈述虽然都是文章细节信息，但是表述基本都是围绕文章标题或者每一段落的主题进行描述的，通过快速阅读题干部分表述，可以迅速了解文章主旨大意。如四级样卷中Q46Q4846 Ame
32、rican universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.47 Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.48 The enrollment of international students will have a positive
33、impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness. 熟悉四级场景词汇的同学一定认识：university, enrollment, students 名词形式，文章关于美国大学教育或学生的主题就此迅速清楚; 在考生看过文章标题Universities Branch Out之后，通过快速预览这道段落细节信息配对题的题干部分，考生可以马上了解到文章所围绕的主题是美国大学的扩张，即使题干中的每一个表述并不是文章的Topic sentence(主旨句)，但是却都与文章的主题息息相关的。所以通过快速浏览这种题目的题干不失为在短时间内掌握
34、文章主旨大意的一种方法。2、用特殊标记词汇尽快定位简单题目： 特殊词汇包括：精确数据、非文章高频词的大写或专有名词、斜体或援引内容等如47题Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.3.9 percent.就是一个精确数据，直接定位至C段，即告选择成功。C段Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroa
35、d has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.又如51题The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process. September 11 是一个非高频专有大写，直接定位至H段即告定位成功。H段Adjusted for inflation, public
36、funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11 解决完前两步后，相对困难的时间开始了，我们建议考生用顺序梳理原文的方式，逐一进行答案的确认。二、一段一段速读文章，一道一道梳理题目1、速读每一段，关注段首段尾句和段内重点单词区域(例如逻辑关系等) 段首或段尾句可以迅速告知本段主要内容，而常见阅读重点词汇及短语区域则是段内重点信息的表达。因果转折类：but however unfor
37、tunately since because the reason 选择关系：either or 比较关系类：more even more than most 递进关系： not only but also not merely but让步关系： although though 事实罗列：for example in fact 序数词： first second at last如四级样卷A段：重点区域：段尾句的转折关系 But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, in
38、formation and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. 而定位至本句后，根据长难句中关注谓语宾语结构或表语结构，重点位置再次被定位至：has made universities a powerful force，以此句去匹配剩余题目即可。 浏览至54题，发现：Present-day universities have become a powerful force
39、for global integration. 则答题成功。 同理，F段重点句包含BUT The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: 浏览至53题，发现Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application. 则答题成功。2、用同意替换解决
40、速读无法解决的段落及题目。 同意替换是阅读类题目终极解决方案，它包括单词或短语甚至句子用另一种含义表达的所有形式。相对而言，四级部分更多强调词语的同意替换，例如上题中，段落中的link变成题目中的linking。 当然，也有一定难度的题目来影响考生的分数。如四级样卷E段： Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and How
41、ard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter l
42、aboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xus Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese
43、 graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.本段可以定位的位置有： 首句尾句;4,300，95(精确数字);Fudan University(非高频大写专有)等。仔细浏览完毕题目，发现没有任何明显信息可以进行匹配。只有49题：The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.包含一个g
44、lobalization. 仔细分析，发现这句话对应的就是E段段首。其同意替换对应关系为：Reshape-has changed; research is done-research is carried out. 同意替换因为有一定难度，于是成为匹配题最佳解决方案，这是一个需要积累和锻炼的能力，我们建议：第一、平时背词汇时，多多注意目标词汇的同意词和近义词，以及短语。特别关注其英文解释，这会逐渐给大家省很多力气;第二、每次做完题目后，都积累阅读和听力科目中全部同意替换的方式，今后考试中被重复考到几率是很高的。 总结段落信息匹配题的做法：1、先看题再回文章，包含两步：关注主题(主标题或副标题)
45、+定位简单特殊明确的位置(如特殊数据)2、 速读文章再看题，需要关注重点词汇区域3、 最后使用同意替换能力来解决剩余题目最后，我们总结了一批常见的段落信息匹配的高频考点位置，请识记：涉及到首段的提示词：overview /past/introduction/initiation/ definition/cause/demonstration/orientation/main idea/view/concept/ essence/explanation+topic涉及到尾段的提示词：future / in the future / solution / conclusion / suggest or suggestion / Summary/prediction/effect+topic特殊词帮助定位：含有rate / ratio / proportion / percentage等词的信息往往对应%较多的段落含有number / figure / amount statistical / demographics等词的信息往往对应数字集中的段落含有financial / business / income / revenue / salary / wage / commercial等词的信息往往对应￥$符号多的段落含有time/ period等词的信息往往对应时间较多的段落