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1、/*MILITARY SPECIFICATION军用规范ANODIC COATINGS FOR ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS铝和铝合金的阳极氧化涂层This specification is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense.本规范可以用于国防部的所有部门及机构。1. SCOPE 范围1.1 Scope. This specification covers the requirements for six types and two classe
2、s of electrolytically formed anodic coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys for non-architectural applications (see 6.1).1.1范围 本标准包括非建筑用途的铝和铝合金的6类和2级电解生产的阳极氧化膜的要求(见6.1)1.2 Classification. The anodic coating Types and Classes covered by this specification are as specified herein (see 6.2 and6.21):1.
3、2 分类 本标准所列阳极氧化膜的类型和级别如下：1.2.1 Types类型Type I- Chromic acid anodizing, conventional coatings produced from Chromic acid bath (see 3.4.1)I 类-铬酸阳极氧化，在铬酸槽生成的常规氧化膜(见3.4.1)Type IB- Chromic acid anodizing, low voltage process, 22 2V,(see 3.4.1)IB类-铬酸阳极氧化，低电压工艺，222V(见3.4.1)Type IC- Non-chromic acid anodizing
4、, for use as a non-chromate alternative for Type I and IB coatings (see 3.4.1 and 6.1.2)IC类-非铬酸阳极氧化，应用非铬酸的配方生成的I和IB类氧化膜(见3.4.1)和(6.1.2)Type II- Sulfuric acid anodizing, conventional coatings produced fromsulfuric acid bath (see 3.4.2)II类-硫酸阳极氧化，在硫酸槽生成的常规的氧化膜(见3.4.2)Type IIB- Thin sulfuric acid anodi
5、zing, for use as a non-chromate alternative for Type I and IB coatings (see 3.4.2 and 6.1.2)IIB类-硫酸阳极氧化膜，应用非铬酸的配方生成的I和IB类氧化膜(见3.4.1和6.1.2)Type III- Hard Anodic Coatings (see 3.4.3)III类-硬质阳极氧化膜(见3.4.3)1.2.2 Classes.等级Class 1 - Non-dyed (see 3.5.)1级-无染色(见3.5)Class 2 - Dyed (see 3.6.)2级-染色的(见3.6)Benefi
6、cial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should bead dressed to: Commanding Officer, Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division Lakehurst, CodeSR3, Lakehurst, NJ 08733-5100, by using the Self-addressed Standardization
7、 Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter有用备注(建议书、添加、删除)及任何相应资料都可以用于本文件的改进，可以将资料通过本文件末尾的标准化文件改进策划书(DD 格式1426)或信件的形式发给：新泽西 08733-5100，莱克赫斯特，代码SR3，莱克赫斯特海军空战中心航空分部。AMSC N/ADISTRIBUTION STATEMENTA: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimi
8、ted.发行声明A：批准公开发行；发行不受限制。2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 参考文件2.1Government documents. 政府公文2.1.1 Specifications and standards. The following specifications and standards form a part of this document to the extent specified here in. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those listed in
9、the issue of the Department of Defense index of Specifications and Standards (OODISS) and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation.规范和标准。下列规范和标准形成本文件的一部分。除另有規定以外，国防部（DOD）采用的发行文件都是国防部规范与标准目录（DODISS）及其附录中申請所列的发行文件SPECIFICATIONS规范MILITARY军用MIL-P-23377 - Primer Coating, Epoxy-Polyamide, Chemical an
10、d Solvent Resistant 初级涂层，环氧-聚酰胺，化学和溶剂耐性MIL-C-81706 - Chemical Conversion Materials for Coating Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys用于铝和铝合金的涂层的化学转换材料MIL-P-85582 - Primer Coatings: Epoxy, Waterborne初级涂层：环氧树脂，水源的FEDERAL联邦QQ-A-250/4 - Aluminum Alloy 2024, Plate and Sheet铝合金2024，板状或薄片状STANDARDS 标准FEDERAL 联邦FED-S
11、TD-141 - Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials: Methods for Sampling and Testing涂料、清漆、涂漆及相关材料：取样和测试的方法FED-STD-151 - Metals; Test Methods材料；测试方法MILITARY军用MIL-STD-105 - Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by attribute取样规程和计数型检验的表格(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of federal and mi
12、litary specifications and standards are available from DODSSP-Customer Service, Standardization Documents Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 40, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)(除非另有说明，从DODSSP-费城，PA19111-5094，罗宾斯大街，40栋，标准化文件订货处，顾客服务可以得到联邦和军用规范及标准的副本。)2.2 Non-Government publications. The following
13、 documents form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of the documents which are DOD adopted are those listed in the Issue of the DOOISS cited in the solicitation. Unless otherwise specified, the Issues of documents not listed In the DODISS ar
14、e the issues of the documents cited in the solicitation (see 6.2).非政府出版物。下列文件形成本文件的一部分。除另有規定以外，国防部（DOD）采用的发行文件都是国防部规范与标准目录（DODISS）申請中所列的发行文件。除另有規定以外，国防部（DOD）采用的发行文件非国防部规范与标准目录（DODISS）申請中所列的发行文件， 是在询价里列示的文件(见6.2)。 (见6.2)。AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)美国试验材料学会(ASTM)ASTM B 117 - Meth
15、od of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing盐雾测试方法ANSI/ASTM B 137 - Weight of Coating on Anodically Coated Aluminum Measurement of阳极镀铝涂层重量的测量ASTM B 244 - Thickness of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum and of Other Nonconductive Coatings on Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy Current Instruments, Measurement of无磁性基底金属与涡流
16、器械上的阳极氧化铝涂层和其它绝缘涂层的厚度的测量ASTM D 822 - Light and Water Exposure Apparatus (Carbon-Arc Type) for Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products, Standard Practice for Operating用于测试涂层、清漆、涂漆和相关产品的光线与水曝光装置(碳弧型)，用于操作的标准惯例ASTMD 2244 Color Differences of opaque materials, Instrumental Evaluation of不透明材
17、料、器械的色差评估ASTM G 23 Standard Practice for Operating Light Exposure Apparatus (Carbon-Arc Type) with and without water for Exposure of Non-metallic Materials使用水和不使用水对非金属材料进行曝光的光线曝光装置的操作的标准惯例ASTM G 26 Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus (Xenon-Arc Type) with and without water for Exposure of Non-metalli
18、c materials操作光线-使用水和不使用水，对非金属材料的曝光装置(疝弧型) (Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103)(副本申请应发至费城19103，1916礼士街，美国材料试验协会)2.3 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and
19、 the references cited here, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.优先顺序。在本标准和所引用的参考文件有矛盾时，本标准具有优先权，但是本标准不能超越现行的相关法律和法规。3. REQUIREMENTS要求3.1 Materials. The materials used s
20、hall be such as to produce coatingswhich meet the requirements of this specification.材料。所使用的材料应能够产生符合本规范要求的涂层。3.1.1 Base metal. The base metal shall be free from surface defects,caused by machining, cutting, scratching, polishing, buffing, roughening,bending, stretching, deforming, rolling, sandblas
21、ting, vapor blasting, etching, heat treatment condition, alloy chemistry imbalance and inclusions, that willcause coated test panels or parts to fail any of the requirements of thisspecification. The base metal shall be subjected to cleaning, etching, anodizing and sealing procedures as necessary to
22、 yield coatings meeting all requirements of this specification.基体金属 基体金属的表面应无任何由于机加工，切割，刮削，抛光，弯曲，拉伸，滚轧，热处理，合金的化学失衡和掺杂等等引起的表面缺陷，这种缺陷可能导致阳极氧化测试板或零部件不符合本标准的任何一个要求。基材金属应经过清洗，腐蚀，阳极氧化和封闭，亦获得满足本标准要求的阳极氧化膜。3.2 Equipment and processes. The equipment and processes employed shall be such as to produce coatings
23、 which meet the requirements of this specification. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, purchase order or applicable drawing (see 6.2), process operating conditions shall be at the option of the supplier.设备与工艺 使用的设备和工艺保证所有的阳极氧化膜满足本标准的所有要求。除非在合同，订购单或适用图纸另有规定的操作条件应由供应商选择。3.3 General.通则3.3.1 An
24、odizing of parts and assemblies.零件和组件的阳极氧化3.3.1.1 Anodizing of parts. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, purchase order or applicable drawing (see 6.2), parts shall be anodized after all heat treatment, machining, welding, forming and perforating have been completed.零件的阳极氧化 除非在合同，订购单或适用图纸有特
25、殊要求(见6.2)，必须要等所有的热处理、机加工、焊接成形和打孔等工序完成之后才能进行阳极氧化。3.3.1.2 Anodizing of assemblies. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, purchase order or applicable drawing, anodic coatings shall not be applied to assemblies which will entrap the electrolyte in joints or recesses (components shall be anodized
26、separately prior to assembly). When anodizing of assemblies is authorized by the contract, purchase order or applicable drawing, the processing method used shall not result in subsequent damage to the assembly from electrolyte entrapment (Type I or IA coatings shall be used unless another coating Ty
27、pe is specified). Assemblies which contain non-aluminum parts such as steel, brass or organic substances, which would beat tacked by pretreatment or anodizing solutions or would prevent uniform formation of the anodic coating, shall not be anodized as assemblies, unless the non-aluminum surfaces are
28、 masked or electrically insulated in a manner which produces anodic coatings meeting the requirements of this specification.组件的阳极氧化 除非在合同，订购单或适用图纸有特殊要求。在连接处或凹槽中会截留电解液的组件不能进行阳极氧化(组成组件的零件应单独阳极氧化，再进行装配)。如果在合同，订购单或适用图纸批准对组件进行阳极氧化，则使用的工艺方法结果不会由于截留的电解液二使组件受损。(除非规定氧化膜的种类，应采用I和IB类)。组件中包含非铝合金零件，例如钢、黄铜、或有机物之类
29、的，它会受到前处理、阳极氧化溶液的腐蚀或妨碍形成一致的氧化膜，除非非铝表面有遮蔽或者用电流绝缘方法使生成的氧化膜符合本规范要求。3.3.1.2 Anodizing of complex shapes. When anodizing complex shapes which will entrap the electrolyte in recesses, the processing method used shall not result in subsequent damage to the part from electrolyte entrapment (Type I or IA coa
30、tings shall be used unless another coating Type is specified).复杂形状的阳极氧化 在对凹槽会截留电解液的复杂零件进行阳极氧化时，采用的工艺应保证零件不应截留电解液造成相应的损害。(如果没有特殊要求，应采用I类或IB类氧化膜。)3.3.2 Handling and cleaning. Parts shall be so handled during all pretreatments, anodizing and post treatments that mechanical damage or contamination will
31、be avoided. Parts shall be free of all foreign substances, oxide and soils, such as greases, oil, paint and welding flux. Parts shall have oxide and other interfering films removed by the use of proper cleaning procedures so as to be clean and have water break free surfaces. Abrasives containing iro
32、n, such as steel wool, iron oxide rouge and steel wire, which may become embedded in the metal and accelerate corrosion of aluminum and aluminum alloys, are prohibited as a means of mechanical cleaning, prior to anodizing. If special cleaning requirements are required they shall be specified in the
33、contract or purchase order (see 6.2).搬运和清洁 在零件所有前处理，阳极氧化和后处理得过程中，要避免那些机械损伤和沾污。零件上应无异物，氧化物，泥土，油脂，油漆，焊药等。应用适当的方法清除氧化皮和其他中间膜。含有铁质(如铁绒，氧化铁和铁丝之类)研磨剂，它会嵌入金属中，会加速铝和铝合金的腐蚀，因此禁用铁质研磨剂作为阳极氧化前的机械清洁剂。如有特殊清洗要求，应会在合同或者订购单上注明(见6.2)。3.3.3 Reflective surfaces. When specified in the contract or purchaseorder (see 6.2)
34、, parts fabricated to produce a highly reflective surface shallbe chemically or electrochemically brightened, prior to anodic coating (see6.9).反射面 当合同或订购单中指明(见6.2)，加工零件具有高发射表面时，则在阳极氧化前进行化学物或电化学抛光(见6.9)3.3.4 Touch up (mechanical damage and contact marks). Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2), mechani
35、cally damaged areas from which the anodic coating has been removed without damage to the part may be touched up using chemical conversion materials approved on QPL-8l706 for Class IA coatings and the applicable method of application. Touch up shall apply only to inadvertent mechanical damage such as
36、 scratch marks. For Type III coatings, touch up shall only be allowed in areas which will not be subjected to abrasion (see6.1.1). The mechanically damaged area(s) shall not exceed 5 percent of the total anodized area of the item or touch up shall not be permitted. When specified in the contract or
37、purchase order (see 6.2), contact marks shall be touched up using the above method required for mechanical damage.修整(机加损伤和挂具点) 除非有特殊要求，对零件上造成阳极氧化膜损伤，但不损坏零件本身的机械损伤区域应使用QPL-817061I所认可的I类阳极氧化膜级的化学转换材料和适用的方法进行修整。修整只能对机加工损伤，像刮痕之类的。至于III类阳极氧化膜，只允许不磨损的区域进行修整(见6.6.1)。由机加工引起的损伤区域最多不能超过阳极氧化面积的5%，否则不允许进行修整。在合同
38、或者订购单(见6.2)注明有特殊要求的，挂具点应按机械损伤相同的方法进行修整。3.4 Coatings. Conventional anodic coatings as specified in the contract, purchase order or applicable drawings (see 6.2), shall be prepared by any process or operation to produce the specified coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys.氧化膜 根据合同、订购单或图纸要求的普通阳极氧化膜可以是
39、采用任何工艺来生成铝和铝合金上的阳极氧化膜。3.4.1 TypeI, IB, and IC coatings. Type I and IBcoatings shall be the result of treating aluminum and aluminum alloys electrolytically in a bath containing chromic acid to produce a uniform anodic coating on the metal surface. Type IC coatings shall be the result of treating alu
40、minum and aluminum alloys electrolytically in a bath containing mineral or mixed mineral/organic acids (non-chromic acid) to produce a uniform anodic coating on the metal surface. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, purchase order or applicable drawing, Type I coatings shall not be applied t
41、o aluminum alloys with a normal copper content in excess of 5.0 percent; nominal silicon contents in excess of 7.0 percent; or when the total allowable contents of nominal alloying elements exceed 7.5 percent. Heat treatable alloys which are to receive a Type I, IB, or IC coating shall be in the req
42、uired temper obtained by heat treatment, such as -T4, -T6, or T73, prior to anodizing.I,IB,和IC类氧化膜 I和IB类氧化膜应该是由铬酸电解液中对铝和铝合金里表面生成的均匀的阳极氧化膜。IC类氧化膜应该是在无机酸或无机/有机酸(非铬酸)的电解液中对铝和铝合金表面生成一层均匀的阳极氧化膜。除非在合同，订购单或适用图纸有特殊要求，I类氧化膜将不能应用在超过含铜5.0%的铝合金或含硅超过7.0%铝合金，或则允许的合金成分总含量超过7.5%铝合金的表面生成。对要求I,IB或IC类的可以热处理的铝合金，应在阳极氧化
43、前热处理退火，例如-T4，-T6，或T73。3.4.1.1 Type IC coatings. Type IC coatings provide a non-chromate alternative to Type I and IB coatings. Unless approved by the procuring activity, substitution of a Type IC coating where Type I or IB is specified shall be prohibited.IC类氧化膜 IC类氧化膜是TYPE I和IB非铬酸代替物。除非特许，IC类氧化物代替所
44、规定的I或IB类氧化膜是不允许的。3.4.2 Type II and lIB coatings. Type II and IIB coatings shall be the result of treating aluminum and aluminum alloys electroIytically in a bath containing sulfuric acid to produce a uniform anodic coating on the metal surface. Heat treatable alloys shall be in the requested temper
45、obtained by heat treatment, such as -T4, -T6, or T73, prior to anodizing.II和IIB类氧化膜 II和IIB类氧化膜应是在硫酸电解液中对铝和铝合金表面生成一层均匀的阳极氧化膜。对可热处理的铝合金应在阳极氧化前进行清洗。这种热处理退火可以是：-T4，-T6，或者T73。3.4.2.1TypelIB coatings. Type lI and IIB coatings provide a non-chromate alternative to Type I and IB coatings. Unless approved by
46、 the procuring activity, substitution of a Type lIB coating where Type I or IBis specified shall be prohibited.IIB类氧化膜 IIB类氧化膜是I类和IB类氧化膜非铬酸替代物。除非特许，禁止用IIB类氧化膜代替规定的I类和IB类氧化膜。3.4.3 Type III coatings. Type III coatings shall be the result of treating aluminum and aluminum alloys electrolytically to pro
47、duce a uniform anodic coating on the metal surface. Type III coatings shall be prepared byany process operation to produce a heavy dense coating of specified thickness on aluminum alloys (see 3.7.2.1). Unless otherwise specified in the contract, purchase order or applicable drawing, Type III coating
48、s shall not be applied to aluminum alloys with a nominal copper content in excess of 5 percent or a nominal silicon content in excess of 8.0 percent. Alloys with nominal silicon content higher than 8.0 percent may be anodized subject to approval of the procuring activity. Heat treatable alloys shall be in a temper obtained by heat treatment, such as -T4. -T6, or T73,prior to anodizing.III类氧化膜 III类氧化膜应是在电解液中铝和铝合金表面生成的一层均匀的氧化膜。III类氧化膜可又任何一种工艺在铝和铝合金表面生成一定厚度的非常致密的氧化膜(见3.7.2.1)。除非在合同，订购单或适用图纸有特殊要求，III类氧化膜不能再超过含铜5.0%或含硅超过8.0%铝合金上生成。如果硅含量高于8.0%的铝合金阳极氧化膜应经相关的采购部门批准。应热处