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1、Related Conception (相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词: 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子作什么成分名词在句子作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。The boy is Li Ming.主语表语Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主语同位语直接宾语 间接宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当
2、,这个句子就这个句子就叫叫名词性从句名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school
3、.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.( (主从主从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (宾从宾从) )( (表从表从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (定从定从) )( (主从主从) )_主语从句主语从句在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。
4、在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。注意：注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词上从属连词thatthat，不能省略。，不能省略。主语从句表示主语从句表示“是否是否” ” 只用只用“whether” whether” 而而不用不用“if”if”That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.Whether hell be able to come is not yet known.Why they have not left yet is not clear so fa
5、r.主语从句主语从句主语从句有时用主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。That he will come here is known to us.It is known to us that he will come here._表语从句表语从句在句中充当表语的从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在即放在be动词后面动词后面)叫做表语从句。叫做表语从句。注意：注意： 引导表语从句的连接词不省略。引导表语从句的连接词不省略。表语从句表示表语从句表示“是否是否” ” 只用只用“whether” whether” 而而不
6、用不用“if”if”The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.My question is whether Polly can find her way home The problem is how Polly is going to find us in the crowd._宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语或在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语或be+adj.后后宾语的句子叫做宾语从句宾语的句子叫做宾语从句I dont know （that） you will come here.You sh
7、ould first make sure of what had happened yesterday.I am glad (that) you like the present.I wonder if /whether it is a good idea.注意：注意：thatthat在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。或非正式的文体中常常被省去。Vt. Prep.Be +adj. 宾语从句宾语从句_我不知道他来不来。我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？他不
8、在乎天气是否好。他不在乎天气是否好。I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.注意：在宾语从句中，表示注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否是否”既可以用既可以用whether,whether,也可以用也可以用if.if.但是，但是，whetherwhether常与常与or or notnot连用；作介词宾语只用连用；作介词宾语只
9、用whether; whether; 从句是否从句是否定句时一般用定句时一般用ifif。宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用语时，一般用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。补后面。_同位语从句同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
10、同位语在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如从句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等抽象名词语后面，等抽象名词语后面，用来用来说明前面那个词的具体内容说明前面那个词的具体内容。同位语从句一般用。同位语从句一般用that来作连接词，而且不能省略来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用。也可用how, when, where, whether等。等。She had a feeling that she was being watched.The news that he couldnt come made
11、us upset.Whatever gave you the idea that I can sing?_试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1. 1. 定语从句，从句是不完整的，关系定语从句，从句是不完整的，关系词充当成分的；而同位语从句中的词充当成分的；而同位语从句中的thatthat只起连只起连接作用。接作用。 2. 2. 定语从句是对先行词起定语从句是对先行词起修饰修饰作用，作用，而同位语从句则而同
12、位语从句则解释说明解释说明先行词的先行词的具体内容具体内容。( (同从同从) )( (定从定从) )Tell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth consider
13、ing.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.同位语从句同位语从句同位从句同位从句定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句I. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences说出下列从句的功能：说出下列从句的功能：A: Appositive（同位（同位语）语）; B: Attributive（定语）（定语） His proposal that we go there on foot i
14、s acceptable. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent?5. Is this the company where your father works?6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence.7. He
15、 made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.BBB变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分考点考点 ：连接词的选择：连接词的选择 1. 连词： that, whether, if。 2. 连接代词： what, who, whom, whose, which等。 3. 连接副词： when, where, why, how等。方法和步骤（一找二看四如果） 1 找连词划从句,确定是名词性从句； 2 看从句中是否缺主，宾，表，定： 如果缺主，宾，
16、表，定，则选连接代词； 如果不缺主，宾，表，定， 则： 3 看主句句意是否完整，是否荐在疑问 如果主句句意完整，不荐在疑问则选: thatthat; 如果主句句意不完整，荐在疑问则选: whether,whether, 和连接副词：when,where,howwhen,where,how，whywhy指物缺主宾表语：what指人缺主语：who指人缺宾表语： whom, who指人或物缺定语：whose, what, which主宾表定状语不充当成份原则：从句中缺什么就补什么。原则：从句中缺什么就补什么。变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站
17、的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分It + be + 形容词形容词 that从句从句It is true/ clear/ obvious/ possible that从句从句（陈述语气）（陈述语气）It is necessary/ important/ natural that从句（虚拟语气从句（虚拟语气 ） Sb (should) do sth Sth (should) be done特别注意：特别注意：一、一、主语从句中主语从句中：It 作形式主语的固定句型：作形式主语的固定句型：It is true that the earth goes around the sun.It w
18、as necessary that you (should) ask for help when the task is too difficult.It was important that our work (should) be finished on time.变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分 It + be + -ed分词分词 that从句从句It is believed/ said/ reported/ known that （陈述语气）（陈述语气）It is advised/
19、suggested/ordered/ demanded / required that 从句（虚拟语气从句（虚拟语气 ） Sb (should) do sth Sth (should) be doneIt is believed that China is the most developing in the world.It is advised that people (should) smile every day.It was required that the house (should) be pulled down at once.变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样
20、与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分It + be + 名词名词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是It is a pity that 遗憾的是遗憾的是It + 不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that . 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起It seems that. 好
21、像好像.It matters that. 有关系有关系注意：当注意：当itit作形式主语时，引导主语从句的连作形式主语时，引导主语从句的连接词可省略。接词可省略。变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分特别注意：特别注意： 二、二、 that 引导名词从句在从句中不充当成份，只起连接作用，在引导名词从句在从句中不充当成份，只起连接作用，在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句不能省略，但主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句不能省略，但在宾语从句和在宾语从句和it作形式主语而主语从句后置作形式主语而主语从句后置的情
22、况下可省略；在由的情况下可省略；在由多个多个that 引宾引宾语从句中语从句中，只能省略第一个从句中的，只能省略第一个从句中的that.eg: Tom said (that) he enjoyed staying in the countryside and that he would come the next year. 三、三、whether 和和 if 1)whether 可引导所有名词性从句，而可引导所有名词性从句，而if只引导宾语从句；只引导宾语从句； 2) 引导宾语从句时，下列情况只用引导宾语从句时，下列情况只用 whether： (1)(1)在动词在动词discussdiscu
23、ss之后。之后。 (2)(2)在介词之后。在介词之后。 (3)(3)后面紧跟后面紧跟or notor not。 (4)(4)动词不定式前动词不定式前变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分四、四、 表语从句还可有表语从句还可有 because ,as if , as though 作引导词作引导词 That is because he was held back by the traffic. The reason why he was late was that he was held back
24、by the traffic. He looks as if/though he has known all.特别注意特别注意：变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1 在主语从句中： important necessary advised suggested ordered required that sb (should) dothat sth (should) be doneIt + be +It + be +that sb (should
25、) dothat sth (should) be done特别注意特别注意：变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分2 在表语从句中： My suggestion My advice My order My requirement eg. My suggestion is that you (should) all go out to play for a while. His order was that the task (should) be finished in two days.is t
26、hat sb (should) dothat sth (should) be done变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分3 在宾语从句中： suggest advise order require demandsbthat sb (should) dothat sth (should) be doneEg:He suggested that we (should) set off at once.He required that the bridge (should) be completed
27、 next year.变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分4 在同位语从句中： the suggestionthe advicethe orderthe demandthe requirement that sb (should) dothat sth (should) be doneHis suggestion that we (should help) the poor was accepted by all of us.The order that the money (should) b
28、e returned to the owner was given by the official.变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分特别注意特别注意：六、名词从句都用陈述语序六、名词从句都用陈述语序I wonder if you could help me.He asked when we would start out the next day.Did you find out where he lost his car?七、七、doubt ,possibility 用于疑问句和否定句中用
29、用于疑问句和否定句中用that 引导；引导；doubt 用于肯定句用用于肯定句用whether 引导。引导。There is no possibility that he will come on time.Is there any possibility that he will come on time?I dont doubt that he will come.I doubt whether he will come.变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分八、宾语从句中的否定转移八、宾语从
30、句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )1 1 主句的主语是第一人称主句的主语是第一人称2 2 如果宾语从句是由如果宾语从句是由think, believe, think, believe, imagine, supposeimagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。中的否定形式转移到主句中去。特别注意：特别注意：变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电
31、任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分特别注意：特别注意：九九、特殊疑问词特殊疑问词 + ever 的用法的用法whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however表泛指的概念，不需表泛指的概念，不需做出回答做出回答, 表示表示“无论无论.”；what, who, whom, which, when, where, how 则是特指的概念，有疑问，则是特指的概念，有疑问，希望回答。希望回答。_ wants to go to the picnic should sigh name here.I d
32、ont know _ will go to the picnic._ you do will be supported by me._ you will do will do great harm to others.WhoeverWhoWhateverWhat变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _
33、 the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because5. _ his drea
34、m of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that7. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming
35、 soonCDCABDB单项填空单项填空变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分 1. Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. (2011四川卷) A. why B. how C. what D. which 2. It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. (2011重庆卷) A. whether B. when C. which D. where