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1、GrammarGrammarthe Subjunctive Mood虚虚 拟拟 语语 气气We met in this room . Do come to the meeting next Friday .If I were you , I would study hard . 陈述语气陈述语气祈使语气祈使语气虚拟语气虚拟语气 英语动词有英语动词有 种语气种语气三三 虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形是一种特殊的动词形式式(verb structure), 用来表示说话用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实人所说的话不是一个事实 (fact)，而只是一种假设而只是一种假设(hypotheses )
2、愿望愿望(wishes)、建议、建议(suggestion) 或怀或怀疑疑(doubt)等等。等等。The definition of the Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5、虚拟语气时态的判定。、虚拟语气时态的判定。与与现在现在相反相反与与过去过去相反相反与与将来将来相反相反If从句从句主句主句did（be用用were)h
3、ad +donedid（be用用were)were to+ doshould +doWould do(should/could/might)Would /should/could / might +doWould have + done (should/could/might)1.If 引导的条件状语从句（引导的条件状语从句（1）If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.If I won the lottery now, I would buy
4、an expensive car. 现在事实相反现在事实相反过去事实相反过去事实相反将来事实相反将来事实相反If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had If it_ tomorrow, I wouldnt at
5、tend the party. A. rain B. rains C. had rained D. were to rain 注意注意: 含有含有 should 的条件句的条件句, 主主句可以句可以用一般现在时或一般用一般现在时或一般将来时将来时. 例如例如:nIf there should be another flood, what shall we do?nAsk her to leave a message if she should come.（2.）省略）省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him
6、 about it.If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Were I to meet him tomorrow, Should he fail in the experiment省略省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句If I had followed your advice, I wouldnt have made such foolish mistakes. Had I followed your advice,（3.）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。含蓄条件）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。含蓄条件句句
7、but that（要不是）、（要不是）、without（没有）、（没有）、otherwise（否则）、（否则）、or（不然）、（不然）、undercircumstances（在（在的情况下）、的情况下）、in the past（在过去）（在过去）相当于相当于if it werent/hadnt been for.e.g.: Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help. But for his help, we would be working now. Wi
8、thout your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. （4)有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，混合条件句主句与从句的动发生的时间不一致，混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫
9、做这叫做混合条混合条件句。件句。e.g.: If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去过去), it would be very cold today (现在现在).If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now. I wish I _ to have a word I
10、wish I _ to have a word with Danny when he was here with Danny when he was here last week.last week. had been ablehad been able should be able should be able have been able have been able were able were able How I wish I _ as well as How I wish I _ as well as she.she.shall sing shall sing can sing c
11、an sing could sing could sing A.A. should sing should sing（宾语从句中常见动词宾语从句中常见动词: 一个一个坚持坚持, 两个两个命命令令, 三个三个建议建议, 四个四个要求要求。即。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, desireWe suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should) be present.The king ord
12、ered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如果注意：如果suggest, insist不表示不表示“建议建议” 或或“坚持要某人做某事坚持要某人做某事”时，即它们用于时，即它们用于其本意其本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“坚持认为坚持认为”
13、时，时，宾语从句用陈述语气。宾语从句用陈述语气。His pale face suggested that he was illThe boy insisted that he was right.1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.obeywasbe sent（3）在主语从句表语从句，同位语从句中的应用）在主语从句表语从句，同位语从句中的应
14、用1）在）在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位从句中要用虚拟语等名词后面的表语从句、同位从句中要用虚拟语气，即（气，即（should）+动词原形。动词原形。 demand (要求要求), desire (请求请求),requirment (要求要求) advice (劝告劝告), recommendation (建议建议),suggestion (建议建议) order (命令命令) necessity (必要地必要地), preference (优先优先) proposal (计划计划), plan (计划
15、计划), idea (办法办法)， recommendation以及以及plan，idea，resolution等。等。 The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone The advice is that we (should 可省略，可省略，)leave at once. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. (idea, should + get) (表示做出主意表示做出主意) I mak
16、e a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 3. 状语从句状语从句 1)as ifas though引导的状语从句引导的状语从句 as ifas though（仿佛、好像）引起方式状语（仿佛、好像）引起方式状语从句，从句， a一般过去时一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反）（表示与现在事实相反） b过去完成时过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）（表示与过去事实相反） cwould do（表示与将来事实相反）（表示与将来事实相反） You look as if you had seen a ghostHe looks as if he w
17、ere his father.The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for many years. He seemed as though he had known everything.It looks as if it would be the last day for him.They talked and talked as if they would never meet again. Note: 如果句子表示的是陈述语气，事实则如果句子表示的是陈述语气，事实则要用陈述语气要用陈述语气e.g.: It looks a
18、s if it is going to rain because there are a lot of dark clouds.2)lestin case for fear that引导的状语引导的状语从句从句 lest（以防、以免）、（以防、以免）、in case（万一、（万一、以防）、以防）、for fear that（因恐、免得）引起的（因恐、免得）引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要使用（状语从句中，谓语动词要使用（should）do的形式。的形式。 The old woman walked slowly lest she（should）slip He took enough money fo
19、r fear that unexpected things should happen.He started out earlier lest he should be late.4. 定语从句定语从句Its (about/high) time +从句，表示从句，表示“该做而未做的事该做而未做的事”, 是一种婉转是一种婉转的建议的建议, 从句中的动词用一般过从句中的动词用一般过It is high time we began to work. Weve enjoyed the evening, but its time we went home.Its about time the boy l
20、earned to behave himself.虚拟语气特殊句型：虚拟语气特殊句型：5. if only 现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：did（were）had donewould do If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!6. would rather that现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come
21、. I would rather you came tomorrow.diddidhad done1. Without sunlight , or water or air , there _ no life on the earth . A will have B would be C can be D must be 2 But for the snow , we _ earlier . A will arrive B would have arrived C arrive D arrived 1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A.
22、 takes B. has to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldDB 判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2. 判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3. 判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间1. If he had not lost his money, he _ the piano last week. A. would buy B. had bought C. bought D. could have bought2. If we w
23、ere to be 200 years old, we _ everything. A. will change B. can change C. could change D. changed3. If you _ that film last night, you would not be so sleepy now. A. didnt see B. havent seen C. wouldnt seen D. hadnt seen4. You are late. If you _ a little minutes earlier, you _ him. A. came, would me
24、et B. had come, would have met C. came, would have met D. were to come, would meet5. But for the storm, we _ a pleasant journey. A. should have B. have had C. would have D. should have had 6. _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I7. Without the com
25、puter, the problem _ in such a short time. A. couldnt be solved B. wouldnt have solved C. couldnt have been solved 8. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. will be B. were to be C. would be D. is 9. “You are very selfish. Its high time you _ you are not the most important perso
26、n in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily. A. have realized B. realized C. realize D. should realize10. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept11.I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible . A f
27、inished B finishing C to finish D finish 12 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised. A should B would C must D could13. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go14.The teacher demanded that the exam _
28、before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished15.The commander ordered that we _ work. A. must finish B. finished C. should finish D. could finish16. Janes pale face suggested that he _ ill . A be B was C should be D is17.He insists he _right. A. were B. was C.
29、 be D. is18.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try19 She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq. A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to be left20.We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should be put off B. was put off
30、 C. should put off D. is to put off21. If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.(2010,天津天津)A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow22. John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him.(2010,重庆重庆) A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 23.
31、 If we _ the other road ,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.(2010,陕西陕西) A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken24. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .(2010,浙江浙江)A. would have been savedB. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved25. She s
32、ays shed rather he _tomorrow instead of today. A. had B. should leave C. leaves D. left26. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time_ ? A. we are going home B. if she leaves C. we went home D. if she had left27.He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 28. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 脚踏实地脚踏实地迎接高考迎接高考