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1、第二轮语法专项复习第二轮语法专项复习 专题专题3名词名词考 点 检 索 考 点 梳 理 课 时 作 业 参 考 答 案考 点 检 索 考 点 梳 理 近义名词的用法辨析近义名词的用法辨析1. family, home与与house2. problem与与question problem多指“习题；问题”，通常也指要解决或决定的问题，尤其指比较困难的问题、社会问题He will try his best to solve this problem.他将尽他最大努力去解决这个问题。question常指由于对某事感到疑惑不解而提出需要解答的问题，常与ask或answer连用May I ask a q
2、uestion? 我可以问个问题吗？3. message, information与与newsCan I take a message for Jim? 我可以为吉姆捎个口信吗我可以为吉姆捎个口信吗？He is searching for some information on the Internet. 他正在网上搜索信息他正在网上搜索信息。I want to tell you a piece of good news. 我想告诉你一条好消息我想告诉你一条好消息。4. job与与work【典题链接典题链接】（ ）1. 2017乌鲁木齐乌鲁木齐 If you can speak English
3、 well, you will have a great chance over others when looking for a _. A. work B. job C. office 【解析解析】 考查名词辨析考查名词辨析。句意句意：如果你能说一口流利的英语如果你能说一口流利的英语，你在找工作时你在找工作时就会比别人有更多的机会就会比别人有更多的机会。结合句意可知结合句意可知，此处指此处指“工作工作”，其前有其前有a，用用job。故选故选B。B（ ）2. 2017呼和浩特改编呼和浩特改编 The boy didnt find much _ about the topic on that
4、website.A. report B. article C. information 【解析解析】 考查名词辨析考查名词辨析。句意句意：这个男孩在那个网站上没有找到很多有关这这个男孩在那个网站上没有找到很多有关这个话题的信息个话题的信息。report报告报告；article文章文章；information 信息信息。故选故选C。C（ ）3. 2016绵阳改编绵阳改编 He was born in Germany, but he has made China his _.A. family B. house C. home【解析解析】 考查名词辨析考查名词辨析。句意句意：他出生在德国他出生在德
5、国，但他把中国当成他的家乡但他把中国当成他的家乡。family侧重家庭成员侧重家庭成员；house侧重住所侧重住所；home侧重环境侧重环境，表示表示“家家；家乡家乡；故乡故乡”。故选故选C。 4. 我有两条好消息告诉你！我有两条好消息告诉你！(汉译英汉译英) ) . . . . . .CI have two pieces of good news to tell you 名词的数名词的数 1. 可数名词可数名词可数名词所表示的人或事物可以用数来计算，有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词所表示的人或事物可以用数来计算，有单数和复数两种形式。(1)名词复数的规则变化名词复数的规则变化【闪记闪记】 名词
6、复数变名词复数变f/fe为为ve加加s的单词的单词树叶树叶( (leaf)半数半数( (half)自己自己( (self)黄黄，妻子妻子( (wife)拿刀拿刀( (knife)去杀狼去杀狼( (wolf)，架架( (shelf)后小偷后小偷( (thief)逃命忙逃命忙。 (2)名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化元音字母变化：元音字母变化：男女孩子男女孩子的的脚脚踩住踩住老鼠老鼠的的牙牙。manmen, womanwomen, childchildren, footfeet, mousemice, toothteeth各国人变复数：各国人变复数：中日中日不变不变英法英法变，其余变，其余
7、s加后面。加后面。ChineseChinese, JapaneseJapanese, EnglishmanEnglishmen, FrenchmanFrenchmen, GermanGermans, AmericanAmericans, IndianIndians以以o结尾的可数名词复数词尾加结尾的可数名词复数词尾加es的词：的词：英雄英雄(hero), 爱吃西红柿爱吃西红柿(tomato), 土豆土豆(potato)单复同形的可数名词：单复同形的可数名词：中国人中国人(Chinese), 日本人日本人(Japanese), 爱吃鱼爱吃鱼(fish), 羊羊(sheep), 鹿鹿(deer)(
8、3)名词复数的特殊形式名词复数的特殊形式【注意注意】 一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将中心词变为复数一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将中心词变为复数。如如：apple tree apple trees(苹果树苹果树) )；grown up grown ups(成年人成年人) )。但要注意的是但要注意的是：man driver men drivers(男司机男司机); ); woman doctor women doctors(女大女大夫夫) )。stomach的复数形式为的复数形式为stomachs, 因为词尾中的因为词尾中的ch发音为发音为/k/，而不是而不是/t/。(4)只用复数形式的名词只用复
9、数形式的名词【点拨点拨】 有些名词形式上虽是单数有些名词形式上虽是单数，意义上却是复数意义上却是复数。如如：people 人人民民， police 警察警察， public公众公众。有些名词及一些学科名词形式上是复数有些名词及一些学科名词形式上是复数，意义上却是单数意义上却是单数。如如：news消息消息，politics政治政治，physics物理物理。2. 不可数名词不可数名词不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化。主要包括物质不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化。主要包括物质名词和抽象名词两种。名词和抽象名词两种。(1)不可数名词的分类不可数名词的分类物质
10、名词食物bread, meat, rice, cheese, fish 饮品milk, water, cola, coffee, wine自然物质air, soil, sand, wood抽象名词情感love, peace, friendship, joy概念exercise, knowledge, population学科math(s), geography, physics, chemistry(2)不可数名词的计量形式不可数名词的计量形式基数词基数词/不定冠词不定冠词量词量词of不可数名词。但数词决定量词单复数形式。如：不可数名词。但数词决定量词单复数形式。如：a glass of wa
11、ter 一杯水一杯水a piece of news 一则新闻一则新闻two pairs of glasses 两副眼镜两副眼镜three pieces of advice 三条建议三条建议【典题链接典题链接】（ ）5. 2019山西山西 To keep our city beautiful, the _ are always very busy in the streets. We shouldnt throw rubbish everywhere.A. policemen B. cleaners C. drivers 【解析解析】 考查名词辨析考查名词辨析。句意句意：为了保持我们城市的美丽为
12、了保持我们城市的美丽，清洁工总是在街清洁工总是在街上忙碌着上忙碌着。我们不应该到处扔垃圾我们不应该到处扔垃圾。policeman 警察警察；cleaner清洁工清洁工；driver司机司机。故选故选B。B（ ）6. 2016恩施恩施 May I take your order, sir? _.A. Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rices B. Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rice C. Chickens with vegetable and two bowl of rices 【解析解析
13、】 考查名词的数考查名词的数。句意句意：先生先生，您现在可以点餐吗您现在可以点餐吗？带蔬菜带蔬菜的鸡肉和两碗米饭的鸡肉和两碗米饭。chicken意为意为“鸡肉鸡肉”时时，是不可数名词是不可数名词，无复数形式无复数形式；vegetable是可数名词是可数名词，其复数形式为其复数形式为vegetables; rice意为意为“米饭米饭；大米大米”，是不是不可数名词可数名词。故选故选B。 B7. 2019青岛青岛 Keeping English . . (日记日记) is a good way to improve English. (根据句意和汉语提示完成句子根据句意和汉语提示完成句子) )8.
14、这里有一个错误，这个数字当中多了两个零。这里有一个错误，这个数字当中多了两个零。(汉译英汉译英) ) . . .diariesThere is a mistake .This number has two more zero(e)s 名词的所有格名词的所有格所有格表示所属关系，修饰另一名词，作定语。它有两种形式：所有格表示所属关系，修饰另一名词，作定语。它有两种形式：名词后加名词后加s，表示有生命的事物。，表示有生命的事物。名词后加名词后加of短语，多用于表示无生命的事物。短语，多用于表示无生命的事物。1名词所有格的构成名词所有格的构成2.名词所有格的运用名词所有格的运用【闪记闪记】 名词所有
15、格的用法名词所有格的用法英语名词所有格英语名词所有格，表示某物是表示某物是“谁的谁的”，巧记构成有方法巧记构成有方法，多数要把多数要把s加加，复数有复数有s作词尾作词尾，只加只加“”就就OK，名词若为无生命名词若为无生命，常把常把of来运用来运用，时间时间、地点和距离地点和距离，所有格也可用所有格也可用s。【拓展拓展】 两种所有格的异同两种所有格的异同(1)相同相同：表示所属关系时，：表示所属关系时，s所有格与所有格与“of名词名词”所有格可以相互代替。如：所有格可以相互代替。如：the boys arrivalthe arrival of the boy 男孩的到来男孩的到来(2)区别区别：
16、某些特定的用法中必须用某些特定的用法中必须用s所有格或者所有格或者“of名词名词”所有格所有格。如：。如：Li Huas brother, a doctor, is very good at English. 李华的哥哥李华的哥哥/弟弟弟弟，一名医生一名医生，擅长英语擅长英语。Have you seen the new car of the boy who talked with me just now? 你看到刚才你看到刚才与我谈话的那个男孩的新车了吗与我谈话的那个男孩的新车了吗？表示分类时表示分类时，用用s所有格所有格；表示同位关系时表示同位关系时，用用“of名词名词”所有格所有格。如：。
17、如：a doctors degree 博士学位博士学位 the city of Beijing 北京市北京市【典题链接典题链接】（ ）9. 2019青海青海 Whose jackets are these? They are _. They said they lost them yesterday.A. Li Leis and Li TaoB. Li Lei and Li Taos C. Li Leis and Li Taos 【解析解析】 考查名词所有格考查名词所有格。句意句意：这些是谁的夹克这些是谁的夹克？它们是李雷的它们是李雷的和李涛的和李涛的。他们说昨天丢了夹克他们说昨天丢了夹克。答
18、语中的答语中的them指代指代jackets，可推断李雷和可推断李雷和李涛都丢了衣服李涛都丢了衣服，“ones and ones可数名词的复数可数名词的复数”表示两个人各自拥有的表示两个人各自拥有的事物事物。故选故选C。C（ ）10. 2019临沂临沂 If I leave my house at 9 oclock and drive to the airport, Ill arrive at about 11. So its about two _ drive from my house to the airport. A. hours B. hours C. hours 【解析解析】 考查
19、名词所有格考查名词所有格。句意句意：如果我如果我9点离开家开车去机场点离开家开车去机场，我将在我将在11点点左右到达左右到达。所以从我家到机场大约有两个小时的车程所以从我家到机场大约有两个小时的车程。 “基数词基数词名词所有格名词所有格可数名词的单数可数名词的单数”，two后接可数名词的复数的所有格后接可数名词的复数的所有格。故选故选A。A（ ）11. 2017天水改编天水改编 The online shop sells _ shoes at a very low price.A. child and mens B. children and mensC. childrens and mens
20、【解析解析】 考查名词所有格考查名词所有格。句意句意：网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。childrens和和mens共同修饰共同修饰shoes。故选故选C。C12. 2019鄂州鄂州 A Chinese father made some nice dresses for his daughter with his (wife) old shirts. (用所给单词的适当形式填空用所给单词的适当形式填空) )13. 妇女节就快要到了。你打算给你妈妈买什么礼物呢？妇女节就快要到了。你打算给你妈妈买什么礼物呢？(汉译英汉译英) ) . . . .wifesW
21、omens Day is comingWhat do you plan to buy for your mother？ 易错盘点名词的双重所有格易错盘点名词的双重所有格(1)“of名词名词s”修饰前面的名词，这种结构叫名词双重所有格。修饰前面的名词，这种结构叫名词双重所有格。(2)双重所有格与双重所有格与of所有格表达的意义差别不大，但双重所有格侧重表示部分概所有格表达的意义差别不大，但双重所有格侧重表示部分概念，而念，而of所有格只表示所属关系。如：所有格只表示所属关系。如：a friend of her mothers 她母亲的一个朋友她母亲的一个朋友( (强调只是她母亲朋友中的一个强调只
22、是她母亲朋友中的一个) )a friend of her mother 她母亲的一个朋友她母亲的一个朋友( (强调是她母亲的朋友强调是她母亲的朋友) )【典题链接典题链接】14. 我哥哥的三个同学已经找到了好工作。我哥哥的三个同学已经找到了好工作。(根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子) ) . . my brothers have found good jobs.15. 她的几个朋友明天将到这儿来。她的几个朋友明天将到这儿来。 (汉译英汉译英) ) . . .Three classmates ofSome friends of hers will come here tomorrow课
23、时 作 业 一、语法填空一、语法填空( )1. Ghaffar Pourazar, born in Iran, said he has been a big fan of Bruce Lee since he was a child and is full of _ about China. A. interest B. interested C. interesting( )2. We must find out some _ about the missing people as soon as possible. A. suggestion B. information C. messa
24、geAB( )3. Did you have fun on the school trip last week? Yes, we milked cows and fed _. Luckily, we saw many _ at the foot of the hill. A. chickens; sheeps B. chickens; sheep C. chicken; goat( )4. Mum, Im hungry. May I have some _？ Sure. But dont eat too many. A. hamburger B. cakes C. rice( )5. How
25、far is it from Changsha to London? Its about _ flight from Changsha to London. A. twelvehourslong B. twelve hour long C. twelve hoursBBC( )6. The tall man with a big nose is _ classmate. Lets go and say “hello” to him. A. Tom and Carl B. Toms and Carls C. Tom and Carls( )7. In _ time, there will be
26、more electric cars in our city. Really? There must be less _ then. A. few year; buses B. a few years; pollution C. a few years; accidentsCB( )8. Where are you going, Amy? _. A. To my uncle B. To my uncles C. At my uncle( )9. Help yourself to some _. Thank you. I really like them. A. fish B. orange C
27、. cakes( )10. Why didnt July do her homework last night? She said that her hand hurt, but that was only a(n) _. I saw her play computer games with friends cheerfully this morning. A. matter B. excuse C. resultBCB( )11. This is a photo of _ when they were young. Oh, how happy they both looked! A. my
28、father and mother B. my mother and fathers C. my mothers and fathers( )12. Whose bags are they? They are those _ bags. Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visitorsAC( )13. At the foot of the hill, you can hear nothing but the _of the running water. What a beautiful and peaceful pla
29、ce! A. sound B. noise C. voice( )14. Jack found a good _ after graduating from college, and now he _ as a banker. A. work; works B. job; works C. job; work( )15. I have many WeChat friends. How about you? I have only three WeChat friends. One is _， the other two are _. A. Japanese; American B. Russi
30、an; Germany C. English; FrenchmenABC( )16. I was told your class had 3 newcomers. Yes.One is _， the other two are _. A. Japan; Germany B. Japanese; German C. Japanese; Germans( )17. Its really good _ for football lovers that there will be more soccer schools in our country. A. news B. thing C. messa
31、ge( )18. How many _ teachers are there in your school? _ them is over two hundred. A. women; A number of B. women; The number of C. woman; A number ofCAB( )19. Whats your favorite food? I like _ best. I had a large bowl last night. A. tomato noodle B. tomatoes noodles C. tomato noodles( )20. When I
32、got to the airport, the lady at the window told me that there were no _ left on that plane. A. place B. seats C. spaceCB二、根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空二、根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1. Two more_(library) will be built in our city next year. Great! Well have another good place to go on weekends.2. Here is a card for y
33、ou with our best _ (wish) Wow, thats so moving. Thank you!3. When he returned to Britain two months ago, he brought back from _ (Chinese) many _(dictionary), paintings and _ (photo)4. The _ (knife) are made in China.5. I brush my_ (tooth) every day.librarieswishesChinadictionariesphotosknivesteeth6.
34、 _( (hero) appeared one after another after the big earthquake.7. After three _(month) study, the scientists worked out the physics problem.8. David is one of the most helpful _( (student) that weve ever had.9. Many people lost their _( (life) in the accident.10. When is _(teacher) Day? Its on next Wednesday, September 10th. I plan to visit my teachers then.HeroesmonthsstudentslivesTeachers点击进入点击进入wordword链接链接课 时 作 业