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1、The high accuracy automobile body examines has - Three coordinates measuring enginesThe automobile body examination is in the automobile industry about the spare part examination important part, this examination directly is relating the entire vehicle outward appearance and the quality Three coordin
2、ates measuring engines generally have the high accuracy, the high velocity, the very good flexibility, the very strong dataprocessing and adapt the scene environment ability, is inparticularrich the software function which, unceasingly expands, at present moreand more applications in automobile body
3、 examination. The automobile body examines characteristic Automobile body in processing and in craft assembly process, becauseeach kind of host objective factor can have various error, besidesoperator itself skill and experience and so on subjective factorinfluence, but also has some becausexaminati
4、on method itself createsinfluence. Some two kind of quite typical situations: First, theautomobile body and its composition each kind of spare part mostly forthe plate work, the work piece rigidity is generally worse, Also on automobile body surface each kind of hole and the relativesize are been at
5、 the earth gravity influence the strained condition,if the use tradition survey way and the jig method often are unable tothis kind of nature distortion to survey and the appraisal, even ifsurvey and appraisal, also can appear a bigger deviation. Its two, theautomobile body is the multi- kinds of wo
6、rk in a factory jobassembly system, is very difficult avoids when the single unitexamination to have the deviation.In view of the fact that the above reason, the request which examinesto the automobile body mainly has: Locates reasonably; The holeexamination contains two contents: Aperture size, hol
7、e position;Contour inspection: Because this kind of components outline generallyassumes the free curved surface, not characteristic and so on rule,needs to adopt the many kinds of ways according to the specialdetails; Draws a line the way inspection work piece outline, thesituation is similar with t
8、he inspection hole; Treats measured thecomponents need to clamp. The tradition examines has generally only aims at a parameterexamination, are many is the manual operation, the working efficiencyis not high. Moreover, the tradition examines has and the examinationhas many insufficiencies with the ji
9、g, does not have monitors on theproduction line to move the situation ability, therefore in theautomobile body and so on in the large-scale weldment examination andthe survey application, the tradition examines has has gradually lostthe dominant position, displaces is the high accuracy threecoordina
10、tes measuring engine. Three coordinates measuring engines in automobile body examinationapplication Three coordinates measuring engines are through poke head in thesystem and the work piece relative migration, surveys the work piecetable flour dim sum three dimensional coordinates the measurementsys
11、tem. Besides the measuring engine main body part, the system alsoincludes the transportation, the attire clamps and so on to assist thelink, and must in survey software under the coordination to be able tocomplete the request the survey duty. Three coordinates measuring engines generally have the hi
12、gh accuracy,the high velocity, the very good flexibility, the very strong dataprocessing and adapt the scene environment ability, is in particularrich the software function which, unceasingly expands, all theseenabled CMM to play the increasingly major role in the automobile bodyquality control. Esp
13、ecially in today passenger vehicle productionworkshop, three coordinates measuring engines has used on theproduction line, but is not the use in is far away the scene thesurvey in. In the pressing part production workshop, uses the proportion whichthree coordinates measuring engines examines to cros
14、s one half, somelarge-scale complex work pieces are examined the proportion to behigher. The weldment certainly is not each kind all needs to carry onthe examination, but in must receive these automobile bodies whichcontrols always to become, uses three coordinates measuring engines tocarry on the i
15、nspection the proportion even to achieve 2/3. Uses inthree coordinate measurement system which in the production processexamines to become the technological process in fact a constituent. Three coordinates measuring engines type and characteristic At present, in the world provides the specialized ex
16、amination plan forthe automobile profession automobile body examination the mostwell-known factory family belongings to be Italian DEA Corporation,and in impetus automobile body research and white automobile bodythe size examination aspect has made the prominent contribution. Theapplication characte
17、ristic examines which in view of the automobilebody, DEA developed adapted the automobile to examine each link eachkind of design, added aims at the software function which the platework characteristic established, Can for the automobile body development, the trial manufacturing, thepart/sub-assembl
18、y/always become the examination, the on-lineexamination as well as the quality control provides the safeguard. The commonly used three coordinates measuring engine mainly has thehorizontal arm measuring engine, the bascule bridge type measuringengine and fixes the Dragon Gate measuring engine. Horiz
19、ontal armmeasuring engine divides the double horizontal arm and the listhorizontal arm two kinds, mainly uses in to the automobile body andthe large-scale plate work survey, also observable center small. Thebascule bridge type measuring engine precision is higher, mainly usesin to the shape complex
20、thin wall work piece, Specially is suitable to is producing the scene carries on the on-linesurvey to the middle and small scale pressing part and the weldment.Fixes the Dragon Gate measuring engine the precision to be higher thanthe horizontal arm measuring engine, mainly uses in like the aviation,
21、the automobile and so on the tall and slender survey.The examination uses the flexible jig according to surveys the request, formulateseach kind of localization and clamps the plan, meets must manufacturesome jigs, then according to the existing plan, in three coordinatesmeasuring engines work floor
22、, locates these and the clamp builds,establishes behind the survey coordinate system in this foundation tobe possible to survey. This traditional procedure existence deliverycycle long, the deficient flexibility, the change expense high, thestorage expense is big and so on the shortcoming. The moder
23、nization large-scale, the multi- varieties automobileproduction request flexible jig system may use in any measuring engine(bracket or vertical arm); Moreover it does not need and theexamination supposes has special electrical and the software joint.This kind of jig system maintenance convenient, th
24、e use is simple. The commonly used flexible jig system has two kinds, the first kind isthe programmable column promotion, the second kind is mechanical typemodule joining together. Also has in the first kind entire isautomatic and the manual division, but the second kind also has thedifferent struct
25、ural style. The entire automatic flexible attire clamps the systemEntire automatic flexible attire clamps the system take DEA theproduction FIVE (like chart 3) as an example, its main body part isgroup of circular cylinders, in sufficient compressed air, if turns onthe air valve, the base namely for
26、ms the air cushion, the columnphysical ability livelily moves in the platform, also highly variables, the height of lift biggest one kind is 500mm; The peak matches the standardized strut, with by load bearing work piece. Underthe shut-down condition, these circular cylinders neatly set to coordinat
27、es measuring engine platform behind.This system when movement, consummates software and the automatic operation function with the aid of FIVE moves one by one the circularcylinder to platform in some establishes in advance the position;After the circular cylinder according to is definite X, Y, the Z
28、coordinates stops supposes the fixed point in the platform, measured a manipulator starts upwardly, namely along the Z axis migration, promotes the column in vivo piston to the stipulation altitude; Procedure beforehand establishes which through the execution, X, Y,the Z coordinates on have establis
29、hed in the coordinates measuringengine survey space. So long as in view of the different work piece establishment corresponding procedure, the FIVE system can satisfy each kind of work piece the strut, the attire clamps the request, has demonstrated theenormous flexibility, namely flexibility. The m
30、anual flexible attire clamps the system The FIVE automatic systems also have the obvious insufficiency, one isthe user investment big, two is although the operating process for entire is automatic, but the working efficiency is not certainly high. In recent years promoted the manual flexible attire
31、to clamp thesystem, was similar to the FIVE system, according to was measured the work piece the different situation first established the correspondingprocedure, The measuring engine measured gradually enters ，the operator then artificially moves the circular cylinder to measured under, the manual
32、promotion to aims at survey on to assign the position again, then installs the modular strut cartridge, this kind of system compared to entire automatic jig system working efficiency high, the efficiency is also good.On servosystem and so on yummy treats On yummy treats system including conveyer bel
33、t, axle vehicle and power department classification. Installs on the yummy treats system inmeasuring engine around, the reference and the assembly line position,on the yummy treats may carry on in any side. Thus, the down time, namely the spatial running time reduces to few, enhanced the working eff
34、iciency. When treats measured the thin wall when surveys the location examines, the next thin wall is installed in 上料 the location load bearing platform, but completes after the survey circulation, this on automatically emigrates surveys the region, installs the new workpiece second platform to move
35、 in. According to surveys the duty the need, in the load bearing platform also may establish measures astorehouse, also may in examine in a complex work piece process to measure the head through the replacement, time completes the task.General surveys software and special-purpose survey software Pre
36、liminary survey software is the coordinates measuring engine necessary slightly disposes software. It responsibly completes the entire measurement system the management, adjusts, the coordinate system establishment and the transformation, the input output management, the basic geometry essential fac
37、tor size and the shape position common difference appraisal as well as the element constitution basic function including the probe. (The shape position common difference includes: The straight dimension, flatness, roundness, the column, the line outline, the surface outline, the parallelism, the ver
38、ticality, the gradient, position, coaxial (heart), the symmetry, the circle beat, all beats)Special-purpose survey software is aims at some kind software which has the specific use the spare part survey question to develop, for example: Gear, thread, free curve and free curved surface and so on. Gen
39、erally also has some attached software modules, for example: The statistical analysis, the error examine, compensates, CAD and so on.The advanced measurement and examination software may need to provide the perfect solution for the measurement, is highly effective correctly completes the examination
40、 function the key aspect. If thick-DMIS survey software operation contact surface is succinct, may instruct the user to carry on the components programming, the parameter establishment and the work piece examination; At the same time, its integrated graph function, can examine the data production vi
41、sible graph report; Also may transplant traditional survey software, and provides ties up software and so on plan like MM4, TUTOR. In addition also includes each kind of plate work and the plastic glass and the fitting completeset survey procedure, as well as automatically seeks the surveyelement, r
42、eal-time three dimensional measured compensates, the automatic compensation distortion work piece superficial position andthe direction and so on; And distorts the big work piece hole search function to the plate work, Namely controls the measuring engine the region to seek several effective geometr
43、ies shapes nearby the theory hole center, has had the intellectualized characteristic. This software also has the formidable CAD graph function, the permission user uses the three dimensional CAD data, off-line or on-line production work piece examination procedure, simultaneously completes the grap
44、h work piece model and the survey way simulation, produces the computer digital-analog to complete the reversion project.高精度的车身检具-三坐标测量机车身检测是汽车工业中关于零部件检测的重要部分，该项检测直接关系着整车的外观和质量。三坐标测量机普遍具有高精度、高速度、很好的柔性、很强的数据处理和适应现场环境的能力，尤其是丰富的、不断扩展的软件功能，目前愈来愈多的应用于汽车车身检测中。 车身检测的特点汽车车身在加工和工艺装配的过程中，由于各种主客观因素都会存在各种各样的误差，
45、除了操作者本身的技能和经验等主观因素的影响外，还有一些由于检测方法本身所造成的影响。有两种比较典型的情况：一、车身及其组成的各种零部件大多为钣金件，工件的刚性一般较差，且车身表面上的各种孔和相对尺寸受地球引力的影响而处于变形状态，若使用传统的测量方式和夹具方法往往对这种自然变形无法测量和评价，即使测量和评价，也会出现较大的偏差。其二、汽车车身装配件是多工种加工件组装的系统，很难避免在单件检测时存在偏差。鉴于上述原因，对车身检测的要求主要有：定位合理；孔的检测包含两项内容：孔径大小，孔的位置；外形检查：由于该类零件轮廓普遍呈自由曲面、不规则等特征，需要根据具体情况采取多种方式；以划线方式检查工件
46、的轮廓，情况与检查孔相似；待测零件需要夹紧。传统检具一般只针对一项参数检验，多为手工操作，工作效率不高。另外，传统的检具及检测用夹具存在诸多的不足，不具备监控生产线上运行情况的能力，所以在车身等大型焊接件的检测及测量应用中，传统检具已渐渐失去主导地位，取而代之的是高精度的三坐标测量机。 三坐标测量机在车身检测中的应用 三坐标测量机是通过探头系统与工件的相对移动，来探测工件表面点三维坐标的测量系统。除测量机主体部分外，系统还包括输送、装夹等辅助环节，并必须在测量软件的配合下才能完成要求的测量任务。 三坐标测量机普遍具有高精度、高速度、很好的柔性、很强的数据处理和适应现场环境的能力，尤其是丰富的、
47、不断扩展的软件功能，这一切使CMM在车身质量控制中发挥了愈来愈大的作用。尤其在今天的轿车生产车间里，三坐标测量机已使用在生产线上，而不是使用在远离现场的测量间内。在冲压件生产车间中，采用三坐标测量机检测的比例已过一半，一些大型的复杂工件受检比例更高。焊接件并不是每种都需要进行检验的，但在必须受控的那些车身总成中，利用三坐标测量机进行检查的比例甚至达到三分之二。用于生产过程中检测的三坐标测量系统事实上已成为工艺过程的一个组成部分。 三坐标测量机的种类和特点 目前，世界上为汽车行业车身检测提供专业检测方案的最知名厂家当属意大利DEA公司，并在推动汽车车身研究和“白车身”的尺寸检测方面作出了突出贡献
48、。针对汽车车身检测的应用特点，DEA开发了适应汽车检测每个环节的各种设计，加之以针对钣金件特征而设定的软件功能，能够为车身的开发、试制、部件/分总成/总成检测、在线检测以及质量控制提供保障。 常用的三坐标测量机主要有水平臂测量机、活动桥式测量机和固定龙门型测量机。其中水平臂测量机又分双水平臂和单水平臂两种，主要用于对车身和大型钣金件的测量，也可测中小件。活动桥式测量机精度较高，主要用于对形状复杂的薄壁工件，特别适用于在生产现场对中小型冲压件和焊接件进行在线测量。固定龙门型测量机的精度高于水平臂测量机，主要用于如航空、汽车等细长件的测量。检测用柔性夹具 传统夹具做法是每次在测量零件以前，首先根据
49、测量要求，制定各种定位及夹紧方案，接着就要制作一些夹具，然后按照既定方案，在三坐标测量机的工作台面上，把这些定位及夹紧装置搭建起来，在此基础上建立测量坐标系后方可测量。这种传统的做法存在交货周期长、缺乏灵活性、更改费用高、储存费用大等缺点。 现代化大规模、多品种汽车生产要求的柔性夹具系统可用于任何测量机（悬臂或垂直臂）；而且它不需要与检测设备有特殊的电气和软件的联结。这类夹具系统维护方便，使用简单。 常用的柔性夹具系统有两类，第一类是可编程的圆柱提升型，第二类是机械式模块拼合型。在第一类中又有全自动和手动之分，而第二类也还有不同结构形式。全自动柔性装夹系统以DEA生产的FIVE全自动柔性装夹系统（如图3）为例，其主体部分是一组圆柱体，内充压缩空气，若打开气阀，底部即形成气垫，圆柱体能在平台上轻快地移动，且高度可变，提升高度最大一种是500mm；顶端配以标准化的支撑，用以承载工件。在非工作状态下，这些圆柱体整齐地置于坐标测量机平台的后部。该系统在运行时，借助FIVE完善的软件和自动操作功能将圆柱体一个一个地移至平台上的某个预先设定位置；当圆柱体按确定的X、Y、Z坐标停在平台