《谈谈商务英语的特点 商务英语专业毕业论文--.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《谈谈商务英语的特点 商务英语专业毕业论文--.doc(11页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、目录中文载要.1英文载要.2提纲.3正文4参考文献.5谈谈商务英语的特点商务英语的词法、句法、结构及行文规范等层面分析、归纳 商务英语的几个显著的文体风格,并就商务信函的 写作谈若干细节问题。 社会语言学派在归纳语体的成因时,把题材内容列为重要的决定因素之一。是否存在一种特殊的 商务英语语体,学术界尚有争议。但有一点是很清楚的,那就是作为商务活动中使用的语言, 商务英语有一套遣词、用句和行文规范上的特点On the study of the characteristic of business English and its E-C translation skillsAlthough we
2、are keen to meet your requirement,we regret that we are unable to comply with your request to reduce the prices as our prices are closely calculated.Even if there is difference between our process and those of other suppliers,you will find it profitable to buy from us because the quality of our prod
3、ucts is far better than any other foreign makes in your district商务英语的特点本文从商务英语的词法、句法、结构及行文规范等层面分析、归纳 商务英语的几个显著的文体风格,并就商务信函的 写作谈若干细节问题。 社会语言学派在归纳语体的成因时,把题材内容列为重要的决定因素之一。是否存在一种特殊的 商务英语语体,学术界尚有争议。但有一点是很清楚的,那就是作为商务活动中使用的语言, 商务英语有一套遣词、用句和行文规范上的特点。现根据一些 商务英语教材、贸易谈判案例及笔者在学习、授课中的体会,谈谈外贸英语行文特点以及处理有关译写问题具体办法。
4、 1. 准确性(accurate) 无论是贸易谈判抑或是书信往来,商务英语力求用词正确、内容清楚、说明具体、叙述完整。商务活动涉及贸易双方的责任、权力、义务、风险和利益等利害关系,而且纪要、备忘、函电等文字材料往往又是各种贸易单证、合同合法有效的依据。因此,这些材料的格式、内容、文字,甚至标点符号的任何错误、纰漏都可能导致灾难性后果。长期以来,应商务活动严肃性的需要,商务英语形成一套措辞、行文的规范。 1.1注意选词选用词义具体、明确的单词和短语,不卖弄辞藻,不矫饰情感,充分、客观、如实地表明意图,说明情况。比如要表达“我们会很快告知你方”这个意思时,说“We shall let 一. 引言二
5、. 商务英语的特点1. 商务英语文体风格2. 商务英语语言特点3. 上午英语的文化意识三商务英语译汉翻译技巧1. 联系上下文正确选择词义2. 增词法3. 省略法you know soon”就比“We shall advise you at an early date”显得语义清晰。再例如下句: We have recently received a number of complaints from our customers about your fountain pens.The pens are clearly not giving satisfaction,and in some ca
6、ses,we have had to refund the purchase price.(最近我们收到顾客的投诉,反映你们钢笔质量问题,有些情况下我们不得不向你方要求退款。)通过使用complaints,not giving satisfaction和refund几个词,原句较为准确地陈述事实,亮明观点,表达意见,而且语气不愠不火,不卑不亢,是正常交涉贸易争端的分寸。如果换用claim(索赔)、inferior quality(质量低劣)、compensate(赔偿)等词,就显得用词帽大三分,虽气势汹汹,其实除了伤害感情,僵化局面,一点也无助于事情的解决。 1.2使用衔接语使用衔接语(log
7、ical connections),使文章条理清楚,层次分明,思路连贯,增强语言的说服力。例如下段文字: Although we are keen to meet your requirement,we regret that we are unable to comply with your request to reduce the prices as our prices are closely calculated.Even if there is difference between our process and those of other suppliers,you will
8、find it profitable to buy from us because the quality of our products is far better than any other foreign makes in your district.(尽管我们热切地向满足你方的要求,然而,由于我们的价格已经精打细算,的确不能再予消减,即使别人的产品价格优惠一些,购买我们的产品仍然是有利可图的,因为在贵地区销售的外国产品中,我们的产品质量最为上乘。)全段文字有两个层次:第一层次的主旨是拒绝减价,通过although和as引导的条件和原因状语从句,阐述了说话人主观上良好出发点与实际困难之
9、间的矛盾,委婉而 礼貌地表达主旨。第二层次则是劝说对方购买自己的产品,even if和 because两个从句同样阐明了价高但质优这一事实,有效地打消了对方的顾虑。全段文章思维缜密,逻辑性强,令人感觉言之有理。 2.简洁(concise) 简洁是指 商务英语行文简明扼要。注意缩略迂回、晦涩的文句。删减虚浮、沉腐的字眼,开门见山,直奔主题。这样既便于一般的贸易从业人员理解,又能减轻文案人员的负担。近年来,随着电报、电话、电传、电子数据交换(EDI)的广泛使用以及国际互联网(internet)上电子邮件(email)引入贸易活动,人们进一步要求作为信息载体的语言要方便、实用。一方面能快捷地传递信息
10、,另一方面相应降低通讯费用。所以当今的 商务英语越来越呈现处一种口语化(colloquial)和非正式(informal)的倾向,其特征是: 2.1直接切入主题商务信函等径直切入主题,直截了当。这种文风可以从舒心的起首句看得很明显。例如: Our company is one of the largest traders in the above products.(我公司使上述产品的最大经销商之一。)该起首语介绍公司经营的产品,承接对方来信,直接点明涉及的问题,笔墨经济,效果不凡。 2.2避繁就简避繁就简,删除不必要的、华而不实的语句,无关痛痒的修饰成分,能用短语的不用从句,能用简单词汇就不
11、用复杂词汇。试比较下面例句表达的繁简区别。 (1)We express our regret at being unable to fulfill your order on this occasion with our customary promptness. (由于我们不能按惯例迅速地执行你方的订单,我们特此致歉。) (2)We are sorry we cannot meet your present order immediately.(很抱歉,我们无法立即执行你们现在的订单。) 2.3使用换称、替代和缩略较为广泛地使用换称(alias)、替代(pro-form)和缩略(abbrev
12、iation)。例如: (1)We wish to place with you a repeat order for 1000 metric ton of walnut meat. In case the said goods are not available form stock(我们想向你方续订1000公吨核桃仁。如果上述货物缺货的话)文中的the said goods换称1000 metric ton of walnut meat。 (2)We have examined your proposal to place order for a guaranteed minimum nu
13、mber of bicycles in turn for a special allowance,but after considering if carefully(我们已获悉你方以保证订购最低限额的自行车来换取我方特别优惠的建议,经慎重考虑),it替代上文中的proposal to place order for a guaranteed minimum number of bicycles in turn for a special allowance. (3)With reference to the 4,000 doz. shirts under our sales confirma
14、tion no. c215,V wish to draw ur attention to the fact that the shipment must be made before 16 Jan.(关于我方第c215号销售确认书项下的4000打衬衫,我们提醒你方注意,必须在一月十六日前发货。)文中的doz.,V,ur 分别是dozen,we,your的缩略形式。 3. 礼貌(polite) 尽管我们强调 商务英语文字简洁,这并不意味着外贸书信就不再存在什么问候与寒暄、客套与恭维。相反,现代外贸书信要求字里行间流露出热情、周到和善解人意。要体谅对方,从对方出发。即使拒绝对方的要求,批驳对方的观
15、点,也要注意语气委婉,尽量用客观、肯定和积极的态度去谈论问题。既要维护自身利益,也要顾及对方面子,切不可一言不慎,伤害双方的合作关系。例如: It is something like ABC to a businessman that price fluctuates at different time,we,therefore,cannot accept your request for reduction of price.(不同时间,不同价格,这是商人的起码知识,我们不能接受你降价的请求。)这段文字,态度生硬,拒人于千里之外。要想以理服人,有必要将其修改如下: As everybody
16、knows,in international trade,price naturally fluctuates at different time.Under the present circumstances we can not accept your request for reduction of price.(在国际贸易中,时间不同,价格自然有所变化,这使人所皆知的。在目前情况下,我们不能接受你们降价的请求。) 4.小结其实,除了前面所述 准确、简洁和 礼貌的特点之外, 商务英语在行文中还体现诸如完整性(complete)、具体性(concrete)、现代性 (contemporar
17、y),及国际性(international)等特点,由于这些特点与我们详述的情况互相重合、交织,并且限于篇幅的关系,这里就不再赘言。但了解外贸英文的这些特点,无疑对我们今后提高外贸信函的译写能力是大裨益的。 参考文献 1李永康.析外贸英文行文特点与译写J.郴州师专学报 (综合版),1998,(2). 2虞苏美. 商务英语 .高等教育出版社,2000. 3李宣松.实用外贸英语 .青岛出版社,1995.生命列车The Train Of Life 1. 不久以前,我读了一本书。书中把人生比作一次旅行。2. 人生一世,就好比是一次搭车旅行,要经历无数次上车、下车; 时常有事故发生; 有时是意外惊喜,有
18、时却是刻骨铭心的悲伤 3. 降生人世,我们就坐上了生命列车。我们以为我们最先见到的那两个人-我们的父母,会在人生旅途中一直陪伴着我们。 4. 很遗憾,事实并非如此。他们会在某个车站下车,留下我们,孤独无助。他们的爱、他们的情、他们不可替代的陪伴,再也无从寻找。 5. 尽管如此,还会有其他人上车。他们当中的一些人将对我们有着特殊的意义。 6. 他们之中有我们的兄弟姐妹, 有我们的亲朋好友。我们还将会体验千古不朽的爱情故事。7. 坐同一班车的人当中,有的轻松旅行。8. 有的却带着深深的悲哀 还有的,在列车上四处奔忙,随时准备帮助有需要的人 9. 很多人下车后,其他旅客对他们的回忆历久弥新 但是,也
19、有一些人,当他们离开座位时,却没有人察觉。10. 有时候,对你来说情深义重的旅伴却坐到了另一节车厢。你只得远离他,继续你的旅程。11. 当然,在旅途中,你也可以摇摇晃晃地穿过自己的车厢,去别的车厢找他 12. 可惜,你再也无法坐在他身旁,因为这个位置已经让别人给占了 .13. 没关系。旅途充满挑战、梦想、希望、离别 就是不能回头。因此,尽量使旅途愉快吧!14. 善待旅途上遇见的所有旅客,找出人们身上的闪光点。15. 永远记住,在某一段旅程中,有人会犹豫彷徨,因为我们自己也会犹豫彷徨。16. 我们要理解他人,因为我们需要他人的理解。17. 生命之谜就是:我们在什么地方下车?坐在身旁的伴侣在什么地
20、方下车?我们的朋友在什么地方下车?我们无从知晓 18. 我时常这样想:到我该下车的时候,我会留恋吗?我想我还是会的。和我的朋友分离,我会痛苦。让我的孩子孤独地前行,我会悲伤。 我执著地希望在我们大家都要到达的那个终点站,我们还会相聚 19. 我的孩子们上车时没有什么行李,如果我能在他们的行囊中留下美好的回忆,我会感到幸福。20. 我下车后,和我同行的旅客都还能记得我,想念我,我将感到快慰。21. 献给你, 我生命列车上的同行者, 祝您旅途愉快!1. Not long ago, I read a book, in which a mans life was compared to a journ
21、ey.2. The life of a man is just like a hitchhiking,during which many times we go up and down. Now and then things will happen accidently, some of which are to be unexpected excitement,while some heart-breaking sorrows. 3. When first embraced the world,we are already on the train of life. We take it
22、for granted that the first two persons, our parents, whom we are encountered with, will accompany us all the way.4. Sadly,things do not go on as we thought.Our parents will get off the train at a certain station,leaving us, bereft and helpless.Their love and emotion to us and their irreplaceable com
23、pany can be found in nowhere.5. However,there will be somebody else who will get on the train. Some of them will have special meaning to us.6. Some of them may be our siblings , relatives and friends, and we will also expereince the imperishable love.7. Some of our travelling companions are quite li
24、ght-hearted on the way.8. While some may bear immense sorrow.Still some ,back and forth, are ready to hold out their hands for others who need help.9. Some people alight off the train, yet they are still kept in the mind of the other passengers for long;some, to the opposite, leave their seats witho
25、ut being noticed.10. Sometimes, the one,who is dear to your heart, has huddled into another carriage. Nothing but one you can do is just to keep on going, far away from him.11. Of course, during the journey, you may stagger to another carriage to look for him.12. Its a pity that you will never seat
26、yourself beside him because the seat has been engaged by others. 13. Never mind. The journey is full of challenges,dreams, hopes and departures- but only one thing is that you cant turn back. So, have a good journey with heart and soul.14. Show your good-will to all the passengers you are encountere
27、d with, and find the merits of theirs.15. Remeber that someone may oscillate just as we do in the journey.16. We should understand others just as we need others understanding.17. The enigma of life is:Where shall we get off the train of life?And how about the companions beside us?And our friends?We
28、dont know.18. Sometimes I think:When my time comes to get off the train,shall I miss it?I think I will.It is a suffering when I part with my friends.I will be sorry for leaving my kids going alone.I firmly hold that when we get to the terminal,we will have another reunion.19. When my kids get on the
29、 train of life, they have only little luggage in their travelling bags. However,if I can leave the beautiful memory in them,I will be happy. 20. After getting off the train of life, I will be content if my fellow passengers will remember me and miss me.21. To you , the companions on my train of life.May you have a good journey!