英语语音基础知识与训练(音标教学资料).docx
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1、 英语语音基础知识与训练(一)语音教学是语言教学的重要内容之一。自然规范的语音、语调将为有效的口语交际打下良好的基础。语音教学应注重语义与语境、语调与语流相结合,要强调语音、语调在实际口语交流中的运用。英语有不同的口音,如:英国口音、美国口音等。 学生在基本掌握一种口音的基础上,适当接触不同的口音,为发展交际能力打下基础。26个字母音标表A aeiB bbi:C csi:D ddi:E ei:F fefG gdi:H heitI iaiJ jdeiK kkeiL lelM memN nenO ouP ppi:Q qkju:R r:S sesT tti:U uju:V vvi:W wdblju:
2、X xeksY ywaiZ zzi:zed英语音标表:共48个 关于语音的几个概念1)字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,2)音标:词的语音形式。3)音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。4)音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, understand , teacher,5)元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不受阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。6)辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。7)开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音 he, go,
3、 hi8)闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。元音 :比较下列元音发音1. 比较下列元音发音1) i: sea, he, see, piece, ceiling, believe2) i sit, build, miss, myth3) e bed, desk, head,wedding4) bad, land, bank, stamp5) a: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt6) hot, want, cock, coffee, hospital,
4、long7) : door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught8) u: tooth, who, blue, soup, choose, June, rule9) u look, put, woman, could, wood, cook, push10) cup, come, blood, rough, touch, son, sun,mother, month, love11) : girl, work, serve, nurse, early, service12) ago, forget, polite, do
5、llar, doctor, famous, Saturday13) ei cake, they, play, eight, great, break14) ai bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye15) u phone, cold, boat, soul, grow, flow, blow16) au cow, how, house, town, mountain, cloud17)i boy, oil, joy, join, spoil, boil, enjoy, noise18) i dear, idea, deer, her
6、e, fierce, tear, nearby19) pear, care, there, fair, dare, tear, bear, bare, parent20) u tour, poor, sure, cruel, rural, tourist2.容易混淆的元音1) e bed, bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land2) i: ei real, rail; greet, great; mean, main; read, raid3) e ai bet, bite; red, write; said,side, head, hide4) au : hou
7、se, horse; loud lord; south, sauce; 5)au found, fond; gown, gone; down, don辅音1. 比较下列辅音发音1)p pen,plane, place, play, polite2)b bed, bathe,bag, bath, baggage, barber3)t tell,tooth, ten, text, task, take4)d day, played, said,dive, divide, loved5)k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box6)g big, go,
8、 guess, language7)m man,maths, match, mum8)n nine, knife,noise, knowledge9) bank, uncle, English, sing10) l land, world, last, least11) r read, write,ride, right12) f five, cough, laugh,photo13) v voice, of, vote,five14) think,thank, breath, bath15) this, breathe, bathe, therefore16) s sit, miss, sc
9、ience, case, scarf17) z zoo, close,nose, houses18) sure, she, social, nation, sheep, shop, show, shy19) pleasure, measure, decision, television, garage20) h hot, who, whose, house, whom, horse21) w wall, what, where, whether, weather22) j yes,year, yet, yellow23)t child, teach, catch, fetch, match,
10、watch24)d joke, bridge,orange, judge25) ts boats, coats, cats, roots, points, tests26)dz goods, aids, reads, seeds, lands27) tr tree, try, trick, true, track28)dr dream, drive, drop, dry, drip2. 容易混淆的辅音1)v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well2)s sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math3)
11、z closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes4)n thin thing; sin sing; ban bang ; win wing; ran rang英语语音基础知识(二)-音节与元音字母a,e.,i的发音变化规律英语的拼读已经反映出其读音了,应该了解英语单词的拼读规律。英语是一种拼音文字,如果不认真总结单词里每个音节的读音规则,不把单词的拼写形式与其读音联系在一起,不清楚单词的拼写形式和读音之间的内在对应关系,那么,记英语单词就会成为沉重的负担。 而掌握读音规则,可以把英语单词的拼写和读音做为一个整体来掌握,见到一个单词就可以根据其拼写形
12、式读其音;反过来,听到一个单词的发音,就能够根据其读音拼写出这个单词来。这样把拼写和拼读当成一个整体来对待。记住了词形,也就记住了读音,记住了读音也就等于记住了这个词的拼写形式。一、英语的基本拼读规则1元音字母a及其字母组合的读音(见表1.1)元音字母和字母组合读 音说 明例 词例 外aei 在重读开音节中grade,face,table,name, race, grapehave hv, hv vase v:z, veis 在重读闭音节中map,practice,that,plan,hand 在非重读音节中above, about, among,woman w+awatch, what,wa
13、sh,walletwater w:t i 在重读音节后的音节中village, orange, comradeoperate preit:a+n(或ss,sp,sk,st,th,f)answer, grant, class, grasp, basket,fast,bath,aftersand sndstand stnd land lndbandbndai,ay ei 在重读音节中straight,afraid,paint,rain,saysays, said e i 在非重读音节中Monday,mountain,holiday,captainweekdaywi:kdeibirthday b:d
14、eiair 在重读音节中repair,chair,hair,stair al:在辅音之间chalk,call,small,walkhalf h:f salt s:ltar: 在重读音节中party,artist,farm,cardwarmwmmarrymriquarterkw:t variousvris 在非重读音节中grammar,collar,sugar are 在重读音节中glare,care,stare,dare au: August,autumn, faultauntntbecausebkz Australia:streiliaugh: caught,taught,daughterl
15、aughl:faw: draw,law,saw, lawn 2元音字母e及其字母组合的读音(见表1.2)元音字母和字母组合读 音说 明例 词例 外e i:在重读开音节中complete,even,these, e在重读闭音节中better,enter,freshprettypriti 在非重读音节中happen,open, problem i 在前缀和后缀中depend,behind,needed i re音节here there, whereeae breath,head,ready,dead _ee i: breathe,season,least,deal,teach, leader, r
16、eader i really,real,theatre, idearealityriliti ei great,break i: greet,deep,keep,meet ei(ie) i:receive,thief, believeeighteit friendfrend heighthaiter:在重读音节中verb,her,term,serveterribleterbl merrymeriear 在非重读音节中worker,paper i dear, clear,near,hear eer : search,learn,earth,earnhearth:ti pioneer,deer,b
17、eer,engineer -ed t 前面是清辅音(t除外)jumped,talked,worked,helped d 前面是浊辅音(d除外)和元音loved,answered, closed, stayed id 前面是t或dneeded,shouted,skated ewju:new, few, knewsewu u :grew, threw, flewey eiobey, grey, they keyi: i money, monkey, valley3元音字母i及其字母组合的读音(见表1.3)元音字母和字母组合读 音说 明例 词例 外i(y)ai 在重读开音节中Friday,fine,
18、drive, livelygivegiv, live (v.) i 在重读闭音节中strict,think,artistwildwaild: r音节shirt, skirt, bird, girlie ai lie,tie,die,pie i: believe,piece,fieldfriendfrendquietkwait iaaidiamond, dialogueir : girl,bird,first,birthmirrormir igh ai fight,right,tight,night ildaild wild,child,mild ireai admire,hire,fire,
19、entire indaind behind,find,kind, wind(v.)wind wind(n.)-ied id worried,carried,hurried,studiedterrifiedterifaid-元音字母u与o的发音变化规律4元音字母u及其字母组合的读音(见表1.5)元音字母和字母组合读 音说 明例 词例 外uju:在重读开音节中student,use,pupil,hugesugarug 在重读闭音节中but,cut,up,hurrytruthtru: busy bizi 在某些非重读音节中autumn,difficult,successinstituteinstit
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