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1、SQL server database management and maintenanceTo connect SQL Server databaseFirst we introduce the basic knowledge of the database,be regarded as the warm-up exercise that study database weave distance front!1.warm-up exerciseNeeding first avowal is relation database that database knowledge that we
2、here introduce all point. The so-called relation database is to mean data as that the form gather, passing to establish simple form an a kind of database for of relation to defining construction.I ignore the watch at how saving way in physics in the document in database is,it can see to make an a li
3、ne for with row, with electronics form is similar with the row.In relation database, the line were called the record, but the row then is called word segment.This form inside each an all in formations for is a record, it including particular customer, but each record then included the same type with
4、 the word segment of the quantity:Customers number, name etc.Form is logic set that a kind of related information that press a line of arranging with row, similar in single form in work.Each row of the word a database form inside calls a word segment. Watch is from every kind of word a definition of
5、 its containment of, each word a data for describing its implying. While creating to set up a database, the beard assign for each word segment a the piece belongs to the sex with the other according to the type,biggest length.The word segment can include every kind of word sign,arithmetic figure eve
6、n sketch.An information of relevant customer deposits in the line of the form, is called record.By any large, arbitrarily two records for database form to create set up cant be same.Key be a certain word segment( or several words segment) of the form inside, it() for fast inspect but drive index. Th
7、e key can be unique, and also can then the right and wrong is unique, being decided by it() whether admission repetition. Unique key can specify for main key, using each one that come to unique marking form.The norm turns the database design of mission be method that the data of buildup,but the data
8、 of buildup, should can dissolve otiose repetition, and for have the necessary information offering to check to seek the path quickly. For attaining this kind of target but separate information to the process gone to in every kind of independent form, be called the norm turn.It is complicated proces
9、s to use many appointed rules to proceed the norm with the type of the different Class that norm turn. That process studies and discuss already beyond the reach of textual scope.But,the norm of the simple database in majority turn and can use the simple experience in underneath rule completes: inclu
10、de the form of the information of repetition must be divided into independent a few forms dissolve repetition.If we have chosen to learn 12 curricular 1000 students, the each curricular elucidation will show with the teacher 100 many- to choose that curricular and eachstudent repeat once.To avoid th
11、is kind of low efficiency, should to turn the dichotomous and independent form in form to the norm,an is used to mean the student,the another uses mean the course.Now the form was turned by the norm, so, to changes the particular and curricular course describe or data,as long as change a record all
12、right.Is a basic knowledge concerning database above,this is what study database plait distance must.Although the database technique is used as a course,its depth is not this space and can describe with the wide degree of,be used as the primer with simple database plait the distance should be all ri
13、ght already.Like,underneath we can start practicing.We usually meet the database system is to registers the system,ignoring you are in the unit,or attend what buildup,the register is to cans not help of,and it of the construction is more simple,we take a register system as an example.The analysis is
14、 once a data for involving.2. understanding the elementsFor the register, want the on the trail of information include:name、sex、native place、age、date of birth、unit、address、postal service codes、telephone、FAX. Certainly,can create to set up a form in brief,make above each piece according to item to sh
15、ould a word segment.Need to point the form the main key in parties now, in order to unique marking each a record,increase register number conduct and actions unique key respectively in register form,guarantee a two records like this all different.To the database after making an above analysis,we can
16、 start establishing the database.3.set up the firm in campHere we study to establish the database how,needing to make sure the type that to establish the database first.Pass in Visual Basic the data interview control piece or data interview object ( DAO) can visit the following database:1)The databa
17、se of JET, namely Microsoft Access2)The database of ISAM, such as: DBase, etc. of FoxPro3)The database of ODBC,every follow the standard of ODBC customer/ server database. Such as: Microsoft SQL Server, OracleBy any large, if develop the personal small scaled database system, use Access database com
18、parison accommodation, to develop the big and medium-sized database system uses the database of ODBC fester. But dBase with the database of FoxPro because of already dated,unless special circumstance,do not use otherwise.In our example, chose to use the database of Access certainly. Establish the da
19、tabase of Access contain two kinds of methods: While establishing the database in Microsoft Access. Click new set up button can establish the new form. Here we main introduction the second method: The usage can see to turn the data management machine, do not need to weave the distance and then can c
20、reate to set up the database.Can see to turn the data management machine is the applied procedure of a great use,it is a VB business enterprise version is supplementary with the profession version, in the catalogue. Devastation vb samples the Visdata is next, its interface is as follows the diagram.
21、Click the menu document item is next new set up son item Microsoft ACCESS son item of edition 7.0 MDB item. Input the new setting up the name of the database in flick window way open register, appear the underneath show the window way:Want the born and new form, the single shot in right key database
22、 window way flicks the menu open, then the choice new form ordinaries,establishing in watch construction dialog box appeared later on a word for wanting segment. The every time faces to join in the form new word segment, single shot increment word segment button, will appear of increment word segmen
23、t dialog box.Increment word a type for options in the dialog box, according to word segment.In our the register database that establish, the type of the each word segment.Want to notice of is, because the word segment registers the number be used unique marking record of, therefore, it cant be input
24、ted by customer. So while defining the words segment need to be defined for Long data type, the automatic born word segment item is valid, and picks out this item. Be the customer like this to input to record with other the different value every input a new record, system would on the words segment
25、automatically.In ACCESS database, the key word realizes with the index of, conduct and actions plait distance personnel at gather to weave the distance to the record of the form type,needs to adjust to use index.While searching,the technique of Rushmore uses the index information the excellent turni
26、ng the search automatically. Aftercompleting the form definition, click increment index button, flick such aspen figure 5 show the window way.In window way the right side contain three optioned, its meaning, such as table,12.Increase the index dialog box options.After completing such as figure 6.Cer
27、tainly, the academic association database establishes too not a dynasty the business of the one night, the reader no harm much practices once.Visit databases design and the development of the application procedures of MS Visual Basics of the databases of the SQL Server. When design a system, the cus
28、tomer still needs to comprehend to use to come to visit the plait distance of ask the data of SQL Server to connect. The origin was detailed to elaborate that the usage open type database conjunction (the Open Database Connectivity, ODBC) adjusts to connect the objects to connect with the class, sti
29、ll having the data interviews object (the Data Access Objects, the DAO) and the long-range data objects.Design and weave to write large and complicated and applied procedures database design for the software developer is a challenge, need to choose to weave the distance language and tools, do an acc
30、ommodation for the SQL Server, choose the calculate way and the data structures, still need to design the sketch customer interface and the application procedures to connect. The decision within the most important software design is applied fixed position of the procedure. In other words, design mus
31、t specify the system of which parts are data, business rule, and the data entrance procedure and used for circulating the code of other part. The MS Visual Basic supports the plait distance that some databases manage the systems connect, especially SQL Server. Adjust to connect to include the ODBC a
32、nd DB-Libraries to connect the, object to connect to include the data interview object (DAO), long range data object (the RDO), the OLE DB and the ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) with the class, the SQL that returns the capable SQL Server to manage the mission distributes to manage the object (the SQL Di
33、stributed management Objects, SQL-DMO) to connect. Connect the oculars right choice can improve the whole function of system and the development speed biggest. Design the large data warehouse system needs to choose the applied model properly. Traditional customer/ services model depends on to join i
34、n the center layer but get the improvement to become three layer models. These three layers divide the line system as three parts: each layer is responsible for providing the service: (1) Data service( the Data Service) contain the maintenance data and the operation date such as the increment, modif
35、ication, deletion and backups.These services maintenance data relation and contact,support backup and instaurationoperation.Usually the data service is managed the system usage by the database.(2) business service( the Business Service) is handled the logic by the business rule and data to constitut
36、e, such as the data legitimacy rule, the business processing support and the record backup logics. The main purpose of these services provides the data maintenance toward the application procedure Logic.(3) expression service( the Presentation Service)( or the customer service) support customer inte
37、rface, control the customer data to input to express with data.(Output) Notice in customer/ services technical term, sometimes express the service definition as customers machine (or head), the data service definition for server (or after carry), but the business service is in the center the layer (
38、the middle layer). But important comprehend any two layers .The data service business service expresses the logic support GUI that the service maintenance database business rule and the processing data need, data importation and manifestation the correspondences can think to carry on between custome
39、rs machine and servers. For example, in the center the layer can think is a head.Server The physics realization of the system can carry on through many different paths.The underneath wills discuss three layer logic models three kinds of to carry out the method: 1.Fat customer machine realization Man
40、y layer (the multi tier) realizations of fat customer the machine realization three layer models of a kind of carry out the options is in the customers on board movement business and expression services. This probably writes the most common path in the Visual Basic application procedure for the SQL
41、Server. This kind of carries out the physics up only two layers: The server provides the data service only, this kind of method contain 2:00 shortage. First, was the applied procedure to compute the on board increment at the customer, customers calculators need to be stronger, this will increase the
42、 system expense, because the system usually takes several customers machines. When the system takes to have the number with thousand million of customers machine, this kind of method will become too expensive. Another 1:00 shortage is a possible increment maintenance expenses. Move to the change of
43、legitimacy logic and the business rule of the system and will cause upgrade customers machine procedure each time. If the system contain customers machine of the equal quantity, this is a problem. The biggest advantage of the machine realization in fat customer is to reduce the network discharge, if
44、 the legitimacy and the business rules need not be decide by the database. Under this kind of circumstance, only pass the data of the legitimacy logic and can spread toward server. Be the example of the importation data legitimacy,suppose the reader to have a small form (for example national form of
45、 name) to put in customers machine. If the data entrance mold piece checks the native watch but is not a more national name in main database, then will reduce the network discharge obviously. Another an important use is in the development process of the system.If the head developer was limited to th
46、e interview carry behind, for example, cant pass the data in the database to verify to input the legitimacy, so, this kind of method can make it right processing data.2. Thin customer machine realization In thin customer the machine realization, business the service locates the server, the business
47、logic usually expresses for saving process. The Server, the saving process usages T-The SQL plait write. This kind of realization is like fat customers machine to carry out the similar physics up only two layers.The advantage of this kind of method is to reduce the system expense, because thin custo
48、mers machine needs the less system resources, this have very important many systems of customers machines to take. And, support the expenses to also compare the fat customer the machine system is a little less, because the code carries the concentrated control in the server. If the business rule is
49、depend on in the data of the database, thin customer the machine realization reduces the network discharge. The main shortage of this kind of method is a saving process to lack the vivid. The Visual Basic provide stronger than the T-SQL the plait distance ability that have to have another. Notice three the thin customer of the layer model the machine physics realization sometimes is called the fat server (the fat Server) model to confuse with thin customers machine/