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1、高中英语语法主谓一致教学设计 教学内容高中语法主谓一致任课老师： 教学内容分析和处理高中语法主谓一致（Subject-Verb Concord / Agreement）部分主要介绍什么是主谓一致，以及主语和谓语相一致的三大语法原则，还有用单数、复数的特殊情况，课堂通过教师对语法知识点的讲解，学生做好笔记；课堂利用多媒体组织学生看名师如何讲解（大概15分钟的视频，详见教学视频），让学生了解不同教师的教学风格。为了让学生学更好的掌握主谓一致的用法、教师在课堂上展示习题，让学生活学活用，教师遵循教材的“题材-功能-结构-任务”的编写原则，课后布置学生做一些练习，让学生在网上看名师如何讲课，探索适合学
2、生英语学习的途径和方法。教学目标（一）语言知识目标：掌握英语主谓一致的一般规律，熟练运用人称和数上与主语保持一致的原则；从而加深对主谓一致的了解，对其认识更系统化。（二）语言技能目标：听懂对教师特征及其风格的描述并获取信息；运用主谓一致原则造句，描述熟悉的人和物；理解介绍教师风格的举例和练习题、获取信息并掌握和理解主谓一致的用法；简单用几句话描写自己身边的人和事，并能够在书面表达中杜绝主谓一致方面的错误。（三）学习策略目标：搜集和运用所学词汇、短语；对介绍教学内容的材料进行理解、分析、比较和总结；体现自主合作探究相结合；培养学生的知识归纳能力及灵活的语言运用的能力。教程学时共 2 课时教学难点
3、与重点重点：1 谓语动词用单数的种种情况。 2 就近原则。 3 定语从句中的主谓一致。难点：受母语（汉语）的影响，对语法现象中的三大原则无法分辨，口语、写作等实际运用中往往分不清主谓一致的情况，造成误用。教学准备本节课的课件，以及教学相关视频。教学方法根据高中英语课程标准及当前教学改革、课程改革的先进理念，为达成上述教学目标，运用任务型教学途径，围绕核心任务，设定小任务；开展自主性学习的小组活动，使合作、探究与独立思考相结合，最大程度地优化学生的学习方式，提高课堂学习效果。课时 1教学过程 Lead-in(导入话题) T: The weather is nice, isnt it? （天气很好
4、，难道不是吗？）S: Yes. （是呀，很好！） T: The teaching building was built in 2009. And the food in the dinning hall is very delicious. （教学楼是2009建成的。饭堂的东西真好吃。）S: No, it isnt. （不，不是的呀。）（见PPT 2）T: 上面我们谈论的句子都用单数，那么什么时候用单数，什么时候用复数呢？大家先看看一下习题，并填空。Step 1: 老师展示生活中的例句,学生填空或翻译1. The adventures of Tom Sawyer _ very interest
5、ing. 2.已经过去五分钟了。Five minutes_ passed.3.教你们英语是一件快乐的事.Teaching you English _a pleasure. （见PPT 3）Step 2: 学生分组讨论,归纳总结谓语动词用单数的情况Conclusion: The verb should be singular if the subject is a singular noun or an uncountable noun. （见PPt 4）Step 3: 教师继续展示生活中的例句,学生翻译T: 这两个学生都很认真。S: Both the students are very car
6、eful。T: 去年我们学校建了很多楼房。S: Many buildings were built last year.T:我们食堂的面条和大米都很好吃。S: The noodles and rice in the dinning hall are very interesting. （见PPT 5）Step4: 学生分组讨论,归纳总结谓语动词用复数的情况Conclusion:The verb should be plural if the subject is a plural noun ,or made up of two or more words or phrases linked b
7、y and. (见PPT 6)Step5: 教师展示例句,学生找出它们的区别1. All of us are listening carefully in our English lesson.2. Our class is the best in our school. 3. Every means has been tried.4. Either you or I am going there.5. Both the teacher and students are working hard.1. All of the lesson is about the Grammar: Subjec
8、t- Verb agreement2. Our class are Listening carefully.3. My new clothes are very expensive.4. Either I or you are going there.5. The teachers as well as students is working hard.（见PPT 7） Practice: 练习 error correction 纠错1. The readers are very popular in China.2. Not only Mathematics but also Physics
9、 are not easy to learn.3. Lots of damage were caused by fire.4. Three years have passed since then.5. Either you or he are to go. 6. The number of students have gone home.7. The police is searching the thief.8. Neither his parents nor his teacher are pleased with his study.9. Our class was attending
10、 a lecture by the famous professor in the hall at this time yesterday afternoon.10. John, as well as his two brothers, are to go to Europe for the coming summer holiday. （见PPT 8）完成以上任务，学生展开讨论；再次总结主谓一致的使用情况。在此基础上使学生基本明白主谓一致的用法。然后布置课后作业，巩固所学知识。（见PPt 9）课后作业: 1.写一篇关于自己参加一项体育运动的经历，字数80-100. 2. 完成以下习题：1Hi
11、s Selected Poems first published in 1965 Awere Bwas Chas been Dhave been2Twenty dollars enough for the coat Ais Bare Chas Dhave3Learning about Travel News and Sports News in China Daily his great interest Ais Bare Ccause Dgives4His family very big and all of his family music Aare；1ove Bare；1oves Cis
12、；have Dis；1oves5It Jack and Frank who been murdered（见PPT 10） Aare；have Bis；are Cis；have Dis；has6Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most Ais Bhave been Cwas Dwere7The poor woman with her two children in a street corner Awas seen beg Bwere seen beg CWas seen bagging Dwere seen begging8Is there
13、anybody in the classroom? No, the teacher as well as the students to the playground Ago Bwent Chas gone Dhave gone9Three-fourhs of the land by forest and grass Ahas covered Bhas been covered Chave been covered D，are to be covered10Have you heard about the new school? No, when and where to build the
14、new one Ais not decided Barent decided Chas not decided Dhavent been decided参考答案：1-5 BACCC 6-10 ACCBA (见PPt 11) 第 2 课时进行语法讲解：介绍语法概念概念：英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致，时态的一致，名词和代词的一致。主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致，即谓语动词的形式必须跟随主语单复数形式的变化为变化。（见PPT 14）三大原则:在实际应用中， 有时情况较为复杂， 但在现代英语中基本遵循如下原则： 语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近原则 （详见PPt 15-18）教学过程
15、详见（PPT13-37）Step 1：分别指出三大原则的概念，举出相关例子语法一致原则，概念l 即根据主语的语法形式决定其谓语动词的语法形式。主语是单数，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数形式。例如：l A letter has been sent to every student.l Two letters have been sent to every student.l To treat them in that way is unfair.l Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health （PPT 15）Step 2: 意
16、义一致原则 概念即指主谓之间的一致关系不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义来决定。形式是单数的主语，其谓语可能是复数形式；反之，形式是复数的主语，其谓语有可能是单数。E.g.1) The class are doing experiment on heat and light.2) The team are playing magnificently.3) The United States is a country advanced in science and technology.同一单词作主语，根据其表达意义的不同，有时用单数动词，有时却要用复数动词。例如：1) The
17、family is the basic unit of the society.2) The family have agreed among themselves to spend their vacation in Italy. （PPT 16-17）Step 3：就近原则指谓语动词与它最近的名词、代词或其他词在人称或数上保持一致。常见于eitheror; neithernor，not onlybut also 等并列结构或there, here引起的句子中。例如： Either you or he was wrong. There is a pen, a few envelopes an
18、d some paper in the drawer. Not only his children but he himself is hoping to be there. （PPT 18）Step 4: 讲解用单数的几种情况 （详见PPt 18-32）1.one, every, everyone, everybody, no, no one, one of, many a, either, neither, nobody, anyone, somebody, someone等作主语或主语修饰语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：u Every boy and girl is treated in t
19、he same way.u Neither of them drinks coffee.u Every man and (every) woman has good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.2.a kind of, a sort of, a portion of, a section of, a series of, a succession of, a pair of, a couple of 等修饰主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致原则一般用单数。例如： A pair of scissors is what h
20、e needs now. A series of lectures on radio engineering is scheduled. There is a couple of vacant rooms behind the office.3.表示国家、单位、书报等名称或表示时间、距离、体积、度量衡（将它视为一整体）等的名词或短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：l The Neterlands is famous for its tulips.l One hundred miles is too far to travel on foot.l Ten pounds was missing f
21、rom the bill.l The Thirty-Nine Steps is an interesting novel.4.不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数。例如：l To master at least a foreign language is very necessary in the present conditions.l Forgetting the past means nothing but betrayal.l When they will start on their journey hasnt been decided.5.单数词作主语， 虽然
22、后接including, as well as, together with, in addition to, accompanied by等词连接其他的词，谓语动词仍用单数。E.g.a) Gold, as well as silver, has recently risen in price.b) The factory, with all its equipment, has been burned.c) John together with his brother has gone Step 5：讲解谓语用复数的几种情况：1.由and连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。e.g.1) Yo
23、ur problem and mine are similar.2) 但当and连接的词语作整体考虑，指同一人、同一事物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g.3) The worker and poet has published a collection of poems recently. (同一人)4) Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.2.以复数形式结尾的山脉、群岛、瀑布等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：l The Niagara Falls are very spectacular.l The Ph
24、ilippines are in the Pacific Ocean.3.表示群体或类属的“the +形容词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：l The injured were sent to hospital at once.l In many western films, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.Step 6：总结谓语单复数用法的特殊情形1. 当and连接两个形容词修饰一个单数名词作主语时，如果指一件事物谓语动词用单数； 如果指两件事物则谓语动词用复数。例如： A black and white(黑白相间的
25、) horse was trotting down. The red and the yellow rose are both beautiful.2.集合名词如family, group, team, the public, crowd, committee, staff等作主语， 表整体意义时用单数；表个体意义时用复数。例如： Our team has won the game. Our team are discussing about how to win.3.一些表示数量的词，如a lot of, any of, most of, half of, two-thirds of, ei
26、ghty percent of, part of, the rest of, some of, none of, all of等与名词连用时，后面名词用单数则谓语动词用单数； 名词用复数，谓语动词也用复数。例如： A large percentage of our pilots retire early. A large percentage of his income is paid in income tax. Most of the book is interesting. Most of the books are informative though a little dull.4.
27、另一些表示数量的词a number of, a total of, an average of等后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数； 但其中不定冠词换成定冠词时（表示特定的数量），谓语动词要用单数。例如： A number of students were late for school owing to the storm. The number of jobs is increasing. An average of 3 000 letters a month are received by the newspapers office. The average of letters receiv
28、ed each month is 3000. 下列词常接复数名词： (a) few, many, a good/great many, a (good) number of, 5. 下列词常接不可数名词：(a) little, much, a great deal of, a (large) amount of, 下列词可接复数名词或不可数名词：some, any, a lot of / lots of, plenty of, 注意：a large quantity of / large quantities of 可以接复数名词或不可数名词，其谓语动词单复数取决于quantity的单复数。Step 7：课堂上组织学生看著名教师吴世民的课堂讲解，与课堂教师的授课方式对比，领会不同讲解的效果，接受不同的思维方式。（详见视频）课堂总结结束教学任务教师用PPt 形式展示总结情况，请同学发言，总结主谓一致的注意的问题；课后布置学生做相关练习来巩固课堂所学内容。（练习详见 PPT3438）7