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1、第1讲 汉英词汇比较与翻译练习1一、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配。1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of houndsa team of ducks a herd of antelopes3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a wool
2、en sweaterfetch water play basketball spray insecticide5. basic wage capital construction essential commodityprimary industry fundamental interest二、翻译下列句子，注意划线词语的理解。1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.2. Party members should listen carefully to the
3、opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctors advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.练习2一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。1. That depends upo
4、n circumstances.2. This state of affairs must be changed.3. How do matters stand with them?4. He presents all his books to the library.5. A teacher should devote himself to the casue of education.6. The committee consists of 15 members.7. Air is made up of a mixture of gases.8. Go in for rigorous tr
5、aining and set strict demand.二、翻译下列词组，注意词汇的搭配方式。1. set sail 2. open quotation3. the beginning of spring 4. go into operation5. be taken in 6. make progress7. distinguished guests 8. be on duty三、翻译下列各句，注意汉语中词汇的词义范围。1. It rained cats and dogs (hard / heavily) three days on end (in succession / running
6、).2. He likes talking big (talking large / talking horse/ talking tall). He likes saying big words / large words.3. They are giving the classroom a good (general / spring / through) clean(ing).4. A person like him is by no means (in no way/ on no account/ never/ not absolutely) rare.5. We should go
7、in for industry in a big way in accordance with your suggestion.6. If you do it like that, youll be completely (gravely/seriously) mistaken (be absolutely wrong / make a big mistake / make a major blunder / commit a very gross error).练习3一、翻译下列句子，注意划线词语的多样性译法。1. 尤二姐听说，笑道：“依你说，你两个已是情投意合。竟把你许了他，岂不好？”“I
8、t sounds as if the two of you are always of one mind,” Second Sister chuckled, “How would it be if we were to betroth you to him?”2. 一面说，一面咬牙切齿的，又说道Through clenched teeth he added, 3. 凤姐笑道：“他倒不怨我，他临死咬牙切齿，倒恨宝玉呢。”“She bore me no grudege,” replied Xifeng. “It was Baoyu who made her grind her teeth with
9、 rage just before she died.”4. 凤姐收了怯色，反喝道：“死了罢了，有什么大惊小怪的！”But after her initial firght Xifeng put on a bold face. “If shes dead,” she retorted, “Whats all the fuss about?”二、翻译下列句子，注意划线部分的成语。1. The more you get, the more you want.2. Its only natural for man to hanker for more.3. Goodness knows what t
10、heyre being so secretive about.4. Shes been creeping in here the last couple of days in a very sneaky way. Goodness knows what shes up to.5. Who told you to make such a fuss over nothing?6. Anything will do; dont fuss.7. Our grandma is ill, dont kick up such a shindy.8. When others herad this they c
11、ommented, “We thought it was someone who mattered, but this isnt worth making such a fuss about.”短文翻译练习1A Water BridgeAcross Panama runs a world-famous “water bridge”, and that is the Panama Canal. Last summer vacation I went with my parents on a sightseeing tour along it, which is still fresh in my
12、 memory.Having got to Panama City by air, we boarded a pleasure boat in the port of Balboa and sailed into the canal. The boat traveled 13 km and reached the first group of water locks. The Panama Canal is thus a “water bridge” that allows ships to cross land by the opening and closing of water lock
13、s.We began “getting onto the bridge”. When the boat had sailed into the lock chamber, the steel gate, 2 meters thick, 20 meters high and wide and hundreds of tons in weight, slowly closed, and water began running into the chamber, which continued for a few minutes. The boat rose with the water and a
14、dvanced slowly, pulled along by power cars along both banks. Two lifts like that raised the boat 16 meters. It sailed out of the lock across a small lake and came to the second group of locks, which raised the boat another 9.5 meters. In this way, the boat, now 26 meters above sea level, had got ont
15、o the “top of the bridge”. It sailed along the main channel, which stretched 13 km between beautiful hills as steep as if cut apart with a sword and covered with green trees and colorful flowers. The boat sailed out of the gorge and into the wide Gatn Lake, with white clouds and distant hills reflec
16、ted in it and pretty isles passing into and out of sight. After a leisurely journey of 38 km on the lake, the boat came to the Gatn Locks, and there began its “descent down the bridge”. The Gatn Locks, three in number, looked like so many gigantic steps. After getting through the locks, the boat had
17、 descended to the same level as the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. The beautiful Caribbean Sea came into view as it sailed into the Limn Bay.We had come from the Pacific to the Atlantic, two great oceans separated by land but linked by the Panama Canal. The canal is 81.8 km in length and 150 to 304
18、m in width. Ships of 50,000 tons can pass it unimpeded all around the clock. It is truly worthy of the name of “the Bridge of the World”. Full of hearty praises am I for mans wisdom and courage in transforming nature! I admire you, the people of Panama!The guide told us that the Panamanian people ha
19、d high aspirations. On the one hand, they were working to improve the existent canal, and on the other hand, they were planning for an even longer one, which, it was estimated, would take 10 years to complete, and which would be the greatest project in mans history. We look forward to its early comp
20、letion. 第2讲 词法翻译的一般技巧练习1一、翻译下面的句子，注意搭配产生的假朋友。1. a faithful Christian 2. a loving parents3. an obedient child 4. a virtuous wife5. a dutiful husband 6. a hardworking student7. strong wind 8. thick fog9. heavy rain二、翻译下列句子，注意不顾语境而产生的假朋友。1. Only when they find much in common and hope to keep in touch l
21、ater on, will they offer their cards. 2. Another exampl. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless, it was not until I was over thirty that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics.3. Dear young friends, my advice to you is: Do physical e
22、xercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career. 三、用对等译法，翻译下列成语。1. fish in troubled waters2. be after ones own heart3. kin and bones4. touch and go5. hit the nail on the head6. be head and shoulders abo
23、ve others7. turn a deaf ear to8. burn ones boat9. turn a blind eye to10. look for a needle in a bundle of hay四、用对等译法，翻译下列谚语。1. Practice makes perfect.2. More haste, less speed.3. East or west, home is best.4. All is fish that comes to the net.5. Everything comes to him who waits.6. The moon is not s
24、een when the sun shines.7. Look before you leap.8. There is no smoke without fire. 练习2一、翻译下列句子，注意增补冠词。1. Even a child can answer this question.2. This is the head of our delegation.3. He put the paper aside and turned on the radio.4. The Chinese people are industrious and brave5. We must have faith
25、in the masses. 二、翻译下列句子，注意增补代词。1. Hand in your exercise-books, please.2. I cant express myself in English.3. Liberalism manifests itself in various ways.4. This article is easy to read and understand.5. I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to express our gratitude to you. 三、翻译下列句子，注意增补动词。1. Th
26、ey are in high spirits.2. They beamed with joy.3. He is quick of eye and deft of hand.4. This article is easy to read and understand.5. I stood aloof from him.四、翻译下列句子，注意增补介词。1. The book is very popular among young people.2. She inquired about your illness.3. The mountain is 1,000 feet above the sea
27、 level4. Shut the door after / when you go out.5. Dinner was at one oclock.五、翻译下列句子，注意增补连词。1. Promote physical culture and build up the peoples health.2. Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.3. We worked neither for fame nor for personal gain.4. We should strike while the iron is h
28、ot.5. I shall stay here until Ive completed my studies.六、 翻译下列句子或短语，从文化角度增补词语。1. You might have the genius of Li Bai or Du Fu, who was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty and the moral worth of Yan Hui or Zeng Shen both of them were disciples of Confucius, no one would ask your advice.2. to show off on
29、es proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter3. Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helpd the poor.4. let a hundred flowers bloom, permit the airing of conflicting views5. black children, who are born in violation of Chinas one-child policy练习3一、翻译下列句子，注意省略范畴词。1. Reform a
30、nd opening-up reversed the stagnation of national economy. 2. His rudeness shocked me.3. He has undertaken / taken up the translation of Lu Xuns works.4. The export is not permitted to exceed its limit.5. The discusssion covers Sino-US relations.6. In the Summer of 1969, the Administration publicly
31、urged an easing of tensions with China. 7. His arrogance made everyone dislike him. 8. Now, birth control became a possibility.9. China is carrying out nationwide pollution control and environmental protection. 10. During the talk, their discussion centered around the protection of intellectual prop
32、erties rights. 二、翻译下列句子，注意省略原文的重复成分。1. The two sides held that Sino-US relations should be viewed in a global context and from a perspective of the future and the 21st century in particular. 2. When problems emerge, they can be easily put right.3. distance / length / size / height4. Increase the awa
33、reness about self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the rule of law, as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.5. Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this selence.三、翻译下列句子，注意省略多余的或空洞的词。1. I went there to have a look. All I remember now is that the guard
34、s at the entrance were Swiss soldiers in yellow uniforms.2. We need to import advanced industrial equipment. 3. Past experience teach us 4. That is a facade.5. We must adhere to the principle of plain living and hard struggle.练习4一、运用合并译法，翻译下列四字成语或词组。1. fine words2. glib tongue3. exhausted4. stumblin
35、g5. move forces6. burn ones boat二、结合合并译法，翻译下列句子。1. We must have this ambition.2. I got into my old rags and my sugar-hogshead again, and was free and satisfied. 3. Each of the five performances enjoyed a full house, with many spectators having to stand. 4. He is determined to turn over a new leaf.5.
36、 He worked hard at his studies even in early childhood.6. The Chinese on both sides of the Tainwan Straits are of the same flesh and blood.7. All the staff unite in absolute sincerity. 8. Before you came, I did nothing but idle and drift into anything that offered itself.9. He sought the distraction
37、 of distance. 练习5一、翻译下列句子，注意汉语形容词和副词的转译。1. There is no difference in their views.2. We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.3. The delegate unanimously expressed their determination to oppose the nuclear weapons. 4. His new book is a great success.5. He looked at me in amazement.6. T
38、he sun shines over the earth.7. The news quickly spread throughout the world.8. Her voice rings through the house.9. This area is densely populated.10. Our government shows great concern for the Chinese students.二、翻译下列句子，注意其中名词的转译。1. Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world; it
39、is very active chemically.2. This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.3. The earth is shaped like a big ball.4. He aims to be a successful writer.5. This coffee tastes of chocolate.6. All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. 7. The magnificent Great Hall o
40、f the People impressed us tremendously.练习6一、翻译下列句子，注意名词性替代。1. A; Can I have a cup of blck coffee with sugar, please?B: Give me the same, please.2. When the colck struck three, Elizabeth felt that she must go; and very unwillingly she did so. 3. A: Would you like this teapot?B: No, I want a square on
41、e.4. This represented a great shift from the cunturies-long history of reclaiming farmland from lakes to restoring it to them on a large scale. 5. This is the key workshop in our factory. Here we have comparatively complete equipment. Cooling-fan installations, heating devices and communications fac
42、ilities are also equipped over those machineries. 二、翻译下列句子，注意应用动词性替代。1. I do not know any more than you do.2. He did not often grumble, and when he did, no one paid much attention to him.3. He rose early, as he had always done.4. Although most of the people bowed to him, they spat into the dirt as t
43、hey did so.5. Peter is joining our group. I am not sure whether David will do so or not.6. I promised to get a ticket for him and I will do so. 7. They say that the Prime Minister will soon dissolve Parliament and call for new elections. I doubt very much if he will do so.8. Are you busy this aftern
44、oon? If not, I hope you would stay with me for a while.练习7一、给出下列词语的褒义词、贬义词和中性词形式。1. gathering / assembly crowd mob2. portly overweight tubby3. slim/slender/slim underweight / thin / fleshy skinny / gaunt / lanky4. comrade friend crony5. man of letter writer wordmonger6. persevere continue persist二、翻
45、译下列句子，注意划线词语的褒贬。1. He is always hankering after personal fame and gains.2. She is fond of figure skating. 3. He is in the fur trade.4. You are peddling national nihilism.5. He collaborated with the invaders and betrayed his motherland.6. We should enhance our mutual cooperation.7. He is deeply engro
46、ssed in medical research.8. That chap is infatuated with fame and fortune.9. It shall be strictly prohibited that more forests and pastures be turned onto farmland.10. Chinas economy is a major question.11. The stubborn boy refused to listen to his parens advice.12. He accomplished the work with stu
47、bborn effort.短文翻译练习21. PANAMA (City)capital and largest city of the country, located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal. It has an area of 106.5 sq km, and a population of 386,000. Greater Panamas population is 695,000 (1980 census), accounting for more than one third the countrys total. Situated on a lithologic peninsula at an average altitude of 36 m, the city faces the sea with hills for a background. It has a humid and hot cli