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1、 本科生毕业设计 (论文)外 文 翻 译原 文 标 题Building construction concrete crack of prevention and processing译 文 标 题 建筑施工混凝土裂缝的预防与处理作者所在系别建筑工程作者所在专业土木工程作者所在班级 作 者 姓 名 作 者 学 号 指导教师姓名 指导教师职称 完 成 时 间2017年3月北华航天工业学院教务处制毕 业 设 计（论 文）外文翻译建筑施工混凝土开裂预防加工抽象具体的裂缝问题是广泛的存在，但是在解决工程实际问题上再次困难，本文对具体工程中的一些熟悉的裂纹问题进行了研究分析，并针对具体情况提出了一些预防
2、，加工测量。关键词：混凝土防裂加工前言混凝土的作用1是由石灰石骨料，水泥，水等混合物预料的，但形成的材料质量脆性不是全部材料。由于混凝土施工自身变形，控制等一系列问题，硬化模型在具体存在着许多小孔，精神洞穴和微小的裂缝，正是因为这些开始的存在瑕疵才使混凝土呈现出一些不是全部的质量特征。微裂纹是一种无害的裂缝，接受混凝土沉重，防守沉等一些其他使用功能不能造成危害。但混凝土经受荷载后，温度差异等功能，微小的裂缝会连续扩张，结束形成我们可以看到没有宏观工具的帮助裂缝也是混凝土在工程中常说的裂缝。混凝土建筑和ou片通常都是下水道制作，由于存在和发展的裂缝，通常会使钢筋的内部部分材料造成破坏，下层钢筋混
3、凝土材料的承载能力，耐用和抗震能力，影响建筑外部外观，使用寿命，严重程度将威胁到人们的生命和财产安全。很多工程事故的崩溃是因为裂缝的不稳定发展，结果是，现代科学研究与大量的具体工程实习证书，在混凝土工程裂缝问题是不可避免的，也是可以接受的范围只需要采取有效的措施，就会在一定范围内危及程度控制。钢筋混凝土规范也是明确的规定：条件不同的一些结构允许存在一定宽度的裂缝。但在施工时应尽可能采取有效的措施控制裂缝创造，使结构不会出现裂缝，或尽可能减少数量和宽度的裂缝，特别希望尽可能避免有害的出现裂缝，从而确保工程质量。原因的混凝土裂缝产生了很多，已经转变成裂缝的原因：如温度变化，收缩，膨胀，不对称下沉等
4、原因造成裂纹;外部带有功能引起的裂纹;保护环境不适合化学效应引起的裂纹等。在实际工程中有待分化处理，根据实际情况出现问题。在混凝土工程中熟悉的裂缝和预防措施1.防止裂缝和防止在混凝土保护完成一段时间后或混凝土洒上建立后，大约出现一周左右的水泥裂缝。在水泥中糖浆湿度的蒸发会造成茎秆，这种收缩是不能消极的。创造的主要原因是由于混凝土内部的外部湿度蒸发程度不同，导致结果不同：混凝土受到影响对外界条件的影响，表面湿度损失导致快速变换，内部湿度变化较小，变形较小，较大的表面干燥，变形受到混凝土内部控制，创造更大的拉力应该创造裂缝。相对湿度较低，水泥糖浆体茎柄较大，茎穗裂更容易创造。等位线形成或网浅薄裂缝
5、，宽度在0.05-0.2毫米之间，平面部分多见于大体积混凝土，并在更薄的梁板上分布较多，分布较短。的影响具体，导致耐蚀日蚀影响钢筋混凝土，在水压力的作用下，会产生水力分裂裂缝，影响混凝土的荷载等。混凝土主要以水灰比为主，其用量的组成，水泥的水泥，聚集预期的用量和用量等，等等相关。主要预防措施：采用小型水泥，通用低温热水泥和粉煤灰，选择采用较小的水泥，降低水泥用量。二是混凝土的水泥灰比例影响比较大，水灰比较大，水泥比较大，所以在混凝土配比中，设计应尽可能控制好的水灰比选择使用时，Chan加入减水的住宿。三是严格控制混凝土拌和混合配合比例，使用混凝土水量绝对不能大比例设计给定水量使用。四是加强混凝
6、土保护的早期阶段，具体时间适当延长保护。冬季施工要适当延长混凝土保温覆盖时间，并且保护保护。五是建筑在混凝土中收缩缝的结构。裂缝一般在干热或强风天气出现，裂缝多呈现在中心宽度，两端处于中心，长度不同，彼此不一致外观。较短裂缝一般长20-30厘米，更长的裂缝可以达到2-3米，宽度1-5毫米。其主要原因是：混凝土最终几乎没有力毕 业 设 计（论 文）外文翻译力量或力量，宁宁之前很小，也许混凝土最终宁宁但力量非常小，受热或比较强烈的风力影响，混凝土表面失水导致快速，导致毛细管产生较大的负压，但使具体体积大幅度收缩，但此时混凝土的强度再次可以“抵制它影响混凝土开采的主要因素是水灰比，混凝土时间，环境温
7、度，风速，相对湿度等。主要预防措施：一是选择使用茎秆价值较小，较早期的酸性酸盐较好，或常见的酸性盐水泥减少水泥和水的用量。三是在建筑混凝土，水基层和模板之前洒水均匀浸泡。四是及时覆盖塑料薄膜，大麻片等的可能潮湿的草垫，保持混凝土最后在宁表面潮湿之前，也许可以喷涂保护等来在混凝土表面进行保护。五是在炎热和强烈的风中天气要建立，以掩盖太阳和阻挡b重新设计，及时保护。 3.沉没裂缝和防止沉没裂缝的创造是因为结构基础土壤质量不均匀，松软或回填填土不诚实或浸泡在水中，但导致不对称槽下降，结果也许由于模板只是程度不足，模板支撑了一次，从大的或支撑底部的松动等等引起，特别是在冬天，模板支撑在果冻土壤，果冻土
8、壤变成果冻皇后创造不对称下沉，造成混凝土结构创造裂缝。这种裂缝许多是通过性裂纹深入或穿透，它的对准与沉陷有关，一般遵循地面垂直或存在30s- 45开角方向发展，较大的下沉到裂缝，通常有一定的错误，裂缝宽度通常与下沉量的直接比例关系。在温度v的影响下的宽度一流的小型化。变形稳定后的基础下沉，裂缝也基本趋于稳定。主要预防措施：一是松土软土，回填土工一体施工，上部施工结构前端应进行固体加固。二是保证模板的实力，只有学位，支撑坚定，使基础得到平衡。三是保持混凝土的喷洒，在此过程中的基础被水浸泡。四是模板的时间不能太早，并要注意拆除顺序的模具顺序。五是在果冻土顶上建立模板，注意采取一定的预防措施。 4.
9、温度裂缝和防止温度裂纹大面积或物理体积混凝土的温差变化比较混凝土结构的土体面积。混凝土喷洒后，在硬化过程中，水泥水转动创造了大量的水转热，（水泥用量在350-550公斤/立方米3，每个符号平方米的混凝土将释放热量17500-27500 kJ，使混凝土内部温度上升到70左右甚至更高）由于混凝土的体积更大，大量的水在混凝土内部部分积聚而不是容易发出，导致内部温度高高，但混凝土表面散热更快，因此在室外形成较大的温差，温差较大导致内部和外部热膨胀程度不一致，使混凝土表面产生一定的拉应力。当拉伸应超过抗混凝土拉力强度极限时，混凝土表面会议产生裂纹，这种裂缝发生在施工期后的混凝土中。在下面的混凝土中建筑温
10、差变化差异较大，也许是混凝土受到寒浪等的袭击，会引起混凝土表面的温度混凝土表面的收缩性急剧下降，但混凝土的表面收缩受到内部控制混凝土的控制，创造非常大的拉应力，但产生裂纹，这种裂缝通常只在混凝土表面创造的较浅的范围内。温度裂纹的对准通常没有调节，大面积结构裂纹经常机动交错;梁板尺寸较大的结构，裂缝与短边平行更多;穿透性能高的裂纹一般和短路侧向平行或接近平行度，裂缝沿长边分段出现，在中心更加密封。宽度尺寸不同，受温度变化影响较明显，冬季比较宽，夏季较窄。混凝土温度裂缝导致热膨胀通常在中心厚两端较薄，但冷o裂厚度较薄的品种不太明显。这种裂纹的出现将导致钢筋的锈蚀，混凝土的碳化，抗凝胶降低混凝土熔体
11、，抗疲劳和抗沉能力等。主要预防措施：一是尽可能选择使用低温或中热水泥，如矿渣，水泥等粉末灰。两个是减少水泥用量，水泥用量尽可能控制在450kg / m 3以下。三是降低水灰比，一般混凝土比例的水灰比控制在0.6. 毕 业 设 计（论 文）外文翻译四是改善骨预测类一起去,陈加粉火山灰炉子或有效地减少水等来减少水泥用量,降低水热转。五是改善混凝土混合混合处理工艺,降低浇混凝土建造的温度。陈六的另外添加一个固定数量的减少水和增加苏,缓慢Ning等具体功能,改善混凝土混合匹配的流动性,保护水,降低水转热,推迟热峰出现的时间。七是热季节洒构建采用可以采取建立隐藏阳光板等援助措施控制混凝土的温,建立混凝土
12、洒温度下降。八大体积混凝土的温度应该是力与结构尺寸、混凝土结构尺寸更大,温度应该力更大,所以要合理安排施工工序,分层,分件洒构建,为方便在热传播,让控制。九是在伟大的内在物理卷的宪法部分混凝土冷却管道、冷水也许冷空气冷却,让混凝土的内外温差。十是加强混凝土温度的监督,采取及时降温,保护措施。11是储备温度收缩缝。12是让控制,之前撒上适当的建筑混凝土霁岩石和旧混凝土前建立一个5毫米左右的砂垫层或使用沥青等材料涂刷.13是保护,加强混凝土混凝土后浇构建使用潮湿的草丽安,麻片等覆盖,和关注撒水保护,适当延长保护时间,保证混凝土表面缓慢移动的酷off.At寒冷的季节,混凝土表面应宪法保温措施,以防止
13、寒潮袭击。14是分配少量的混凝土钢筋可能添加纤维材料混凝土温度裂缝控制在一定的范围内。5.化学反应导致碱性骨骼发生裂纹和预防反应裂纹和钢筋锈蚀引起的裂纹是由于化学反应而引起的裂纹引起的钢筋混凝土结构中最为熟悉的。混凝土混合了未来的团聚创造一些碱性离子，这些离子与一些活动骨骼预期产生化学反应，吸收水中的环境环境，但物理体积增大，使混凝土松脆，膨胀开裂。在这种裂缝一般出现混凝土结构使用期，一旦出现非常困难的补救措施，应在施工中采取有效的措施进行预防。主要预防措施：选择预期与碱性活动小石灰石骨头。另外还有选择使用低碱性低碱或无碱。三是选择使用住宿的陈，预计会压制碱骨以预期反应。由于混凝土喷洒构建，襟
14、翼坏可能是钢筋保护层更薄，有害物质进入混凝土，使钢筋产生锈蚀，钢筋体积的锈蚀膨胀，引起混凝土隆起裂纹，这种类型的裂纹很多是裂缝长度，跟随钢筋出现的位置。通常防止措施有：一个是确保钢筋保护层的厚度。两个是一个具体的类一起去想要好三是混凝土喷洒注意和折叠到气密固体。四是一种钢筋表面层涂刷防腐涂料。破裂处理裂缝的出现不仅会影响整体的结构，而且会导致钢筋的锈蚀，加速混凝土的碳化，耐久性和抗混凝土的耐磨性，抗沉能力。因此，根据属性的裂缝和具体情况，我们希望区分对待，及时处理，安全使用的保证建设。混凝土裂缝的修复措施主要有以下几种方法：表面修复方法，灌注糖浆，前缝法，结构加固方法，混凝土置换法，电化学保护
15、法，模仿生物治疗方法。表面修复方法是一种简单，熟悉的修复方法，主要适用于稳定性和结构加载能力，没有表面裂纹的影响和深加工加工的裂纹。加工措施通常是表面裂纹高岭水泥糖浆，花环氧气胶泥或混凝土表面涂二油漆，沥青等防腐材料，同时保持混凝土在各种功能的影响下继续开裂，通常可以采用裂纹胶表面贴玻璃纤维布等措施。 1，灌注糖浆，钱缝法灌注糖浆方法主要是混凝土裂缝已经适用于影响或已经捍卫沉要求的结构整体修复，它是利用压力设备将胶结材料压入混凝土裂缝中，胶结后硬化后的材料和混凝土形成一个整体，从而加强目的。常用的胶结材料有水泥浆，环氧树脂，A Ji C Xi酸酯和聚氨酯等均匀学习材料。最新的缝制方法是，裂纹是
16、一种最常用的方法，它通常是沿着裂缝槽，填在槽或刚性水中，达到目的的闭合裂纹。共同点使用苏材料有PVC胶泥，塑料软膏，D吉橡胶等;通常使用刚性水的材料是聚合物水泥砂浆。原文Building construction concrete crack of prevention and processingAbstractThe crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a stu
17、dy analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concrete engineering, and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention, processing measure. Keyword:Concrete crack prevention processingForewordConcretes ising 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone, cement, water and othe
18、r mixture but formation of the in addition material of quality brittleness not and all material.Because the concrete construction transform with oneself, control etc. a series problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole, spirit cave and tiny crack, is exactly because these
19、beginning start blemish of existence just make the concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of quality.The tiny crack is a kind of harmless crack and accept concrete heavy, defend Shen and a little bit other use function not a creation to endanger.But after the concrete be subjected
20、to lotus carry, difference in temperature etc. function, tiny crack would continuously of expand with connect, end formation we can see without the aid of instruments of macro view the crack be also the crack that the concrete often say in the engineering. Concrete building and Gou piece usually all
21、 take sewer to make of, because of crack of existence and development usually make inner part of reinforcing bar etc. material creation decay, lower reinforced concrete material of loading ability, durable and antiShen ability, influence building of external appearance, service life, severity will t
22、hreat arrive peoples life and property safety.A lot of all of crash of engineerings is because of the unsteady development of the crack with the result that.Modern age science research with a great deal of of the concrete engineering practice certificate, in theconcrete engineering crack problem is
23、ineluctable, also acceptable in certainly of thescope just need to adopt valid of measure will it endanger degree control at certain of scope inside.The reinforced concrete norm is also explicit provision:Some structure at place of dissimilarity under the condition allow existence certain the crack
24、of width.But at under construction should as far as possible adopt a valid measure control crack creation, make the structure dont appear crack possibly or as far as possible decrease crack of amount and width, particularly want to as far as possible avoid harmful crack of emergence, insure engineer
25、ing quality thus. Concrete crack creation of the reason be a lot of and have already transformed to cause of crack:Such as temperature variety, constringency, inflation, the asymmetry sink to sink etc. reason cause of crack;Have outside carry the crack that the function cause;Protected environment n
26、ot appropriate the crack etc. caused with chemical effect.Want differentiation to treat in the actual engineering, workout a problem according to the actual circumstance. In the concrete engineering the familiar crack and the prevention 1.Stem Suo crack and prevention Stem the Suo crack much appear
27、after the concrete protect be over of a period of time or concrete sprinkle to build to complete behind of around a week.In the cement syrup humidity of evaporate would creation stem Suo, and this kind of constringency is cant negative.Stem Suo crack of the creation be main is because of concrete in
28、side outside humidity evaporate degree dissimilarity but cause to transform dissimilarity of result:The concrete is subjected to exterior condition of influence, surface humidity loss lead quick, transform bigger, inner part degree of humidity variety smaller transform smaller, bigger surface stem t
29、he Suo transform to be subjected to concrete inner part control, creation more big pull should dint but creation crack.The relative humidity is more low, cement syrup body stem Suo more big, stem the Suo crack be more easy creation.Stem the Suo crack is much surface parallel lines form or the net sh
30、allow thin crack, width many between 0.05-0.2 mm, the flat surface part much see in the big physical volume concrete and follow it more in thinner beam plank short to distribute.Stem Suo crack usually the anti- Shen of influence concrete, cause thedurable of the rust eclipse influence concrete of re
31、inforcing bar, under the function of the water pressure dint would creation the water power split crack influence concrete of loading dint etc.Concrete stem the Suo be main with water ash of the concrete ratio, the dosage of the composition, cement of cement, gather to anticipate of the dosage of th
32、e property and dosage, in addition etc. relevant. Main prevention measure:While being to choose to use the constringency quantity smaller cement, general low hot water mire and powder ash from stove cement in the adoption, lower the dosage of cement.Two is a concrete of stem the Suo be subjected to
33、water ash ratio of influence more big, water ash ratio more big, stem Suo more big, so in the concrete match the ratio the design should as far as possible control good water ash ratio of choose to use, the Chan add in the meantime accommodation of reduce water.Three is strict control concrete mix b
34、lend with under construction of match ratio, use of concrete water quantity absolute cant big in match ratio design give settle of use water quantity.Four is the earlier period which strengthen concrete to protect, and appropriate extension protect of concrete time.Winter construction want to be app
35、ropriate extension concrete heat preservation to overlay time, and Tu2 Shua protect to protect.Five is a constitution the accommodation is in the concrete structure of the constringency sew. 2.The Su constringency crack and prevention Su constringency is the concrete is before condense, surface beca
36、use of lose water quicker but creation of constringency.The Su constringencycrack is general at dry heat or strong wind the weather appear, cracks much presenting in the center breadth, both ends be in the centerthin and the length be different, with each other not coherent appearance.Shorter crack
37、general long 20-30 cm, the longer crack can reach to a 2-3 m, breadth 1-5 mm.It creation of main reason is:The concrete is eventually almost having no strength or strength before the Ning very small, perhaps concrete just eventually Ning but strength very hour, be subjected to heat or compare strong
38、 wind dint of influence, the concrete surface lose water to lead quick, result in in the capillary creation bigger negative press but make a concrete physical volume sharply constringency, but at this time the strength of concrete again cant resist itsconstringency, therefore creation cracked.The in
39、fluence concrete Su constringency open the main factor of crack to have water ash ratio, concrete of condense time, environment temperature, wind velocity, relative humidityetc. Main prevention measure:One is choose to use stem the Suo value smaller higher Huo sour salt of the earlier period strengt
40、h or common the Huo sour brine mire.Two is strict the control water ash ratio, the Chan add to efficiently reduce water to increment the collapse of concrete fall a degree and with easy, decrease cement and water of dosage.Three is to sprinkle before building concrete, water basic level and template
41、 even to soak through.Four is in time to overlay the perhaps damp grass mat of the plastics thin film, hemp slice etc., keep concrete eventually before the Ning surface is moist, perhaps spray to protect etc. to carry on protect in the concrete surface.Five is in the heat and strong wind the weather
42、 to want to establish to hide sun and block breeze facilities, protect in time. 3.Sink to sink crack and prevention The creation which sink to sink crack is because of the structure foundation soil quality not and evenly, loose soft or return to fill soil dishonest or soak in water but result in the
43、 asymmetry sink to decline with the result that;Perhaps because of template just degree shortage, the template propped up to once be apart from big or prop up bottom loose move etc. to cause, especially at winter, the template prop up at jelly soil up, jelly the soil turn jelly empress creation asym
44、metry to sink to decline and cause concrete structure creation crack.This kind crack many is deep enter or pierce through sex crack, it alignment have something to do with sinking to sink a circumstance, general follow with ground perpendicular or present 30 s-45 Cape direction development, bigger s
45、ink to sink crack, usually have certain of wrong, crack width usually with sink to decline quantity direct proportion relation.Crack width under the influence of temperature variety smaller.The foundation after transform stability sink to sink crack also basic tend in stability. Main prevention meas
46、ure:One is rightness loose soft soil, return to fill soil foundation a construction at the upper part structure front should carry on necessity of Hang solid with reinforce.Two is the strength that assurance template is enough andjust degree, and prop up firm, and make the foundation be subjected to
47、 dint even.Three is keep concrete from sprinkle infusing the foundation in the process is soak by water.Four is time that template tore down to cant be too early, and want to notice to dismantle a mold order of sequence.Five is at jelly soil top take to establish template to notice to adopt certain
48、of prevention measure. 4.Temperature crack and prevention Temperature crack much the occurrence is in big surface or difference in temperature variety of the physical volume concrete compare the earth area of the concrete structure.Concrete after sprinkling to build, in the hardening the process, ce
49、ment water turn a creation a great deal of of water turn hot, .(be the cement dosage is in the 350-550 kg/m 3, each sign square the rice concrete will release acalories of 17500-27500 kJ and make concrete internal thus the temperature rise to reach to 70 or so even higher)Because the physical volume of concrete be more big, a great deal of of water turn hot accumulate at the concrete inner part but not easy send forth, c