《毕业论文外文翻译-基于FPGA的停车场管理系统的设计与实现.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《毕业论文外文翻译-基于FPGA的停车场管理系统的设计与实现.docx（22页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、附件1：外文资料翻译译文基于FPGA的停车场管理系统的设计与实现摘要由于汽车数量在快速的增加。它造成污染 （噪声和空气） 交通挤塞的问题。为了克服这个问题。提出了基于 FPGA 的停车系统。在本文，停车场系统实现了利用有限状态机模型。该系统具有两个主要模块即识别模块和检查模块的插槽，识别模块标识位访客，插槽检查模块检查有关插槽的状态，这些模块是在高密度脂蛋白中建模，在 FPGA 上实现。结合传感器接口、 步进电机、 液晶屏的各种接口设计了一个原型的停车系统。关键词 有限状态机；停车场系统；容量-51.介绍车辆交通拥堵是一个世界性的问题。近年来，已经全力在实现一种方法来减少拥堵、 事故和灾害等停
2、车问题。图1：城市交通拥堵趋势如中所示图 1 拥塞显然逐年增加，它显示了一些问题。图中表明拥塞需要花更长的时间才能到从工作中尖峰时刻。停车场系统还可以利用创新技术提高付费停车方便和快捷。现今，刷一下智能卡就可以实现付费功能，减少交易时间。移动设备也可以用于支付交易。公共地区需要停车系统，能够有效的运作，与其他城市公用地区相结合。因为没有适当方式，所以分配车位的停车场管理系统在协调和集中管理中呈现了失败的效果。为了避免这些问题，提出智能停车系统的设计，用基于 FPGA 来检查某些功能块。近年来，FPGA 的可重构是有效的方法来实现的设计，因为 FPGA 提供通用处理器和 ASIC 之间的协调。基
3、于 FPGA 的设计也更灵活，可编程，可重新加载。基于 FPGA 的设计可以方便地修改软件部分。2.相关工作宫俊燕等相关人士,提出一种新颖，安全,智能的停车系统 （智能停车）主要是基于保护无线网络与传感器通信。停车空间利用率高和免费、快速的现时间是提出研究的目的。苏春、安康山等，提出了用停车系统中的驱动程序来了解在停车场的帮助下 SMS 服务空间的可用性。驱动程序可以发送短信实现请求新的空间，如果前一个被填满，驱动程序可以找到最近的空间停车使用基于无线移动的汽车停车系统。结果，表明该系统有效地分配的插槽和充分利用停车空间。安古普塔等，描述了阿克曼转向配置高效汽车停车算法。该算法利用几何计算路径
4、规划。结果显示了一个快速、 高效、 安全的停车系统。花春潭等，提出了用于大型停车场的高效停车搜索技术。在这篇文章中，提出在道路附近的停车场安装摄像机和捕获关于汽车颜色和车牌识别的信息，并保存到数据库中。谢刚等，提出了一个停车系统，消除了关于空档停车的问题。作者使用无线技术来提高停车效率。宫俊燕等，提出通知基于停车系统。在这停车系统中，驱动程序可以查询及预订停车位，以及为安全目的加密/解密技术使用，仿真结果都是高效的。Insop Song等提出基于 FPGA 停车系统,采用模糊逻辑控制器 (FLC),主要优点是计算时间大量减少了。在这项研究工作中，模拟真实环境中使用 VHDL 代码测试机器人小车
5、，并在 基于FPGA 的基础上进行测试。3停车场管理系统停车系统的基本操作解释为 当车辆进入停车场时，液晶屏显示内容提示，是否有停车位空缺。如果有空位，然后启动电机，打开停车场入口的门。射频模块用来传送和接收插槽可用性信息。根据射频模块的输出，LED 的发光。根据信息驱动程序可以停车。停车系统框图所示图 2.主机计算机作为控制单元。主要程序为 FPGA。图2：停车系统的结构图3.1硬件执行LCD为16引脚配置，Vss是接地引脚， Vcc是电源引脚，Vee用于控制对比度， RS为寄存器选择引脚，命令和数据根据RS引脚状态选择，E为使能信号。DB0-DB7是数据线15和16引脚用于调整背光。分配给
6、FPGA的LCD的控制和数据线如图3所示。图3（a）：LCD与FPGA接口（引脚分配）步进电机通过使用ULN 2003与FPGA连接。开发板的任何I / O端口可用于接口。在图中，开发板的DI/O端口用于与步进电机的连接。 FPGA，ULN 2003和步进电机的引脚分配如图3（b）所示。图3（b）：步进电机与FPGA的接口（引脚分配） 射频模块：在本模块中，红外传输接收器用于检测车辆是否存在。 红外传感器向HT12E编码器发送插槽状态。编码器由18引脚配置。并行数据由编码器转换为串行。 收集数据在编码器的数据输出引脚。 从数据输出引脚串行发射到RF发射器。 在RF接收机处串行接收数据。 HT1
7、2D解码器从RF接收器接收数据，然后将转换器串行转换回并行形式。 HT12D解码器的数据引脚与Virtex 5CI/O端口信号引脚连接。图3（c）：HT12D解码器与FPGA的接口（引脚分配）平台：由IR传感器、HT12E编码器、RF模块、HT12D解码器和FPGA的LED组成，用于显示结果。 软件模块：Xilinx版本12.4用于VHDL编码。 接口：在提出的系统LCD中，步进电机和RF模型接口是用FPGA完成的。3.2有限状态机的系统的运行为了实施停车系统状态图构造。我们知道模拟系统的执行空间的可用性，电机旋转的门打开，标识和插槽的可用性信息。该系统包括识别插槽选择插槽4.FPGA 实现
8、4.1 设计停车系统与状态机图ASMD 图表是算法状态机图。显示停车系统流程图的工作方式。对于模拟模型，椭圆形的心形的盒子用来描述过去的状态，以及当前输入的输出。图中所示的图表 ASMD 是停车场系统工作。在停车场入口处，液晶屏显示停车系统的状态。如果有可用空间，然后液晶显示可用空间其他液晶显示没有空间退出。根据空间状态马达旋转顺时针方向。后该鉴定单位标识的人。为新成员分配临时卡。经过鉴定，检查插槽状态。状态可以是填充、 空或保留。在这个过程中使用射频传感器。 图4：停车场管理系统的ASMD图4.2结果检查门空间后，会打开步进电机。然后模拟时钟脉冲和重置应用会输入。碳纳米管和 clkd 是信号
9、。当重置高向低，步进电机转动。步进电机的仿真波形图 4（a）所示。 图4（a） 模拟步进电机放图 4（b） RTL 视图步进电机与 LCD 接口技术如上图显示了 RTL 视图步进电机与 LCD 接口技术。clk 是系统时钟信号，rst 是控制信号，D(7:0) 是数据线，Z(3:0) 是步进电机的输出信号，E 是液晶显示器的使能信号，rs 是寄存器选择信号。rw 是读/写控制信号。当门打开了时，识别过程开始。w，w1、 w2、 z、 clk 和重置是投入。Out_1 是输出。Current_state 和 next_state 描述了确定访客或新成员。Pr_st 和 nx_st 显示人的标识。
10、下图是仿真显示识别过程图4（c）：模拟识别模块该插槽后检查过程开始了。这里的 w1，w2、 w3，w、clk，rest是输入的信号。Led_slotallot 和 slotallot 是输出信号。当复位信号熄灭高向低，系统从空闲状态出来。在下图的模拟输入信号中，插槽 15 是可用的。下图是仿真显示插槽分配功能。图 4 （d） 插槽分配特征的模拟现在识别和插槽分配模块集成。clk，w3，car_enter，休息，w4，找到，a，w2 是输入的信号。确定new_member、 fnd1、 z、 led、 led_filled、 led_reserv、 cout 输出信号。根据输入信号，检查插槽状态
11、。图4（e） 完整的停车系统的仿真结果图5:RTL 视图停车系统图上方显示 32 插槽及 RTL 视图停车系统。W2、 W3、 W4 是输入的信号，rest是控制信号，Clk 是系统时钟信号，Led，led_filled，led_reserv是输出信号，显示插槽的状态。识别和 new_member 也显示结果识别模块的输出信号。5.总结 目前，基于 FPGA 泊车系统被采用 Fsm Xilinx ISE 设计套件 12.4。 设计验证容量 5 FPGA 工具包，状态机提高生产率、 降低成本并缩短上市时间。基于 FPGA 停车系统，给出了快速响应。所设计的系统可用于许多应用程序，可以轻松地提高插
12、槽选项数目，利用设计系统使停车更方便。附件2：外文原文（复印件）Design and implementation of car parking system on FPGAABSTRACTAs, the number of vehicles are increased day by day in rapid manner. It causes the problem of traffic congestion, pollution (noise and air). To overcome this problem.A FPGA based parking system has been pr
13、oposed. In this paper, parking system is implemented using Finite State Machine modelling. The system has two main modules i.e. identification module and slot checking module. Identification module identifies the visitor. Slot checking module checks the slot status. These modules are modelled in HDL
14、 and implemented on FPGA. A prototype of parking system is designed with various interfaces like sensor interfacing, stepper motor and LCD.KEYWORDS :Finite State Machine; Parking System; Virtex- 5;1. INTRODUCTIONVehicle traffic congestion is a worldwide problem. In recent years, efforts have been ma
15、de to introduce a method to reduce parking problems such as congestion, accidents and hazards.Figure1:Congestion Trends in Urban AreaAs shown in figure 1 congestion has clearly grown year by year. It creates a number of problems. Congestion used to mean it took longer to get to from work in the rush
16、 hour.Parking systems can also take advantage of innovative technologies in order to improve the ease and convenience of paying for parking. Now a day, Smart cards minimize transaction time by allowing a user to simply wave their card in front of a reader. Mobile devices can also be used in payment
17、transactions. Public utilities need a parking system that can function efficiently and be integrated with the other urban city utilities. For allotment of parking slots there is no proper way thus parking management system fails in coordination and centralizing the information for an effective syste
18、m. To avoid these problems, a design of an intelligent parking system is proposed,which will be implemented on FPGA to check its functionality. Recently, a reconfigurable FPGA is efficient method to implement a design, because FPGA provides a compromise between general-purpose processors and ASIC. T
19、he FPGA based design is also more flexible, programmable and can be re-programmed. FPGA based design can easily be modified by modifying designs software part.2. RELATED WORKGongjun Yan et.al, describes a novel, secure, and intelligent parking system (Smart Parking) based on secured wireless network
20、 and sensor communication. High parking space utilization and fast free spot finding time are the result of proposed research. Soh Chun Khang et.al, presents a parking system in which driver comes to know about the space availability in the parking lot with the help of SMS service. Driver can resend
21、 SMS in order to request new space if the previous one is filled. Driver can find nearest space for parking using wireless mobile based car parking system. Results, shows that the system efficiently allocates the slots and utilizes the full parking space. Ankit Gupta et.al, describes an efficient ca
22、r parking algorithm for ackerman steering configuration. This algorithm uses geometric calculations for path planning. Result shows a fast, efficient and safer parking system. Hua chun tan et.al, proposed an efficient car searching technique for larger parking lot. In this paper, cameras are install
23、ed in roads nearby parking lot and information regarding car like colour and license plate recognition is captured and saved in the database. S. V. Srikanth et.al, proposed a parking system which eliminates problems regarding finding vacant slot for parking. Author uses wireless technology to enhanc
24、e parking efficiency. Gongjun Yan et.al, proposed NOTICE based parking system. In this parking system, drivers can check and reserve the slot for parking. For security purposes encryption/decryption techniques are used. Simulation results are highly efficient. Insop Song et.al proposed FPGA based pa
25、rking system using fuzzy logic controller (FLC). Reduction in computation time is its advantage. In this research work a robot car is made and tested in real environment using VHDL code. Design is simulated and tested on FPGA.3. PROPOSED PARKING SYSTEMThe basic operation of the parking system is exp
26、lained as: When a vehicle enters in the parking lot, LCD displays, if the space is available in parking lot or not.If the space is available then stepper motor rotates and door opens for vehicle entrance. RF module is used to transmit and receive slot availability information.According to RF Modules
27、 output,LEDs glow.According to information driver can park the vehicle.Block diagram for the parking system is shown in figure 2.Host computer acts as control unit.Once host computer program the FPGA.Figure 2: Block diagram of the parking system3.1 Hardware implementation LCD is of 16 pin configurat
28、ion. Vss is ground pin. Vcc is power supply pin.Vee is used to control the contrast. RS is register select pin.Command and data is select according to RS pin status.E is enable signal. DB0-DB7 are data lines.15 and 16 pins are used to adjust backlight.Control and data lines of LCD assigned to FPGA a
29、re shown in figure 3.Figure 3(a):LCD interfacing with FPGA(Pin assignment)Stepper motor interfaced with FPGA by using ULN 2003. Any I/O port of Development Boardcan be used for interfacing. Here, D I/O port of Development Board is used for interfacing withstepper motor. Pin assignment of FPGA, ULN 2
30、003, and stepper motor is shown in figure 3(b). Figure 3(b):stepper motor interfacing with FPGA(Pin assignment)RF Module: In this module IR trans-receiver pair is used to detect vehicle presence. IR sensors transmit slots status to HT12E encoder. Encoder consists of 18 pin configuration. Parallel da
31、ta convert into serial by encoder. Data is collected at data out pin of encoder. From data out pin data serially transmit towards RF transmitter. Data serially received at RF receiver. HT12D decoder receivers data from RF receiver, then converter back serial to parallel form. HT12D decoders data pin
32、s are interfaced with Virtex 5 C I/O port signal pins.Figure 3(c):HT12D Decoder interfacing with FPGA(Pin assignment)Platform: consisting of IR sensors, HT12E encoder, RF module, HT12D decoder and LEDs of FPGA are used to display results. Software Module: Xilinx version 12.4 is used for VHDL coding.
33、 Interfacing: In proposed system LCD, Stepper motor and RF models interfacing is done with FPGA.3.2 Finite state machine for the operation of the systemIn order to implement parking system a state diagram is constructed. As we know that the proposed system performs space availability, motor rotation
34、 for door opening, identification and slot availability information. The system includes:IdentificationSlot Selection4. FPGA IMPLEMENTATION 4.1 Designing of parking system with State Machine DiagramASMD chart is Algorithm State Machine Diagram. This shows the working of parking system in the form of
35、 a flow chart. For the proposed model, oval shaped boxes are used to describe the output that depends upon past state as well as present input. The ASMD chart shown in figure 4 gives working of the car parking system. At the entrance of parking area, LCD displays the status of parking system. If spa
36、ce is available then LCD displays space available else LCD displays no space exit. According to space status motor rotates in clockwise direction. After that identification unit identifies the person. For new member temporary card is allotted. After identification, slot status is checked. Status can
37、 be filled, empty or reserved. RF sensors are used in this process.Figure 4:ASMD char for parking system4.2 ResultsAfter space checking door will open with the help of stepper motor. Here in simulation clk pulse and reset is applied as an input. Cnt and clkd are signals. When reset goes high-to-low,
38、 stepper motor rotates. Simulation wave forms of stepper motor are shown in figure 4(a)Figure 4（a）:Simulation of stepper motor ratation Figure 4(b) :RTL view of stepper motor and LCD interfacingFigure 4(b):RTL view of stepper motor and LCD interfacingFigure above shows the RTL view of stepper motor
39、and LCD interfacing.clk is system clock signal. rst is control signal. D(7:0) are data lines. Z(3:0) is output signal of stepper motor. E is enable signal of LCD. rs is register select signal. rw is read/write controlsignal.When door opened, identification process starts. w, w1, w2, z, clk and reset
40、 are inputs. Out_1 is output. Current_state and next_state describes visitor is identified or a new member has come. Pr_st and nx_st shows person which is identified. Following simulation shows identification process: Figure 4(c):Simulation of identification moduleAfter that slot checking procedure
41、starts. Here w1, w2, w3, w, clk, reset are input signals. Led_slotallot and slotallot are output signals. When reset signal goes high-to-low, system comes out from idle state. According to input signals in following simulation slot 15 is available. Following simulation shows slot allotment feature.F
42、igure 4(d):Simulation of slot allotment featureNow identification and slot allotment modules are integrated. clk, w3, car_enter,rest,w4,find,a,w2 are input signals.Identified,new_member,fnd1,z, led,led_filled,led_reserv,cout are output signals. According to input signal, slot status is checked.Figur
43、e 4(e):Simulation results of complete parking systemFigure 5:RTL view of parking systemFigure above shows the 32 slot involving RTL view parking system.W2, W3, W4 are input signals. Reset is control signal.Clk is system clock signal. Led, led_filled, led_reserv are output signals,which shows slot st
44、atus.Identified and new_member are also output signals,which shows result of identification module.5. CONCLUSIONThe present FPGA based parking system is implemented using FSMs with the help of Xilinx ISE Design Suite 12.4.The design is verified on Virtex 5 FPGA kit.State machines increase productivi
45、ty, reduces cost,and accelerates time to market. FPGA based parking system,gives fast response.The designed system can be used for many applications and can easily enhance the number of slot selections. Parking becomes easy by the use of Designed system.五分钟搞定5000字毕业论文外文翻译，你想要的工具都在这里!在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一
46、个非常重要的环节，许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献，借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多，慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器：Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸（完整版本）和CNKI“翻译助手。具体操作过程如下： 1.先打开金山词霸自动取词功能，然后阅读文献； 2.遇到无法理解的长句时，可以交给Google处理，处理后的结果猛一看，不堪入目，可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明了了； 3.如果通过Google仍然无法理解，感觉就是不同，那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词”理解有误，因为某些单词看似很简单，但是在文献中有特殊的意思，这时就可以通过C
47、NKI的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思，由于CNKI的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献，所以它的吻合率很高。 另外，在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位，这样才不会造成“只见树木，不见森林”的误导。四大工具： 1、Google翻译： google，众所周知，谷歌里面的英文文献和资料还算是比较详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文，当然这方面的帖子很多，大家可以搜索，在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻译上来。下面给大家举个例子来说明如何用吧比如说“电磁感应透明效应”这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译，首先你可以在CNKI里查中文的，根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做，一般比较准确。
48、 在此主要是说在google里怎么知道这个翻译意思。大家应该都有词典吧，按中国人的办法，把一个一个词分着查出来，敲到google里，你的这种翻译一般不太准，当然你需要验证是否准确了，这下看着吧，把你的那支离破碎的翻译在google里搜索，你能看到许多相关的文献或资料，大家都不是笨蛋，看看，也就能找到最精确的翻译了，纯西式的！我就是这么用的。 2、CNKI翻译： CNKI翻译助手，这个网站不需要介绍太多，可能有些人也知道的。主要说说它的有点，你进去看看就能发现：搜索的肯定是专业词汇，而且它翻译结果下面有文章与之对应（因为它是CNKI检索提供的，它的翻译是从文献里抽出来的），很实用的一个网站。估计别的写文章的人不是傻子吧，它们的东西我们可以直接拿来用，当然省事了。网址告诉大家，有兴趣的进去看看，你们就会发现其乐无穷！还是很值得用的。 3、网路版金山词霸（不到1M）： 4、有道在线翻译：http: