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1、Employee Motivation: A Powerful New ModelBy Nitin Nohria, Boris Groysberg & Linda-Eling Lee 2008-08-01How to create the best employee performance is manager for a long time of challenge. In recent years, the neural science, biology and evolution of interdisciplinary research areas such as psychology
2、, humans have told us four basic emotional needs, and the force driving or what we all the basis of their behavior. The empirical research shows that, but the employee can create better performance. Therefore, to motivate employees, managers should understand the driving force and can take what meas
3、ures to meet the driving force.Acquirement: Get people always try to get some things, to increase the scarcity of his happiness. When the force satisfied, we will feel happy. Conversely, it will feel dissatisfied. This force is often the relative (we always compare themselves with others), and it wa
4、s difficult to satisfy (we always want more).Combination: Many animals are combined with their parents and relatives or close relationship between population, but establish the relationship between human expanded into larger groups, such as organization, community and nation. Driving, people will ge
5、nerate loving, caring, strong positive emotions, etc. Conversely, it will appear as negative emotional loneliness cynical. In the work environment, when the staff for oneself is a member of the organization are proud of their motivation and will greatly improve, And when they had rebelled against th
6、eir will and morale.Understand: We are eager to understand about the world around them, and then put forward various theories to explain all things, and put forward the reasonable action and countermeasures. When things seem pointless, we will feel frustrated, While looking for answers to questions,
7、 the challenge will let us full of passion. In the working environment, workers work done if challenging, and allows them to grow and learn, they will be incentive, And when they do look no value or no future, will be demoralized.Defense: In the face of threats defense, to protect themselves, to pro
8、tect our property and achievements, family and friends, thoughts and beliefs, it is natural to us. This force is rooted in the fight but fled basic response, this is common, but most animals to humans, it not only the offensive or defensive behavior, but also to build a system to promote seek justic
9、e, clear goals and intention, and allow people to speak freely. These forces have been fulfilled, people think and self-confidence otherwise will fear and hate strong negative affection.These four driving are independent of each other, no secondary, also cannot substitute mutually. To fully motivate
10、 employees, managers must satisfy all four driving force. In fact, every emotional force can use different organizations leverage to satisfy the most effectively.Reward System: gain the most easily through the organization of driving system of rewards. Of course, it also depends on the organizations
11、 reward system can effectively define employee performance, will reward with different performance, and give the best chance of promotion of personnel.Culture: If it meet the combination force among employees, cultivating strong friendship, the most effective way is to establish a promote teamwork,
12、cooperation, open and friendly culture.Post designing: It is satisfied with “understanding” force that it is the optimal way to design a meaningful and have fun and challenging positions.Performance management and resource allocation process fairness, credible, transparent, performance management an
13、d resource allocation process, help satisfy peoples defensive driving.In addition, the direct supervisor for employees and motivational degrees plays an important role as organizational policy. Although do not expect to staff the whole company boss incentive system, culture, post design or managemen
14、t system exerting significant effect, but they clearly superior in their influence within the scope of a certain power. For example, in recognition, managers can select and tasks, the rewards and employee performance.In the organization of managers only under the condition of the utmost efforts to s
15、atisfy all four driving force, the employee can most effectively improve the incentive effect on employees, improve the organizational performance.Copyright 2008 Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.Talent flow and leftBy Peter Cappelli 2003-05-01For other company empl
16、oyees openly, it rarely occur in the past, but now it is already used the enterprise. The rapidly changing demands of the market rapidly changing constantly updated the organization. However, no one is willing to see his talent was away. Once the excellent employees leave, the enterprise will hit. I
17、f hope to help enterprises package and career development plan, training programs, like tinkering with the free flow of his talent market today, affirmation in isolation.Now, we have a choice: that is attractive to market-oriented strategy. This strategy, long-term, defies generalizations for employ
18、ee loyalty is neither possible nor necessary, the enterprise can definitely need to keep employees and leave them what how attractive scheme, will focus on the talent to keep up.Today, many enterprises in staff loyalty are dependent on salary, but many attractive salary is a kind of mechanism. Other
19、 personnel loss can be used to reduce the method is: the post to design - the United States through the heavy UPS tedious work load from the driver package for other employee, stripping there was more to keep the driver, To cultivate employees work or specific project team loyalty, Hire skills in ta
20、lent market demand is not high on the staff, The staff in the work place much temptation job-hopping, And other companies to provide staff into pairs across the companys career path. If there is no way to prevent loss of personnel, the enterprise can also use outsourcing, strengthen job, work will h
21、ire employees and standardization, cross training around the short-term organizational work, etc.If the past management methods of retaining staff to maintain a fixed water dam, so the new management methods are more like a flowing rivers, dredge its goal is to prevent water flow, but the flow direc
22、tion and speed control.Copyright 2003 Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.Let who evaluate staffBy Frederick F. Reichheld & Paul Rogers 2005-11-01In the era of wooden, transport and the crew that recruits the appropriate command them to the same direction with traces
23、the OARS will not be easy. In the past, the captain of the common approach is waving the whip crew. Now, in this business, enterprise how to motivate employees when?Recently, in order to solve the problem of all kinds of organization is a constant headache, some companies began to staffs compensatio
24、n and team performance hook, let the customer and employees supervisor to assess performance instead. These examples:In the enterprise, the branch managers, employees want to get promotion, they belong to the service quality team to achieve or exceed the average company, or any single people could n
25、ot get a promotion. This company USES the performance index called enterprise rental company service quality index, its meaning for customer service in asking whether satisfaction, what percentage of people playing a full five points.Applebee restaurants have difference to finding the best performan
26、ce, 20% of the staff is divided into general 60%, performance and 20% of the worst performance, and separately calculated the loss. If managers can successfully hold the top 80% of the employee performance, it can obtain the reward. If the 20% of employees for worst performance, the managers will no
27、t be punished accordingly.Copyright 2005 Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.员工激励的“四力模型”作者:尼廷诺里亚,鲍里斯格鲁斯伯格,琳达埃琳李发表于:2008-08-01如何让员工创造出最佳绩效是管理者长久以来面临的严峻挑战。近年来,神经科学、生物学、进化心理学等领域的跨学科研究告诉我们,人类具有四种基本的情感需求或驱动力,而这些驱动力正是我们一切行为的基础。实证研究表明,受到激励的员工能创造出更好的业绩。因此,管理者要想激励员工,就应该了解这些驱动力
28、以及可以采取哪些举措来满足这些驱动力。 获取 人们总是设法去获取一些稀缺的东西,以增加自己的幸福感。当这个驱动力得到满足时,我们会感到高兴;反之,则会觉得不满意。这个驱动力往往是相对的(我们总是拿自己与别人进行比较),而且是难以满足的(我们总是想得到更多)。 结合 许多动物都与自己的父母、亲属或种群建立密切关系,但只有人类把这种关系扩展到了更大的群体,如组织、社团和民族。“结合”驱动力得到满足,人们就会产生热爱、关怀等强烈的积极情感;反之,则会出现孤独、愤世嫉俗等消极情感。在工作环境中,当员工为自己是组织的一员而感到自豪时,他们的激励度就会大大提高;而当组织背叛了他们时,他们就会士气低落。 理
29、解 我们都渴望了解周围的世界,于是提出各种理论去解释各种事情,并且提出合理的行动和应对措施。当事情看上去毫无意义时,我们会感到沮丧;而寻找问题答案的挑战,一般会让我们充满激情。在工作环境中,员工所做的工作如果具有挑战性,并能让他们成长和学习,他们就会受到激励;而当他们所做的工作看起来毫无价值或毫无前途时,则会士气低落。 防御 在面对外来威胁时,保护自己,保护我们的财产和成就、家庭和朋友、思想和信仰,是我们的天性。这种驱动力根植于“斗不过就逃”的基本反应中,这种反应是大多数动物所共有的,但对于人类来说,它不仅表现为攻击性或防御性的行为,还表现为寻求建立一系列制度来推动正义,明确目标和意图,并且允
30、许人们畅所欲言。这种驱动力得到满足后,人们会觉得安全和自信,否则就会产生恐惧、憎恨等强烈的消极情感。 这四个驱动力都是相互独立的,没有主次之分,也不能相互替代。要想充分激励员工,管理者就必须同时满足所有四个驱动力。事实上,每个情感驱动力都可以用不同的组织杠杆最有效地加以满足。 奖励制度 “获取”驱动力最容易通过组织的奖励制度得到满足。当然,这还得看组织的奖励制度能否有效界定员工的不同表现,将奖励与绩效挂钩,以及给予最优秀的人员晋升的机会。 文化要满足“结合”驱动力,在员工之间培育强烈的同志情谊,最有效的方法就是建立一种促进团队合作、协作、开放和友谊的文化。 岗位设计 满足“理解”驱动力的最佳途
31、径是设计出有意义、有乐趣且具有挑战性的岗位。 绩效管理和资源配置流程 公正、可信、透明的绩效管理和资源配置流程,有助于满足人们的“防御”驱动力。 另外,员工的直接上司对于员工激励度起着与组织政策同样重要的作用。员工虽不指望上司对公司的整体奖励制度、文化、岗位设计或管理体制施加重大影响,但他们清楚上司在自己的影响力范围内确实有一定的决定权。例如,管理者可以在表彰、认可和任务选派上,把奖励与员工表现挂钩。 管理者只有在组织的制约条件下尽最大努力满足员工的所有四个驱动力,才能最有效地提高对员工的激励效果,提升组织的业绩。人才的“流”与“留” 彼得卡佩利 发表于:2003-05-01公开争夺其他公司的
32、员工,这在以前很少发生,但是现在的企业对此已是习以为常。急速变化的市场要求急速变化的组织不断更新人才。但是,没有人愿意看到自己的人才被挖走。一旦优秀员工离去,企业就会受到打击。企业如果指望借助于对薪酬方案、职业发展计划、培训项目等的修修补补,就想把自己与当今自由流动的人才市场隔绝开来,肯定徒劳无功。 现在,我们还有一种选择:那就是以市场为导向的留人策略。这种策略认为,长期地、一概而论地要求员工忠诚既不可能也无必要,企业可以通过明确需要留住哪些员工以及要留他们多久,将留人方案的重点放在留住需要的人才上去。 今天,许多企业在培养员工忠诚度时都依赖于薪酬,但薪酬只是众多留人机制中的一种。其他可以用来
33、降低人员流失率的方法有:岗位重新设计美国UPS公司就通过把沉重乏味的包裹装载工作从司机那里剥离给其他员工,留住了更多的司机;培养员工对特定项目或工作团队的忠诚;雇用技能在人才市场上需求不高的员工;将员工安排在跳槽诱惑不多的地点工作;和其他公司结成对子,为员工提供跨公司的职业发展道路。如果实在没有什么办法可以阻止人员流失,企业还可以利用工作外包、加强聘用工作、将工作标准化、交叉培训员工以及围绕短期项目组织工作等方法。 如果把过去留住员工的管理方法比作维护一个固定积水的水坝,那么新的管理方法则更像是疏导一条流动的河流,其目标不是要阻止河水流动,而是控制水流的方向和速度。让谁来评估员工 作者:弗雷德
34、里克赖希黑尔德,保罗罗杰斯发表于:2005-11-01远在木船运输的时代,人们就发现招募合适的船员并指挥他们满怀热忱地朝着同一个方向划动船桨并非易事。过去,船长常用的激励方式是挥舞鞭子抽打船员。如今,在这个商业时代,企业当如何激励员工呢? 最近,为了解决这个令各种组织头疼不已的问题,一些公司开始把员工报酬与团队绩效挂钩,让顾客和员工取代上司来评定绩效。请看如下实例: 在企业租车公司,分支机构的经理以及员工要想获得晋升,他们所属团队的服务质量就必须达到或者超过公司的平均水平,否则任何单个人都不可能得到晋升。该公司所用的绩效指标称为“企业租车公司服务质量指数”,其含义为:在询问顾客对服务是否满意时
35、,有百分之多少的人打了满分5分。 Applebee餐馆则有区别地对待员工流失率,把员工分成绩效最好的20%、绩效一般的60%和绩效最差的20%,分别计算这三者的流失率。如果经理们能够成功地留住绩效排名前80%的员工,就能得到奖励;假如绩效最差的20%员工中有人离职,经理们并不会因此而受罚。五分钟搞定5000字毕业论文外文翻译,你想要的工具都在这里!在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节,许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献,借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多,慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器:Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸(完整版
36、本)和CNKI“翻译助手。具体操作过程如下: 1.先打开金山词霸自动取词功能,然后阅读文献; 2.遇到无法理解的长句时,可以交给Google处理,处理后的结果猛一看,不堪入目,可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明了了; 3.如果通过Google仍然无法理解,感觉就是不同,那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词”理解有误,因为某些单词看似很简单,但是在文献中有特殊的意思,这时就可以通过CNKI的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思,由于CNKI的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献,所以它的吻合率很高。 另外,在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位,这样才不会造成“只见树木,不见森林”的误导。四
37、大工具: 1、Google翻译: google,众所周知,谷歌里面的英文文献和资料还算是比较详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文,当然这方面的帖子很多,大家可以搜索,在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻译上来。下面给大家举个例子来说明如何用吧比如说“电磁感应透明效应”这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译,首先你可以在CNKI里查中文的,根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做,一般比较准确。 在此主要是说在google里怎么知道这个翻译意思。大家应该都有词典吧,按中国人的办法,把一个一个词分着查出来,敲到google里,你的这种翻译一般不太准,当然你需要验证是否准确了,这下看着吧,把你的那支离破碎的翻译在
38、google里搜索,你能看到许多相关的文献或资料,大家都不是笨蛋,看看,也就能找到最精确的翻译了,纯西式的!我就是这么用的。 2、CNKI翻译: CNKI翻译助手,这个网站不需要介绍太多,可能有些人也知道的。主要说说它的有点,你进去看看就能发现:搜索的肯定是专业词汇,而且它翻译结果下面有文章与之对应(因为它是CNKI检索提供的,它的翻译是从文献里抽出来的),很实用的一个网站。估计别的写文章的人不是傻子吧,它们的东西我们可以直接拿来用,当然省事了。网址告诉大家,有兴趣的进去看看,你们就会发现其乐无穷!还是很值得用的。 3、网路版金山词霸(不到1M): 4、有道在线翻译:翻译时的速度:这里我谈的是
39、电子版和打印版的翻译速度,按个人翻译速度看,打印版的快些,因为看电子版本一是费眼睛,二是如果我们用电脑,可能还经常时不时玩点游戏,或者整点别的,导致最终SPPEED变慢,再之电脑上一些词典(金山词霸等)在专业翻译方面也不是特别好,所以翻译效果不佳。在此本人建议大家购买清华大学编写的好像是国防工业出版社的那本英汉科学技术词典,基本上挺好用。再加上网站如:google CNKI翻译助手,这样我们的翻译速度会提高不少。具体翻译时的一些技巧(主要是写论文和看论文方面) 大家大概都应预先清楚明白自己专业方向的国内牛人,在这里我强烈建议大家仔细看完这些头上长角的人物的中英文文章,这对你在专业方向的英文和中
40、文互译水平提高有很大帮助。 我们大家最蹩脚的实质上是写英文论文,而非看英文论文,但话说回来我们最终提高还是要从下大工夫看英文论文开始。提到会看,我想它是有窍门的,个人总结如下: 1、把不同方面的论文分夹存放,在看论文时,对论文必须做到看完后完全明白(你重视的论文);懂得其某部分讲了什么(你需要参考的部分论文),在看明白这些论文的情况下,我们大家还得紧接着做的工作就是把论文中你觉得非常巧妙的表达写下来,或者是你论文或许能用到的表达摘记成本。这个本将是你以后的财富。你写论文时再也不会为了一些表达不符合西方表达模式而烦恼。你的论文也降低了被SCI或大牛刊物退稿的几率。不信,你可以试一试 2、把摘记的内容自己编写成检索,这个过程是我们对文章再回顾,而且是对你摘抄的经典妙笔进行梳理的重要阶段。你有了这个过程。写英文论文时,将会有一种信手拈来的感觉。许多文笔我们不需要自己再翻译了。当然前提是你梳理的非常细,而且中英文对照写的比较详细。 3、最后一点就是我们往大成修炼的阶段了,万事不是说成的,它是做出来的。写英文论文也就像我们小学时开始学写作文一样,你不练笔是肯定写不出好作品来的。所以在此我鼓励大家有时尝试着把自己的论文强迫自己写成英文的,一遍不行,可以再修改。最起码到最后你会很满意。呵呵,我想我是这么觉得的。