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1、新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit1课文翻译与习题答案 课文 A一堂难忘的英语课1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？”3 她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！”4 没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更
2、强烈的忧虑。5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their / there / theyre 之间的不同，或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们 应该学得更好。6 学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记 本等真正的stationery (文具用品) 并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣称 Theyve just ate。实际上，他们应该
3、说 Theyve just eaten。因此，批评学生不合乎情理。7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。还 有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基 本框架准确的语法和恰当的词 汇充分地传授给学生。8 因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注重技巧地进行。有一天机会来了。我跟儿子开车外出。我们出发时，他看到一只小 鸟飞得很不稳，就说：“它飞的不稳。”（I
4、ts flying so unsteady.） 我 小 心 翼 翼 地 问：“ 儿 子， 鸟怎么飞?”“有问题吗？我说得不对吗？（Did I say anything incorrectly?）”他一头雾水。“太好了， 你说的是incorrectly 而不是incorrect。我们用副词来描述动词。 所以， 要用unsteadily来描述鸟飞 ，而不是unsteady。”9 他对我的纠正很好奇，就问我什么是副词。我慢慢解释道：“副词是用来修饰动词的词。”这又导致了他询问我什么是动词。我解释说：“动词是表示行为的词，例如：爸爸开卡车。开是动词，因为它是爸爸在做的事。”10 他开始对表示行为的词产
5、生兴趣，所以我们又罗列了几个动词：“飞行”、“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑步”。然后，他又好奇地问我，其他的词有没有说明它们的用 法和功能的名称。这就引发了我们对名词、形容词和冠词的讨论。在短短十分钟的驾驶时间内，他从对语法一无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性。这是一次毫无 痛苦而又非常有趣的学习经历。11 也许，语言应该被看成是一张路线图和一件珍品：我们要常常查看路线图（核对语法）和调整汽车的引擎（调节词汇）。学好语法和掌握大量的词汇就好比拿着路线图在车况良好的车里驾驶。12 路线图为你的旅行提供所需的基本路线和路途指南，可是它不会告诉你一路上你究竟会看见什么树或什么花，你会遇见什么样的人，或会有
6、什么样的感受。这里，词汇会使你的旅途变得五彩缤纷、栩栩如生。大量的词汇让你享受到开车途中所见的点点滴滴。借助语法和丰富的词汇，你就有了灵活性，掌控自如。路线图会把你带到目的地，而一台好车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途的所有景色、声音及经历之中。13 对学生来说，有效、准确且富有成效的沟通技能取决于语法和词汇这两大有利条件，可是学校并没有教他们这些。14 就在今天早上，我跟儿子吃早饭时，我想把牛奶加入我的茶里。“爸爸，” 他说，“如果我是你的话，我不会这样做。牛奶会变酸。（If I were you, I wouldnt dothat. Its sour.）”15 “哦，上帝！”我满怀着无比的骄傲说道，
7、“这是一句语法完全正确的句子。你用了were 而不是was。”16 “我知道，我知道，”他愉悦地舒了口气，“这是虚拟语气！”17 这下轮到我“哇！”了。课文 B伟大的学习之旅1 马尔科姆艾克斯是一位非裔美国民权活动家、宗教领袖、作家和演说家。他生于1925年，1965年被神秘地暗杀。在他去世之前，他对自己生平的自述马尔科姆艾克斯自传已闻名遐迩。他出生于一个贫民家庭，取名马尔科姆利特尔。后来，他加入了一个叫“伊斯兰民族”的组织，之后改名为马尔科姆艾克斯。“伊斯兰民族”是个宗教团体，它改变了美国主流伊斯兰教的一些主要的习俗和信仰，使之更适用于19世纪60年代早期非裔美国人的特定情况。2 马尔科姆艾
8、克斯因当时犯有诸如偷窃等罪而入狱。他在监狱里得知了“伊斯兰民族”组织。由于没有受过良好的教育，他在向别人传授他的新信仰时感到力不从 心。作为一名年轻人，他可以用草根语言来概述自己的想法，语言简单、粗浅、语法差劲，且词汇贫乏。可作为一名成年人，当他在大型公众集会上向人们阐述他的 新信仰时，他发觉自己缺少了所需 的语言交流技能。用他自己的话说，他“甚至没有这个功能”。3 为了增长知识，提高沟通技能，深陷绝望的马尔科姆艾克斯为自己制定了一个计划。他决定求助于书籍，相信书会使他受益匪浅。可是当他试图阅读一些严肃的书 本时，他不禁倍感苦恼，因为大部分的词他都不认识。他写道：“这些书还不如是用中文写的。”
9、 他跳过了所有不认识的词，可是最终他全然不知这本书里写了什么。马尔科姆艾克斯在他的 自传里谈到他贫乏的语言技能时是这样写的：“我变得沮丧起来。”4 由于无法阅读和写作所遭受的巨大挫折促使马尔科姆艾克斯开始探索如何攻克自己的语言缺陷。他说：“我明白我所能做的就是弄到一本词典来学习，学一些单 词。”他也幸运地意识到应该尝试去改进他的书写。他告诉我们：“令人伤心的是我甚至不能把英文书写得整齐。”这些想法促使他向狱管请求，要了一些纸和铅 笔。5 头两天，马尔科姆艾克斯只是很快地浏览了一下词典，试图在这不熟悉的格式里寻找出他自己的应付方法。他告诉我们，他对这些单词之间的密切关系感到诧异。 moist怎么
10、会是moisture的词根；advisable跟advisory 竟是同根词！“我都不知道哪些单词我需要学，”他说，“最后，为了有所行动，我开始抄写词典。” 马尔科姆艾克斯用他缓慢、仔细、蹩脚的书 写，把词典的第一页全都抄写在一个笔记本上，他甚至把引号也抄了。这花了他整整一天的时间。在此之后，他高声朗读所有抄写下来的东西。“我一遍又一遍地给 自己大声朗读自己抄写的东西。”马尔科姆回忆道。他还把每天发生的重要事情记录下来。重复朗读帮助他从一个仅有一些基础文化知识的人变成真正精通语言的 人。6 马尔科姆艾克斯描述了他第二天醒来时，是如何努力回忆他抄写和朗读过的单词及他苦苦追求所获的知识。这是一种神
11、奇的感觉，他感到无比自豪。7 他对此如此着迷以至于他又继续抄写词典的下一页。又一次，他醒来时感到骄傲且精力充沛。随着不断抄写和朗读，马尔科姆艾克斯发现自己在学到东西，也记住了越来越多的单词，他的困惑也逐日减少。8 随着马尔科姆艾克斯的词汇量不断扩大，他开始能更好地理解所阅读的书了。这种现象在他的一生中从未发生过。“任何一个阅读广泛的人都能想象那个开启了的 新世界。”从那时起到他离开那个监狱，他一直专注于阅读，被它深深吸引。数月过去了，他竟然没感到自己在坐牢。“事实上，在这之前，我从没如此真正地感受 过生活的自由。”9 “就是在监狱里我意识到阅读永远地改变了我的人生轨迹，” 马尔科姆艾克斯写道。
12、他描述了有一天一位作家从伦敦打电话来采访他。那位作家问马尔科姆艾克斯，他文笔那么流畅，是从什么大学毕业的。马尔科姆告诉那位英国人他的大学是“书本”。10 马尔科姆艾克斯的一生成功地创造了一个通过语言学习而深刻改变人生的光辉典范。他出生于贫穷、无知的世界。可是，知识开阔了他的眼界。从他在监狱里踏上伟大的英语学习之旅起，他就离开了青年时代狭窄、无知的世界，加入到有思想、有作为的世界之中。新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit1习题答案11 Michal started learning English by listening to the Beatles.2 Michal feels delight
13、ed and proud when he listens to the Beatles because he can understand a lot better.3 Besides listening to English songs, Michal also reads science fiction books in English.4 Michal made a great breakthrough in learning the English language after successfully finishing reading the first English book.
14、5 According to Michal, English learning brings him satisfaction and pleasure.21 Yes, because the way to learn English is more interesting and enjoyable. Yes, because learners become more motivated when learning something they like. No, because its like a street learning without formal instruction. N
15、o, because learners may often make grammatical mistakes when talking or speaking. 2 Yes, I could speak and write more fluently with good grammar and vocabulary. Yes, I could better understand English native speakers after watching English movies and talk shows. Yes, as a result of surfing online in
16、English, Im able to read more quickly than before.3 Read English novels and magazines. Listen to radios and watch TV programs. Talk to English speakers whenever possible. Write every day such as emails and journals.Understanding the text11 Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not
17、 interested in grammar rules.2 The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance: “whoa!” without any specific comment.3 Because th
18、e schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language.4 Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easil
19、y get bored if its not properly dealt with.5 He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs.6 Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an E
20、nglish sentence before.7 The author uses “road map” and “car” to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here, “road map” is considered as grammar and “car” as vocabulary.8 Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection “whoa!” reflects the tremendous pride
21、 the father had toward his son; it also reflects the authors humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, though in two different situations and with two different feelings.Critical thinking21 Motivation. Family support. Peer pressure. Financial status. Future career goals.2 Engl
22、ish grammar helps a lot in the following: Order sentences correctly. Use words properly. Talk with other English speakers confidently. English grammar is of little help: Only gives rules that are hard to remember. Is not helpful in a real-life setting due to the limited time to think and recall the
23、rules. Not always applicable to the real language, especially idioms.3 Use more communicative ways. Encourage a lot of interactions. Put sentences in meaningful contexts.4 Read more English from online sources. Watch English TV / listen to English radio / watch English online videos. Talk often with
24、 English speakers. Listen carefully and extensively. Use dictionaries to look up unfamiliar words. Use new words as often as possible.5 Read English newspapers, magazines, and books. Write English as often as possible. Write emails in English.Language focusWords in use31 condense 2 exceed 3 deficit
25、4 exposure 5 asset6 adequate 7 competent 8 adjusting 9 precisely 10 beneficialWord building4Words learned New words formed-al / -ialmanager managerialeditor editorialsubstantial substancesurvive survivaltraditional traditionmarginal margin-cyconsistent consistencyaccurate accuracyefficiency efficien
26、t-yrecover recoveryminister ministryassemble assembly51 editorial 2 recovery 3 accuracy 4 substance 5 managerial 6 margin7 assembly 8 Ministry 9 survival 10 tradition 11 consistency 12 efficientBanked cloze61 L 2 C 3 J 4 A 5 I 6 O 7 N 8 E 9 H 10 FExpressions in use71 feel obliged to 2 be serious abo
27、ut 3 run into 4 distinguish between5 thrust upon 6 was allergic to 7 get lost 8 be attracted to9 make sense 10 looked upon asStructure analysis and writingStructured writing8Some bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their “Bible”, Practical English Grammar, and do a lot of exercises i
28、n that book, but I dont care about it at all. My assumption is since I have never learned Chinese grammar, whats the sense of learning English grammar? In fact, English grammar has always been a big headache to me.English grammar is very complicated because, unlike Chinese, there are many verb tense
29、s. Even stranger than verb tenses, English grammar also contains something very confusing. For example, I dont remember how many times my middle school teacher tried to “impose” the differences between used to and be used to on us. Sometimes he would go on with the explanation for 20 minutes or so.
30、He even summarized the differences by listing three or four points for us to memorize. However, they could never stay in my head. I dont remember how many times I got it wrong with the sentences containing used to or be used to on my exams. I was really confused with these two phrases, and I can nev
31、er get them right. In brief, Im allergic to learning English grammar. Curiously, I just wonder if the native speakers of English have a microcomputer in their brain to help them utter the two phrases promptly with just a click of their brain mouse!Translation9人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与 其他
32、语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英 国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年 的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。10Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formati
33、on and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form.
34、Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligraphers handwriting is like seeing the person”. As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the worlds treasure house of culture and art.