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1、Unit 5, Book OneSection A: Cliff Young, an unlikely heroI. New wordsAnnual njul: happening once a year a. 一年一度的；每年的每年的;一年的;植物一年生的n.年刊;一年生植物In its annual report, UNICEF says at least 40,000 children die every day. 在其年度报告中，联合国儿童基金会称每天至少有4万名儿童死亡。The electronic and printing unit has annual sales of abou
2、t$ 80 million. 电子印刷部门每年销售额约为8,000万美元The annual output of the steel plant amounts to 500000 tons. 这家钢铁厂的年产量达500000吨。Harsh a. 1 severe, cruel, or unkind 严厉的；残酷的；苛刻的She has a tender heart; and she is never harsh to anybody. 她心肠很软，对人从不苛刻。2 harsh conditions are very difficult to live in and very uncomfor
3、table 恶劣的；艰苦的；严峻的The harsh weather in that area is unbearable. 那个地区恶劣的气候让人难以忍受。Most people at that time had to face the harsh conditions. 那时候，大部分人都不得不面对艰苦的环境。Endurance n. U the ability to continue doing sth. difficult or painful over a long period of time （忍）耐力Women who exercise regularly, especiall
4、y in endurance activities, typically lose iron. 经常锻炼的女性，尤其是经常进行耐力运动的女性，通常都会流失铁元素。Regardless rg:dls :ad. ( of) without being affected or influenced by sth. adv. 不顾后果地;不管怎样，无论如何 It takes in anybody regardless of religion, colour, or creed 任何人，不论宗教、肤色或信仰，都可以加入。Regardless of whether he is right or wrong
5、, we have to abide by his decisions.不管他正确与否，我们都得服从他的决定。He went to the rescue of a drowning child regardless of his personal safety.他为了抢救落水儿童，把个人安危置之度外。Super prefix (super-) more, better, or bigger than usual 过于；超Nearly all the athletic venues are located in the heart of the city and connected with i
6、ts super-efficient public transportation systems. 几乎所有体育场馆都位于市中心，由效率极高的公共交通系统连接。a. (infml) extremely good 极好的；了不起的The basketball player made a super shot in the last minute of the match. 这个篮球运动员在比赛的最后一分钟投入了超漂亮的一球。ad.(infml) extremely 极其；非常Im super tired. I have to rest right now. 我累极了，我现在得休息一下。Contr
7、act kntrkt n.:C an official agreement between two or more people, stating what each will do合同;契约;协议v. agree to do sth. or make sb. agree to do sth. by a formal written agreement签合同;缩小;感染You can contract with us to deliver your cargo 你可以跟我们签订送货合同。He was given a seven-year contract with an annual sala
8、ry of$ 150,000. 他签下了一份为期7年的合同，年薪为15万美元。New research shows that an excess of meat and salt can contract muscles. 新的研究表明，过量食用肉类和盐可能会导致肌肉收缩。He contracted AIDS from a blood transfusion 他因为输血而感染了艾滋病。He broke his contract with the firm. 他对公司毁约了。Sponsor spns(r) n.发起者，主办者;担保者;倡议者，提案人;后援组织vt.赞助We have to mak
9、e the states that sponsor terrorism pay a price. 我们必须让那些支持恐怖主义的国家付出代价。Most DES students are sponsored by the National Department of Education. 多数环境科学系的学生是由国家教育部资助的。The chief sponsor of the New York law, state Senator Emanuel Gold, says hes not giving up. 纽约州立法的主要倡议人州参议员伊曼纽尔戈尔德说，他不会放弃。She was my spon
10、sor when I was applying for Party membership. 她是我的入党介绍人。Furnish f:n vt.陈设，布置;提供，供应;装修（房屋）They will furnish you the necessary materials. 他们将向你提供必要的材料。Many rich men try to furnish their rooms with antiques. I shall be glad to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and profess
11、ional experience. 我将很乐意为您提供更多有关我的学历和工作经历的情况Contest kntest v.竞争，为而奋争;辩驳 n.比赛;竞赛;搏斗He has easily won the preliminary contest for the high jump. 他轻松地通过了跳高预赛。This is mans contest with nature. 这是人与大自然的搏斗。I had to contest with deep-rooted prejudice. 我得和根深蒂固的偏见作斗争。Distinction dstkn n.区别;荣誉;特质;卓越There are o
12、bvious distinctions between the two wine-making areas 两个酿酒地区之间有着显著的差别。He is fair to us without distinction. 他对我们一视同仁，毫无区别。He was a man of great charm and distinction. 他这个人魅力十足，卓尔不群。Distinct dstkt adj.明显的，清楚的;卓越的，不寻常的;有区别的;确切的Now that Tony was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her att
13、itude.由于托尼不在场了，她的态度有了明显的转变。They practice a distinct religion and culture. 他们有着独特的宗教和文化。 Assemble sembl vt.& vi.集合，收集vt.装配，组合He is assembling evidence concerning a murder. 他正在收集一桩谋杀案的证据。Well assemble at the gate at 7 oclock tomorrow morning. 明晨七时在门口会齐。This gasketed joint is strong and easy to assembl
14、e/ disassemble. 这种带衬垫连接方式坚固耐用，并且易于安装和拆卸。Assert s:t vt.声称，断言;维护，坚持;坚持自己的主张After the war, the army made an attempt to assert its authority in the south of the country 战后，军队试图在该国的南部地区维护其统治地位。The defendants, who continue to assert their innocence, are expected to appeal各被告仍然坚称无辜，预计会提起上诉。Crush kr v.镇压;压破
15、，压碎;弄皱;挤榨，榨出n.粉碎，被压碎的状态;（特指女子对男性的）迷恋;Andrew crushed his empty can. 安德鲁把他的空罐子捏扁了。Franklin and his thirteen-year-old son somehow got separated in the crush. 富兰克林和他13岁的儿子在人群中被挤散了。She had a crush on you, you know. 她曾爱慕你，你是知道的。Shuffle fl vt.洗牌;曳脚而行;搬移;搁置，随手放n.洗牌，混乱Moira shuffled across the kitchen 莫伊拉拖着脚
16、穿过厨房。There are various ways of shuffling and dealing the cards. 有各种不同的洗牌和发牌方式。Smash sm v.打碎;撞击;猛扣（球等）Two or three glasses fell off and smashed into pieces. 两三只杯子掉了下来，摔得粉碎。He was near to death after a car smash. 他差点在一场撞车事故中丧命。The cup hit the floor with a smash. 杯子掉到地上哗啦一声摔碎了。We will smash any aggress
17、ion. 我们将粉碎任何侵略。Award w:d vt.授予，奖给，判给;判归，判定n.奖品;She was awarded the prize for both films 她的两部电影双双获奖。We have awarded the contract to a British shipyard 我们将合同给了一家英国造船厂。For his dedication the Mayor awarded him a medal of merit. 为表彰他的奉献精神，市长授予他荣誉奖章。Dim dm adj.暗淡的，昏暗的;不光明的;看不清的;（性质和特征上）不显著的vt.& vi.（使）变暗淡;
18、（使）变模糊;（使）减弱;变淡漠n.笨蛋，傻子She stood waiting, in the dim light 她站在昏暗的光线下等待。Their economic prospects have dimmed 他们的经济前景变得很暗淡。Her eyes dimmed with sorrow 悲痛之下，她泪眼蒙眬。Stroke struk n.中风;一击;击球;划水动作vt.划掉;轻抚;轻触;敲击On the stroke of 12, fireworks suddenly exploded into the night. 12点的钟声刚敲响，焰火便在夜空中绽放。The disease w
19、iped out 40 million rabbits at a stroke 该疾病一下子就使4,000万只兔子丧命。She walked forward and embraced him and stroked his tousled white hair. 她走上前拥抱他并轻抚他凌乱的白发。I turned and swam a few strokes further out to sea 我转身向海里又游了几下。Inherent inhirnt adj.天生;固有的，内在的Individuality is a valued and inherent part of the Britis
20、h character. 个性鲜明是英国人固有的、也是他们看重的特点。Industry and frugality frlti are the inherent qualities of the Chinese nation. 勤劳俭朴是中华民族的本色。The desire for freedom is inherent in us all. 对自由的渴望是我们所有人的天性。II.Text structure: ( structured writing ) The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1 (para.1-10) Cliff Young
21、 took part in the Australian marathon in 1983 and finally won it.Part 2 (para.11-13) Cliff Youngs life after the race of 1983Part 3 (Para.14) Cliff Young sets a good example for other people. III. Detailed study of the text1.Considered one of the toughest marathon events in the world, the 875-kilome
22、ter annual Australian race, a route from Sydney to Melbourne, is a harsh test of endurance for the worlds top athletes, regardless of their age. (para. 1)Meaning: The 875-kilometer Australian race, which starts from Sydney and ends in Melbourne and takes place once in a year, is regarded as one of t
23、he most difficult long distance races in the world. It is a tough test of ones ability to continue running over a long period of time. Even the worlds best athletes, young or old, find the race extremely difficult.2.The young, super-fit runners train for months before a competition and are under con
24、tract to prominent sponsors like Nike and Adidas, who finance them and furnish them with a substantial support mechanism of money and equipment. (para.1) Meaning : The young, very strong runners train for months before a competition. And they have signed official agreements with famous companies lik
25、e Nike and Adidas, who support them with a lot of money and equipment based on a sponsor system.Under contract to sth/ to do sthI was then under contract to a bus company. 那时候我按合同为一家公共汽车公司工作。He is under contract to teach here for one year. 他受聘在此教一年书。3. “The contest takes up to seven days to complete
26、 and is a challenging test of fitness and strength even for world-class athletes who compete for distinction and a cash prize.” (Para. 1) 这项比赛历时七天，即使对那些为荣誉和奖金而赛的世界一流运动员来说，这项比赛也是对体能和力量的严峻考验。 up to 达到；至多The Olympic Stadium will hold up to 80,000 spectators. 奥林匹克体育场将可容纳多达8万观众。 X is a harsh/challenging/
27、true/vital test of Y for Z应用提示 用于“对事物的界定”应用1：来自学习之外的各种诱惑，对每位学子来说都是一种严峻的自律考验。A variety of temptation from outside of learning is a challenging test of self-discipline for every student.应用2： 生活中一个接一个的挫折对我们每个人来说，都是一种对意志力的真正考验。One setback after another in life is a true test of willpower for each of us.
28、4. in attendance出席The Duke of York will be in attendance at tonights gala concert.约克公爵将出席今晚的节日音乐会。The chief engineer is very busy and cant be in attendance at todays meeting.总工程师太忙了，不能出席今天的会议。Now that the patient is out of danger, the doctor is no longer in attendance. 既然病人已经脱离危险期，医生就不用再照料他了。5. No o
29、ne paid any attention to this odd-looking man who might as well have been invisible. (Para. 2)Meaning: Cliff Young looked strange. His presence at the race did not draw anyones attention. It was just as if he had not attended the race at all.might (just) as well 还是的好，不妨;莫如;何妨Theres nothing I can do
30、about the problem, so I might as well go with the flow.关于这个问题我无能为力，所以我不如就顺其自然好了。We might as well have another talk with him. 不妨同他再谈一次。6.“When he asserted his intention to compete, the world-class athletes around him reacted with apparent disbelief and then with disrespect.” (Para. 2) 当克里夫明确表示自己是来参赛的
31、时候，他周围的世界级选手先是表示出明显的怀疑，继而予以鄙视。When sb. asserted his intention to do sth., other people reacted with 用于表达“当某人明确表示自己要做某事时，其他人的反应”。应用1：当这医务工作人员表示他们准备用自己的生命换得大众的健康时，公众先是表现出惊讶，继而予以敬佩。When these medical workers asserted their intention to give their lives for the public health, the public reacted with sur
32、prise and then with respect.应用2：当鸿鹄明确表示自己要翱翔天际时，燕雀表现出明显的不屑一顾。When the swan asserted its intention to soar through the air, the sparrow reacted with apparent scorn. 应用3： 当哥伦布表示自己要把鸡蛋竖起来时，他周围的人都表现出强烈的好奇。When Columbus asserted his intention to stand an egg on end, people around reacted with strong curi
33、osity.7. It takes a week to run this race on no more than six hours of sleep a night！(Para. 5)Meaning: You need a week to finish this race, and you will have less than six hours sleep each night.8. Ive run sheep for two or three days at a time. (Para. 6)Meaning: Every time I run sheep, it takes abou
34、t two or three days.9. leave sth. behind把抛在后面With the seven-day holiday at hand, many people are planning to leave the city behind and head into open country for relaxation.随着七天长假的临近，许多人都准备离开城市，到广阔的乡村旅游。The criminal didnt leave behind any traces of his crime. 罪犯没有留下任何作案的痕迹。We hear of women who run a
35、way, leaving behind their homes and families. 我们听说有女人离家出走，扔下了家人不管。10. As the race progressed along, of course, the attention of the sports commentators and viewers alike was on the athletes at the front of the pack. (Para. 7)Meaning: Of course, as the race went on, both the sports commentators and t
36、he viewers paid attention to the athletes in the leading position. 随着比赛的进行，体育解说员和观众们的注意力都放到了那些领先的选手身上。 11. fall ill 生病Researchers found that people with a cheerful disposition were less likely to fall ill when facing the pressure from the stressful work and life.研究人员发现当面对紧张工作和生活压力时，性格开朗的人生病的几率较小。12.
37、 have no intention of doing sth. 不打算做某事We have no intention of intervening in the internal affairs of other countries. 我们无意干涉别国内政。I have no intention of going to shanghai. 我没有去上海的念头。They have no intention of carrying out what they have declared. 他们的声明是不准备兑现的。13. keep at坚持 He will keep at the job bef
38、ore he can find a better one. 找到一个更好的工作之前他坚持干这份工作。You have to let people know what you want and just keep at it. 你必须让人们知道你想要什么并且持之以恒。14. “With every passing hour and every shuffling step, he got just a little bit closer to the race leaders”.(Para. 8）With every passing hour/day and every forward/firm
39、/ risky step, X gets just a little bit closer to Y With every passing hour/day and every forward/firm/ risky step, X gets just a little bit closer to Y 应用1：随着每一小时的流逝和每一步坚实的步伐，他一点点地接近了自己梦想的实现。With every passing hour and every firm step, he got just a little bit closer to the realization of his dream.
40、 应用2： 随着每一天的流逝和每一步的冒险，这位贪官一点点地走向了政治生命的毁灭。With every passing day and every risky step, the corrupt official got just a little bit closer to the ruin of his political life.15.overtake vt.压倒;追上，赶上; （不愉快的事）突然降临When he eventually overtook the last truck he pulled over to the inside lane 他终于超过了最后那辆卡车后便驶回了
41、内车道。Tragedy was shortly to overtake him, however. 然而，不幸将很快降临到他的头上。take over 接管;She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job 她认定我是接手这份工作的最佳人选。16. In that instant： in that momentIt was in that instant that I knew that everything would be different for her. 在那时刻我知道每件事都是不同的对于她来说。I didnt
42、know the cause of his hardship but that wasnt important in that instant anymore. 我不知道他苦难的原因，但这已经不是在那一瞬间重要的事情了。17. enter for 使参加;(报名)参加(竞赛、考试等)He decided not to enter for the race. 他决定不报名参加比赛。My parents pressed me to enter for the competition. 我父母竭力劝我报名参加这个竞赛。18. endear sb. to sb.使受欢迎His consideratio
43、n and generosity endeared him to his colleagues.他的体贴和慷慨使他深受同事们的喜爱。He has endeared himself to the American public. 他已经赢得了美国民众的好感。Doing your share of office chores will also endear you to your boss and colleagues.做好自己的办公杂务同样可以令你更讨老板和同事的喜欢。19. Over the years, despite increasing age and physical challen
44、ges, he participated in many races and won a number of them. (Para. 12)Meaning: In all those years, he took part in many races and won a number of them, although he was getting older and not as strong as before.participated in 参加Each child had participated in extracurricular activities at school. 每个
45、孩子都参加了学校的课外活动。The couple participated in the release of the report. 这对夫妇参与了报告的发布。20. give away 赠送;泄露;失去;He was giving his collection away for nothing 他将收藏品无偿捐献出来。They felt like they were giving away company secrets. 他们觉得自己正在泄露公司的机密。21. pass away去世;（时间等）消磨掉;终止;停止They bandage us when we are wounded, a
46、nd comfort us when those we love pass away. 当我们受伤时，他们给我们包扎，并且在我们丧失亲人时，他们安慰我们。Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away. 天地都要过去，但我的话决不会废去。22. “To this day, Cliff Young remains a magnificent reminder and brilliant example of how ordinary individuals can inherently achieve rema
47、rkable results.” (Para. 14) 直到今天，克里夫杨依然是一个伟大的标杆和辉煌的榜样。他向世人表明，普通人也能凭潜在的能力取得非凡的成就。to this day直到现在；至今The cause of his death remains a mystery to this day. 他的死因至今还是一个谜。I didnt find time to say good-bye to you before I left. I regret it to this day. 行前未及告别，至今引为憾事。To this day, X remains a brilliant/notorious/perfect example of how Y does/is Z应用提示 用于“表明事物的可借鉴性”应用1：直到今天，雷锋同志依然是一个辉煌的标杆和杰出的榜样，他向世人表明一个普通人也能为我们的社会做着不平凡