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1、Unit 1 Outsideview Conversation 1Li:What a wonderful view! This is such a great city!Do you ever get tired of living in London, Andy? A;When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life, for there is in London all that life can affordLi:Thats a quotation by Samuel Johnson, isnt it?A:Correct,so do y
2、ou have any plans when you finish at Oxford?Li: Ive got another year to go and then I suppose Ill go back home.A; And you will find a job?Li:I think I have to do my Masters before I look for work.But I must admit London is very special.Do you think you would ever leave London?A:Sure, Id love to come
3、 to china one day, and I like traveling. But i think Ill always come back here.Li:Well, your roots are here and there are so many opportunities.A;But have you ever thought of living in London for a year or two?Li:Yes, but what could I do here? I had planned to become a teacher.But i have often thoug
4、ht if there was a job i could do here in publishing,maybe as an editor, Ill go for it.A:Thats sounds like a great idea.I think that would really suit youLi:Maybe I should update my CV and send it to one or two publisher.A:Dont make it look too goodLi:Why not?A;Well,if you enjoy working with London T
5、ime Off, we dont want you working with anyone elseLi:Oh, working with you and Joe its great fun and really interesting. I couldnt think of a better way to find out about a cityA;So maybe you should think about applying for a job with us Li:But do you think Id stand a chance(有可能，有希望)?I mean, Im not s
6、ure if Joe likes meA:Dont even think about it!Joe is very straight talking and I promise you that youd know if he didnt like you.Li:Perhaps we should both update our CVs and look for jobs togetherA:Hey,right!That would be fun.Conversation 2Li:Talking about future plans,how do you see your career dev
7、eloping?A:My career?Well, I like working for London Time Off.Its a part of a larger media company called Lift off USA,so there are lots of opportunities.But.Li:But.What?A:Its not always very easy working with Joe.I mean,I kind of think he has a different agenda（different way of thinking from Andy不一样
8、的想法）.I like his work, but sometimes I dont think his heart is in his job.Li:How did he end up in London?A:He did media studies in the States,and then found work as a gofer（杂工） at Lift off USA in New York.Li:Whats a gofer?A:Go for this,go for that.Its a word for the least experienced person in the fi
9、lm and TV industry.Then he came to London and got a proper job as a researcher at Lift off UK,and then after a few years he got the producers job in London Time OffLi:He is good at his job,isnt he?A:Yes,he is confident and competent at what he does,so the people who work with him rate him quite high
10、ly（speak highly of）.Li:Except you?A:No,I rate him too.And I get on with him quite well,although we are not best budies or anything like that,its just.I want his job!Li:Now we know your little secret.I promise I wont tell anyoneA:Janet,there was something I was going to ask you.Li:Sure,what is it?A:I
11、 was wondering.oh,its nothing.Anyway,all this talk about your future career is making me thirsty.Lets go for a drink.Li:Who is round ?A:You. Outsideview :How to get a job Graduation.What a big day!Your life is about to begin!And then your parents say.Get a job.I tell you!Looking for your first job o
12、ut of college can be pretty hard.Reading all the job listing is so annoying.Even trying to figure out what the actual job is can be difficult.Searching through the want ads can be so boring.And writing your resume is really hard work. I dont have that day open.Getting a job interview,and then going
13、on itthe whole process is pretty tough. Sorry to keep you waiting.Uh,have a seat.I have your resume here,and you are interested in the assistants position. Yeah,yeah Well,the right candidate for this job has to be very outgoing and sociable.After all it is a sale position. Well, Im a real extrovert(
14、性格外向的人).Definitely. And the right candidate has to have great self-confidence.Customers need to feel that you know what youre talking about. Well, Im really self-confident.Um I know what Im talking about and I think I can project that So,what skills would you bring to this job? Well, I realize that
15、Im completely overqualified for this position.I mean,um,in my last job,I was running the whole place. Oh,so youve supervised people? Yep,five of them.So,obviously I could do this job,no problem.I also have really good computer skills.Um what else do you want to know about me? Eh. Even though I was t
16、rying really hard,even though I had sent out about 300 resumes,even though I asked all my friend and relatives if they knew of anything.I wasnt getting anywhere!Despite all my best efforts,I was still unemployed. Please,why dont you see a career counsellor（顾问）?Ill pay for it.Anything to help you get
17、 a job! Samantha,Im Phyllis Stein.WelcomeOh,hi,Phyllis.Nice to meet you. So I figure,heck,why not?I met with Phyllis Stein,a professional job coach. Interviewing is vital to getting the job that you want.She showed me how to prepare for an interview by doing research on the position and the company.
18、And latter,she coaching me on my interviewing skills. I am going to pretend to be your interviewer,and then well stop it and replay it and look at the video and see what we could learn from that.OK?I dont think that you should go into an interview having not practised with some of the questions that
19、 are pretty standard. Tell me about yourself. Well,my parentsmy mom is a social worker,and my dad is an engineer. Your preparation is really important. What do you know about our organization? Well,I saw on,um,on the Internet that ,you do business publishing?Right? There is a whole range of things t
20、hat have to do with how you present yourself/ Why should I hire you? Oh,well.,um, Im a really outgoing person,and I like,I like people a lot.Im responsible and nice. You need to think about what the interviewer is actually looking for. Samantha, what was a major problem that youve encountered and ho
21、w did you solve it? I havent really had any problems to deal with. Thank you.Now lets look at your mock interview on videotape. I think it boils down（归结为） to preparation,presentation, and understanding what the interviewer is looking for (Watching the videotape) Another way of answering it is not te
22、lling about yourself ,but telling your relationship to the job.So,they dont care so much about your parents and that you want to live in Cambridge.They may need you to be able to be a troubleshooter.You use some examples in your life from being a troubleshooter.One of the things that someone who is
23、an assistant in a trade show is doing,is dealing with problems.You need to be sure that you stay,sort of ,on target with preventing,presenting yourself in the strongest possible way.This time I felt a lot more confident when I went in for the interview.I have developed strong communication skills.In
24、 college I worked on the school paper and I brought some writing samples to show you.I also worked every summer at a bed-and-breakfast.I worked a lot with our guests.I booked reservation over the phone,got them what they needed,and handled any complains.Well,I feel like I did really well.Well see. M
25、aking a good first impression is the most important part of a job interview.Arriving on time and being confident are the most important parts of a job interview.Its very important that you are being confident and youre being clear in your answers and listening carefullyNot fidgeting（坐立不安，烦躁） and bei
26、ng confident are the most important things in a job interview.Writing a thank-you note is the most important thing you want to do after a job interview/And go in there with a firm handshake. Listening in Its not enough to ask what successful people are like.It is only by asking where they are from t
27、hat we can unravel the logic behind who succeed and who doesnt This is the basic idea of an intriguing book called Outliers, by the American journalist Malclom Gladwell.The book explores the factors which contribute to people who are extremely successful in their careers, for example, the role the f
28、amily , culture and friend play. Gladwell examines the causes of why the majority of Canada ice hokey players are born in the first few months of the calender year,what the founder of Microsoft Bill Gates did to achieve his extraordinary success,and why the Beatles managed to redefine the whole of p
29、opular music in the 1960s. Gladwell points out that the youth hockey league in Canada recruits from January the first, so that players born early in the year are bigger,stronger and better athletes than others born later in the year.And because they have this advantage at the start of their sports c
30、areer,theyre given extra coaching,and so theres a greater chance that theyll be picked for an elite hockey team in the future. He calls this phenomenon accumulative advantage（积累优势）,a bit like the idea that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.Success depends on the process by which talented a
31、thletes are identified as much as it does on their own abilities. Another aspect which contributes to success is the 10000 hour rule.Great success demands an enormous amount of time for practise and training.For example,the Beatles performed live in Hamburg Germany more than 1200times over four year
32、s,much more than the 10000 hours Gladwell claim is necessary for great success.So by the time they returned to England,they had developed their talente and sounded completely different from any other group. In the same way,Bill Gates had thousands of hours worth of programming because he had access
33、to a computer at his high school.He also became a teenager just at the right time to take advantage of the latest developments in computer technology. Outliers has met with extraordinary sucess,matched only by Gladwells own career for 25 years in journalism.As a result, many citics have seen it as a
34、n autobiography, in which the writer appears to be apologizing for his own personal achievements.But the ides that you have to be born at the right moment,in the right place and in the right family,and then you have to work really hard is a thought-provoking way of revisiting our traditional view of
35、 genius and great achievement.Its certainly worth reading,as long as you dont take it too seriously.Listening in 2P:Hi,we are talking about typical working hours in the US and in Brazil.Eric.um.youre from the States,tell me what are the typical working hours in the States?E:Er.traditionally people g
36、o to work at 9oclock in the morning and they finish at about 5,so sort of a 9to 5.P:And,and Penny I.I know youre English but you work in Brazil,what are the hours in Brazil?Penny:Um varies slightly,sometimes you can start um on an early shift,say,8oclock in the morning to 5 um or 9 until 6.But in Br
37、azil often people will work longer hours than this.P:Right,right ok.And what kind of clothes do you wear?I mean do you dress up formally or in a relaxed way?E:It used to be that you would wear a jacket and tie to work for.for men but er nowadays an open shirt is ok.You dont necessarily have to wear
38、a tie and sometimes on a Friday you can wear a pair of jeans to work.P:Oh,right the dress down Friday?E:The dress down Friday thats right.P:Does that still happen?E:Yes, yes sure it does.P:And how about in Brazil?Penny:Um, its fairly casual,quite informal,um I mean you need to look neat and tidy obv
39、iously,but you,you have your own choice rely on what you would wear,there are no rules and regulations.Its important to look smart but comfortable.P:Right,yeah do you have meal breaks or is that.you just fit in meals when you can or.?E:Lunch,lunch is usually an hour sometimes a little shorter if you
40、 have to do a lot of work from your desk.P:Yeah,how about Brazil?Penny:Thats the same, about an hour.P:And,and with overtime,I mean,if you.I mean youre obviously contracted to do a certain number of hours.What happens if you do more than the hours that you.thats in you.that are in your contract?E:I
41、have to make a fairly um strict record of my hours so if I go beyond 5 oclock on most days I put in for overtime.P:Right.E:And its.the first hour is one of overtime and then theres I think 15minute periods after that.So I could work an hour and a quarter.P:And youd be paid for the quarter hours?E:Th
42、ats right,by the quarter hour.P:How about in Brazil?Penny:Its,its a lot looser in Brazil actually.We we often end up doing overtime but unfortunately not paid.P: Fine.Thats hard luck.And what about holidays,what about in the States?You dont have much holidays in the States do you?E:No.When you start
43、 at a company you get two weeks holiday or two weeks vacation as we say.P:YeahE:Um then its usually not until youve been at the company for about five ears that they give you another week.So you get three weeks after youve been there for five years.P:And what about in Brazil?Penny:Um its quite good
44、actually-30days.P:Sounds very generous.Penny:Yeah I can pop back to.P:Is that 30 working days or 30 days in total?Penny:Thats 30 working daysP:Wow,thats Penny:Yes,yeah its a good deal.P:What about retirement?I know its a long way of there!When do you retire?E:Generally speaking its at 65.P:And the s
45、ame for women.E:Um its I think a little sooner than that for women.Women I think 62or 63.P;Right ,good.And in Brazil is it similar?Penny:Similar to the States.Its um after 60 for women.65 for men,or if youve clocked up about 30 or 35 years of service then you can retire after that.P:Right and when.d
46、o you have a pay day?When is pay day?E:Um,well ,we gt paid twice a month,so we get paid at the beginning of the month and then we get paid in the middle of the month at the 15th give or take(大约). P:Yeah,and what about in Brazil?Penny:I think it all depends which company youre working for.For the one
47、 I am working for right now I get paid twice a month but when I began,with a different company that was once a month,so,it varies.P:And are there any company benefits that you have in the States?Do you have a company car or a pension?E:Yeah,we get a company car.Were able to.we lease a car in effect but its a company car that we get for 18 months to two years and then we.we can move on to another m