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1、附录Car driver bridge just common failure analysis and repair methods Motor reducer main function is to increase the input torque, lower speed, and will accept the transfer of power to change the direction of differential. Disassembly in the maintenance process, the main reducer assembly and adjustmen
2、t of the quality of the good or bad, a direct impact on the main reducer of the state of technology and the main gear reducer, vice life. Must be in accordance with technical requirements and methods to ensure that the assembly quality and accuracy of the adjustment. Reducer in the main assembly in
3、the process of adjustment, including the main owners, driven bevel gear bearing pre-adjustments, the main, driven cone-prints and meshing gears meshing space adjustments, and so on. Reducer in the main assembly adjustment, the adjustment in order to ensure the quality of assembly, must abide by the
4、rules as follows: First, the first adjustment of the pre-bearings, and then adjust the gear mesh, vice-prints, the final adjustment of the meshing gears, deputy space. Secondly, the main, driven gear bearing cone of pre-degree must be provided for in the original methods and numerical check and adju
5、st the main reducer in the process of adjustment, bearing the pre-degree change may not always be in line with the original Provides value. Third, to ensure the engagement of qualified prints on the premise of the adjustment of meshing gears, deputy space. Meshing and mesh-prints of the changes in t
6、he amount of space must be in compliance with technical requirements, otherwise it is necessary to replace the pair in pairs. Fourth, the adjustment process, such as bevel gear, bevel gear Aoli Kang and hypoid bevel gear, often moving to take the initiative to adjust the bevel gear mesh prints, driv
7、en by mobile bevel gear meshing space adjustments. The high-arc bevel gear Gleason bevel gear meshing and mesh-prints of the gap adjustment method is not special. Bearing reducer main pre-adjustments in order to remove the main, driven bevel gear shaft bearing the extra space axial and radial cleara
8、nce, and reducer installed in the main, driven bevel gear shaft bearings, it should be a certain The pre-compression, and part of the balance before and after the axial load bearing. This will make the main, driven bevel gear at work to maintain the right mesh, and can pre-and post-bearings to obtai
9、n a more uniform wear. First of all, take the initiative to adjust the bevel gear bearing the pre-, pre-adjustment of their degrees in two ways: The first method is through changes in the gasket to adjust to adjust. Adjust the location of gaskets, and some separation between the two sets of bearings
10、, some shaft in the shoulder, some in the back of the main reducer. Adjusted increase in the pads, reducing the pre-degree; pads to reduce the adjustment, increased pre-degrees. The second method is to use an alternate set of flexibility to adjust it by the installation, according to the provisions
11、of torque tightening nut penetration margin of the fixed disk, so that every other set of elastic deformation resulting from the initiative to ensure the bevel gear bearing the pre-degrees. Next, adjust the bevel gear follower of the pre-degree bearing. According to the driver of the bridge structur
12、e is divided into two different ways: the first is a single-stage reducer, which is driven bevel gear differential bearing bearings, driven adjustment bevel gear bearing pre-degree differential bearing adjustment is pre - Tight, adjust the differential bearing on both sides of the nut adjustment to
13、achieve. Adjustments on both sides of the nut tightened, pre-degree increase; on both sides of the adjustment screw pine nut, pre-degree decrease. The second is a two-stage reducer, the bevel gear driven secondary and take the initiative to slow down the cylindrical gear with a fixed axis, with both
14、 ends of the bearing shell on the main reducer. Adjust the location of gaskets in the two bearings between the shell and cover. Adjusted increase in the pads, reducing the pre-degree; pads to reduce the adjustment, increased pre-degrees. Second, the main, driven bevel gears meshing tooth prints and
15、the adjustment of the main side of the gap, driven bevel gears meshing side of the gap-tooth-prints and adjustment: the main, be driven bevel gear teeth along the direction of the long exposure, and its location in the control gear The little-central bias, the small end-to-end from the Ministry of 2
16、 7mm, traces of contact with the length of not less than 50% of the long teeth, tooth direction of the high-contact-prints should be not less than 50% of the high-gear, the general should be from the addendum 0 . 80 1.60mm; side of the tooth gap to 0. 15 0. 50mm, but each of the bevel gears meshing
17、Vice change in the amount of space no larger than 0.15mm. When the owners, driven bevel gears meshing side of the gap-tooth-prints and do not meet the requirements should be adjusted in accordance with the following method to simplify the formula is: Progressive, that is, when the mating preference-
18、prints big-time, move from gear to gear shift Near; at this time if the tooth side of the gap is too small, will take the initiative to move out of gear. From a small, that is, when the mating preference-prints little-time, move from gear to gear the initiative away; at this time if the tooth side o
19、f the gap is too large, the initiative will be moved closer to the gear inside. Lord jacking, that is, when the mating preference-prints addendum, the initiative will be moved closer to the driven gear to gear; at this time if the tooth side of the gap is too small, will be driven out of gear away.
20、The main root out, that is, when the mating preference-prints root, it will take the initiative to gear since moving away gear; at this time if the tooth side of the gap is too large, driven gear will be moved closer to the inside. In the motor-driven mechanical automotive power train, drive power t
21、rain bridge at the end of their basic function is to increase the transmission shaft or transmission came directly from the torque, torque will be allocated to the left and right wheel drive with Vehicle kinematics required by the differential function; at the same time, drivers also have to face th
22、e role of the bridge on the road or inside the frame and between the vertical, horizontal and vertical force. Therefore, vehicle drive axle should have the following functions: to ensure that the right has a reduction ratio, so that the car has the best power and fuel economy; differential with the
23、role to ensure that the vehicle or to the uneven roads, tires do not have a Waterloo is delayed; have greater ground clearance in order to ensure the adoption of good; as much as possible to reduce weight in order to reduce vehicle weight; gear transmission and other mechanical work in a smooth, noi
24、se-free. Driver function as the bridge complex, so a higher failure rate. Its main fault: the early damage to the main reducer, made bridge-driven sound, heating and oil and so on. Bridge driver were the causes of the different and various fault is not the formation of a single isolated, but interre
25、lated. If a failure occurred in a timely manner is not ruled out, it is easy to induce another failure to form a chain reaction. If the gap is too small mesh gear, it would drive axle fever, and it will lead to fat drive axle ring, but also the main cause of early damage to the reducer. Reducer is t
26、he main driver bridge in the heart of its early damage will seriously affect the life of the drive axle. Early in the form of its damage are: Vice-gear early wear, tooth fracture, early damage to the gear bearings and so on. Meshing gears are too small or too large gap caused by wear and tear in the
27、 early gears. Bearing the pre-force is too large or too small. Preload is too large, the impact on the efficiency of transmission so that the bearings overheat and shorten the life span; Preload over an hour to make the situation worse meshing of gears, contact stress increases, leading to a pair of
28、 early wear and tear. Not add gear oil requirements. Main reducer to be added as required gear oil in order to guarantee the normal lubrication of the gear, otherwise, in a very short car mileage, the tooth will be due to poor lubrication caused by pitting, and a sharp bond wear. Driven gear as a re
29、sult of the adjustment locking nut loose and have a shift. Adjust the nut loose, causing a passive gear shift, the meshing gap change gear, Deputy Ambassador of early wear and tear. Common faults: 1. Tooth fracture. Meshing gears too much space. When the gear mesh in time to adjust without too much
30、space, so that the owners, driven gear engagement in the process of impact, making gear fault. 2. Differential gear bearings or bearing damage. Bearing damage, roller out in the main reducer, the gear will be damaged. 3. Driven gear differential with the loose bolt connections, and off, also damaged
31、 gear. 4. Severely overloaded vehicle, so that the bearing load, making it lower life expectancy. Overloaded vehicle traveling through uneven pavement, gears and bearings, etc. impact on the load in a row and the role of the early damage occurred. In short, the judge ruled out and drive axle failure
32、, it is necessary to analyze specific issues. In general, improper use, improper assembly adjustment, the quality of the parts itself is a question which drives the root causes of bridge failure. The fault has produced a number of reasons, or one; at the same time, adjustment of the assembly, such a
33、s using incompatible with a drive axle that could cause a variety of failures. 汽车驱动桥常见故障分析及维修方法汽车主减速器的功用是将输入的转矩增大,转速降低,并将接受的动力传递方向改变后传给差速器。在拆装维修过程中,主减速器装配与调整的质量好坏,直接影响着主减速器的技术状态和主减速器齿轮副的使用寿命。因此必须按照技术要求和方法步骤进行,以确保装配质量和调整精度。主减速器在装配过程中的调整主要包括主、从动圆锥齿轮轴承预紧度的调整,主、从动圆锥齿轮啮合印痕和啮合间隙的调整等。在对主减速器进行装配调整时为了保证装配调整质
34、量,必须遵守以下调整规则:第一首先调整轴承的预紧度,再调整齿轮副的啮合印痕,最后调整齿轮副的啮合间隙。第二、主、从动圆锥齿轮轴承的预紧度必须按原厂规定的方法和数值进行检查与调整,在减速器调整过程中 ,轴承的预紧度不得变更,始终都应符合原厂规定值。第三、在保证啮合印痕合格的前提下 ,调整齿轮副的啮合间隙。啮合印痕和啮合间隙的变化量都必须符合技术条件,否则就要成对更换齿轮副。主减速器轴承预紧度的调整为了消除主、从动圆锥齿轮轴轴承的多余轴向间隙和径向间隙,在安装减速器和主、从动圆锥齿轮轴的轴承时 ,应使其具有一定的预紧力,进而平衡一部分前、后轴承的轴向负荷。这样即可使主、从动锥齿轮在工作时保持正确的
35、啮合,又可使前、后轴承获得较为均匀的磨损。首先 ,调整主动锥齿轮轴承的预紧度,调整其预紧度有两种方法:第一种方法是通过增减调整垫片进行调整。调整垫片的位置 ,有的在两轴承之间隔套前,有的在轴肩前,有的在主减速器后面。增加调整垫片,预紧度减小;减少调整垫片,预紧度增大。第二种方法是用一个弹性隔套来调整,它靠安装时,按规定力矩拧紧突缘盘固定螺母,使隔套产生的弹性变形来保证主动锥齿轮轴承的预紧度。其次,调整从动锥齿轮轴承的预紧度。根据驱动桥的结构不同分为两种方法:第一种是单级减速器 ,其从动锥齿轮轴承就是差速器轴承,调整从动锥齿轮轴承预紧度就是调整差速器轴承的预紧度,靠调整差速器轴承两侧的调整螺母来
36、实现。两侧的调整螺母拧紧,预紧度加大;两侧的调整螺母拧松,预紧度减小。第二种是双级减速器,其从动锥齿轮与二级减速的主动圆柱齿轮固定在同一根轴上 ,两端用轴承支承在主减速器壳上。调整垫片的位置在两轴承盖与壳体之间。增加调整垫片,预紧度减小;减少调整垫片,预紧度增大。二、主、从动锥齿轮啮合印痕和齿侧间隙的调整主、从动锥齿轮啮合印痕和齿侧间隙的调整要求:主、从动锥齿轮应沿齿长方向接触,其位置控制在齿轮的中部偏向小端 ,离小端端部 27mm,接触痕迹的长度不小于齿长的 50 %,齿高方向的接触印痕应不小于齿高的 50 %,一般应距离齿顶 0. 801.60mm;齿侧间隙为 0. 150. 50mm,但
37、对每一对锥齿轮副啮合间隙的变动量不得大于 0.15mm。当主、从动锥齿轮啮合印痕和齿侧间隙不符合要求时,应按照下列方法调整,简化口诀是:“大进从”,即当啮合印痕偏向大端时 ,将从动齿轮向主动齿轮移近;若此时齿侧间隙过小,则将主动齿轮向外移开。“小出从”,即当啮合印痕偏向小端时,将从动齿轮向主动齿轮移开;若此时齿侧间隙过大 ,则将主动齿轮向内移近。“顶进主”,即当啮合印痕偏向齿顶时 ,将主动齿轮向从动齿轮移近;若此时齿侧间隙过小,则将从动齿轮向外移开。“根出主”,即当啮合印痕偏向齿根时,将主动齿轮自从动齿轮移开;若此时齿侧间隙过大,则将从动齿轮向内移近。在以发动机为动力的汽车机械式传动系中 ,驱
38、动桥处于传动系末端 ,其基本功能是增大传动轴或直接由变速器传来的转矩 ,将转矩分配给左、右驱动车轮具有汽车行驶运动学所要求的差速功能;同时 ,驱动桥还要承受作用于路面和车架或车厢之间的铅垂力、纵向力和横向力。所以汽车驱动桥应具有如下功能:能保证具有合适的减速比,使汽车具有最佳的动力性和燃料经济性;具有差速作用,以保证汽车转向或在不平道路上行驶时 ,轮胎不产生滑拖现象;具有较大的离地间隙,以保证良好的通过性;尽可能地减轻重量,以减轻汽车的自重;齿轮与其他传动机件工作平稳 ,无噪声。因为驱动桥功能复杂 ,所以故障率较高。其故障主要有:主减速器早期损坏 ,驱动桥发响、发热及漏油等。驱动桥故障的原因千
39、差万别 ,各种故障的形成也不是单一孤立的 ,而是相互联系的。如果一种故障出现不及时排除,很容易诱发另一种故障 ,从而形成连锁反应。如齿轮啮合间隙过小 ,它会引起驱动桥发热,也会引起驱动桥发响 ,还会引起主减速器早期损坏。主减速器是驱动桥的心脏 ,其早期损坏将严重影响驱动桥的使用寿命。其早期损坏的形式主要有:齿轮副早期磨损、轮齿断裂、主动齿轮轴承早期损坏等。 齿轮啮合间隙偏大或偏小都会造成齿轮的早期磨损。轴承的预紧力过大或过小。预紧力过大时 ,影响传动效率 ,使轴承过热 ,缩短寿命;预紧力过小时 ,使齿轮的啮合状况变坏 ,接触应力增大 ,导致齿轮副的早期磨损。未按规定加注齿轮油。主减速器必须按规
40、定加注齿轮油 ,才能保证齿轮的正常润滑 ,否则 ,在汽车行驶极短里程后,齿面就会因润滑不良而造成点蚀、粘结和急剧磨损。从动齿轮因锁紧调整螺母松动而产生偏移。调整螺母松动,造成被动齿轮偏移,啮合间隙变大 使齿轮副早期磨损。常见故障：1.轮齿断裂。齿轮啮合间隙太大。当齿轮啮合间隙太大而未及时调整时 ,使主、从动齿轮在啮合过程中产生冲击 ,从而使齿轮断裂。2.主动齿轮轴承或差速器轴承损坏。轴承损坏 ,滚子掉在主减速器内 ,会将齿轮打坏。3.从动齿轮与差速器的连接螺栓松动、脱落 ,也会打坏齿轮。4.汽车严重超载,使轴承负荷增加,从而使其寿命降低。汽车超载行驶,在通过不平路面时,齿轮及轴承等均受到冲击载荷的连续作用而发生早期损坏。总之 ,在判断和排除驱动桥故障时 ,要具体问题具体分析。总的来说 ,用户使用不当、装配调整不当、零部件本身质量问题是引起驱动桥故障的根本原因。一种故障的产生有多种原因或其中之一;同时 ,装配调整、使用等一项不符合可能导致驱动桥多种故障。