《攻克口译口试：通过电影提升英汉互译能力.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《攻克口译口试：通过电影提升英汉互译能力.doc（33页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、攻克口译口试：通过电影提升英汉互译能力 翻译，这不是翻译家的事吗？至少是行家的职责呀！你可能会这样说。其实，翻译事业，人人有责。而且，我们大多数中国人学外语的方法和途径就是翻译，使用外语的方法也是翻译。因此，我们要更多地从翻译入手学外语，学外语的过程中也要更多地做翻译，不论是处于初级水平，还是处于中级或高级水平。本文摘取13例外国电影的汉译，一是希望大家对翻译更感兴趣，二是希望大家从中得到翻译方法的启迪，以直接或间接地服务于大家考试（中级和高级口译岗位资格证书考试）中的翻译。翻译贵在理解。只有理解了原文，才能使译文忠实于原文，才能使译文通顺易懂。而理解原文的钥匙便是原文的语境、功能、关联这三大
2、要素：这恰好也是三条根本的语用原则。下面请看译例以及我们的短评。欢迎参加我们的讨论。1. Youre a pal！（选自电影Presumed Innocent）你真够朋友/你真够哥们！短评：我看到电影字幕是“你是一个朋友”，这句译文是判断或阐述，而原文是抒情（属于“表达类”言语行为）。可见，好译文要翻译出原文的交际功能。2. I am ready to pop.（选自电影Liar Liar）我要爆炸了/我的肚子要裂开了。短评：这是对“还要吃点吗？”的应答，因此是礼貌拒绝的功能。那么，翻译成“吃不下了”、“再吃就要爆炸了”也算合格。根本不能像字幕那样翻译：“我准备引爆。”3. I am in t
3、he book business.（选自电影Youve Got Mail）我是做图书生意的/我是书商。短评：电影字幕是“我在书生意里”，一是汉语不地道，观众不知所云；二是没有翻译出原文的功能：原文是介绍自己的职业，相当于“我是医生/教师”。4. I owe you my life.（选自电影The Count of Monte Critsto）我欠你一条命/我这条命是你捡回来的。短评：电影字幕是“我这条命是你给的”，岂有此理！命乃父母所赐。原文的功能是致谢。因此，若译为“我欠你一大笔人情”或“以后用得着我尽管说”也比 “给”字句好些。5. She never called me at home
4、.（选自电影Presumed Innocent）她从不在家给我打电话/她不在家里跟我打电话。短评：电影字幕说是“她不跟我家打电话”。虽然英语语法有一定的模糊性，但是根据剧情应该是“她在家”。语言交际的推理要以最佳关联为原则。6. Thats the thing nowadays.（选自电影Liar Liar）现在就时兴这个/眼下就流行这个。短评：一女子对男友说及眼前的一件漂亮的时装，这句话虽然模糊但是不能译成字幕上的“现在就是这个东西”。7. They zig. You zag.（选自电影Fair Game）他们左，你就右/他们这样，你却那样。短评：原文如同汉语的拆文解字，把zigzag拆成两
5、个临时造词，表示不一致。不能把原文译为“他们这样之字型，你却那样之字型”。这样观众就云里雾里了。8. I dont want us to end up enemies.（选自电影Presumed Innocent）我不希望咱们闹翻/我不希望以互相为敌而告终。短评：电影字幕的译文是“我不希望干掉敌人”。原文末尾虽然是成语化的简洁，但是根据最佳关联的原则还是可以推理为“闹翻”或“为敌”的译文。9. Do you mind if I borrow this chair? - Yes, I mind.（选自电影Youve Got Mail）我借这把椅子坐坐可以吗？不行的/不行不行。短评：字幕是“介意吗
6、”和“介意”。作为礼貌的套话，do you mind应该译为“好不好/行不行/你愿不愿意？”当然，电影里女主人公的拒绝是标记性的，是不太礼貌的。10. I saw something I could never have seen.（选自电影Ghost Ship）我看见了，真稀奇/我看见了一个前所未见的东西。短评：原文相当于I saw a strange thing，因此，不能译为“我明白了，原先不明白的”。当然正确的理解是离不开语境（情景和上下文）的。11. Youre cleverer than you look.（选自电影Brave Heart）你真聪明，看不出来/没想到你的脑子还很好使
7、。短评：字幕翻译是“你比你看上去的聪明一些”，我的一些学生也这样译，离钱钟书先生提出的“化境”十万八千里。就是说该译文的汉语不地道。12. The tea is served, Madam.（选自电影The Princess Diaries）茶好了，太太/请用茶，夫人。短评：这是女佣对女主人说的话。电影字幕是“茶水端上来了”，这是宣告或通知，而原文是礼节性交际空白填充（不说话显得不开心不默契），是献茶的邀请（相当于please）。译文不能出现语言功能的误解或错位。13. Please come here. I beg. In the name of Christ.（选自电影Brave Hear
8、t）请过来吧，求你了，快点吧/过来，过来，过来吧我的小祖宗！（求你了，过来吧，看在基督的份上！）短评：原文的末尾是请求或命令的强势语，与基督或基督教没有丝毫关联。再看字幕翻译：“请过来，我求你，以基督的名义。”我国的主流文化是非宗教文化，难怪这样的译文不地道。叫孩子“小/老祖宗”倒可以，红楼梦里贾母等人就是这样叫宝玉的。电影翻译要从语境、功能和关联切入才能达到正确的理解和通顺的译文，考研翻译和口译资格证考试也莫不如此：大凡出现问题的译文，不论是误解了原文的字面义还是内涵义，也不管是译文表达欠通顺还是欠地道，大抵可以说是没有把好原文的语境、功能、关联的脉冲之故，这里恕不一一赘述。上面都是一些不太
9、成功的翻译，是不是我们的翻译都不行呢？当然不是。也有一些译的不错的，例如：沙博里将水浒传译为：Outlaws of the Marsh（沼泽地上的亡命之徒）。我们来看看outlaw 的英文释义：An outlaw is a criminal who is hiding from the authorities. (OLD-FASHIONED) 这里把outlaw 译成亡命之徒，是否准确？大家共同论之。）杨宪益译将屈原的国殇译为：For Those Fallen for Their Country，北外出版社将儒林外史译为：The Scholars。这些都是译者吃透了原文的原意而译出的好“手艺”
10、。再看一段：老者道：“西方却去不得。那山离此有六十里远，正是西方必由之路。却有八百里火焰，周围寸草不生，若过此山，就是铜脑盖，铁身躯，也要化成汁哩。” （西游记）“Its impossible to get to the west,” the old man replied, “The mountains are about twenty miles from here. You have to cross them to get to the west, but theyre over 250 miles of flame. Not a blade of grass can grow any
11、where around. Even if you had a skull of bronze and a body of iron, you would melt trying to cross them职场英语：十种方法让你职场更抢手The current economy has made job-hunting a vital skill set for increasing numbers of people. But even in the best of economic times, it pays to understand what you can do to make yo
12、urself more appealing in the marketplace. 现在的经济形势使得求职成为越来越多的就业者需要具备的一项重要技巧。但即使是在经济形势最好的时候，要懂得如何使自己在人才市场上变得更有吸引力也需要付出代价。Current career trends suggest that an individual will change careers at least 7 times during a lifetime. This reality presents the opportunity to fulfill several of our aspirations.
13、 No longer do we have to choose only one road. Instead, we can visualize a broader map, and believe that we will likely come across those other roads somewhere down the line. Increasing marketability is a sure way of being more prepared for a career change. The following are ten strategies for sharp
14、ening skills and increasing marketability1. Visualize. 想象 Set aside some time to think about where you are in life, and where you want to be. Are you happy? What parts of your career excite you, and what frustrates you? Where do you want to be in five years? In ten? Give yourself permission to dream
15、. 2. Take Inventory. 制作清单 What activities are you currently doing, both on the job and in your leisure time? What skills do they require? How would you rate your skills? Which ones need improving? How could you sharpen them? Which skills do you enjoy using, and which skills do you wish you used more
16、 often? 3. Update your resume. 更新你的简历 Regularly update your resume. Visiting a local career center or scanning current resume books can keep your resume looking polished. You also may want to have resumes that highlight different skills. For example, you might have one specifically for management po
17、sitions, and another for advertising positions. Also, keep hard copies of your resume close at hand and give it out freely. 4. Attend Workshops. 参加培训 Take advantage of workshops offered by your employer. Dare to go to a training session that doesnt exactly fit your job. For example, if your job requ
18、ires computer skills, in addition to computer-related workshops, consider attending a workshop on leadership. If your organization doesnt offer workshops, consider taking a course at a local community college. 5. Cross-train. 交叉性训练 Make your current job more interesting and enhance your skills at th
19、e same time by varying your job responsibilities. Continuously hone your skills that are transferable to other positions, corporations, and even career fields. Always be quick to volunteer for opportunities to learn different skills. 6. Join committees. 参加协会 Committees are a great way to network and
20、 to improve skills. Vary the committees on which you serve. Chair (成为领导者) a committee. Choose to be on a committee that will challenge you intellectually, emotionally, skill-wise, etc. In other words, make a decision to grow. 7. Do something different. 做些不同寻常的事情 Been doing the same thing for years?
21、Maybe now is the time for change. Try something youve always wanted to do, but for whatever reason, havent yet. Youll learn more about yourself, enhance skills, make contacts, and feel alive again. 8. Make new contacts, strengthen the old. 结识新朋友，不忘老朋友 Networking is the primary way people get intervi
22、ews. View every opportunity as a networking one. The goal isnt to determine, What can this person do for me, but finding out what you and the other person have to offer each other. Form and maintain relationships at work, through your family, in social organizations, and in your community. Remember,
23、 you will need to nurture relationships through staying in touch with your contacts, sending cards, be alert to interesting articles, and other thinking of you activities. 9. Volunteer. 志愿者工作 Volunteering can expand your network and enhance skills. Its also an easy way to try out some of your career
24、 aspirations. Considering a career change that will take you out of the corporate world and into the lives of kids? Try volunteering at your local school. Theres no career risk, just a chance to grow, learn about yourself and give back to your community. 10. Create a Marketability Plan. 制作一份推销计划 Per
25、haps the most important suggestion is to create a marketability plan. Take a good, hard look at yourself. Ask yourself the tough questions. If I were an employer, would I hire me? Make a plan to increase your marketability. Which of these activities could you commit to trying in the next month? Set
26、a goal and a time-line, and get started外的日常口语精选。别老sorry sorry 的Hi!jack!劫机！Youbet！你说的没错！Thereyougo!就这样了！Hereyougo!干得好！Ohman!-天啊！Holycow!不会吧！Kindof！还好啦！Badtime我来的不是时候？Duh!废话！Youscaredme!你吓死我了！Youaremean!你真坏！)Winisawin服气了吧，（赢了就是赢了）see!我了解！Yougotthatright!你说的没错！Beatsme!考到我了！Cutmesomeslack!放我一马吧！Haveacow
27、养了一头牛！呵呵玩笑，是我很生气的意思。!Never!你让我死了算了！Sowhat？那又怎么样？Ching-Ching!钱钱(开收款机的声音）Blah.blah.blah等等。等等。（省略）Holdit等等（等于Wait)Yuck!好难吃！Yum!真好吃！Hey!Wiseup!放聪明点！GO！KobeBryant！加油！科比！（GOGOGO偶雷偶雷偶雷）Putuporshutup!要么去做，要么闭嘴！Howdareyou!你好大的胆子！Getout!太离谱了吧！Comeon!拜托了啊！Toblowit你把事情搞砸了！（blow吹风）一阵大风吹过什么都砸了Headsup!小心！Youchicke
28、n!你这个胆小鬼！Notaword!别告诉别人哦！Notagain!不会再来一次吧！Faceit!面对现实吧！Hangitthere!撑下去！Whatever!随便！Justchecking！我只是随便问问！Waytogo!做得好！Suckitup!算了吧！Letmesee!让我想一想！Getlost!滚开！Freakout!气死我了！Gagme!真让人恶心！Noway!免谈！Brother!帮个忙！Buzzoff!去你大爷的！Kickit!放松！Getoveryourself!少臭美了！)Freeze!不许动！（很重要）Cheese照相时-茄子！Samehere!我也是！Pooh哪有这事！
29、“疯狂”代表着人类超越自我的精神，代表着对理想的执着追求，代表着对事业忘我的全 情投入，代表着不达目的誓不罢休的激情。人一旦有了这种疯狂，做任何事情都可以成功 。何况攻克英语！ 李阳 第一焦点：句子就是一切！句子就是财富！ 克立兹提倡的英语学习单位是句子，句子简单明确，容易掌握，并马上可以用于交流！感觉棒极了！味道好极了！ 可悲的现实：从初中学英语到现在，辛辛苦苦学习了上百课精读，但结局如何？大家心里最清楚：学精读、分析课文的时候清清楚楚,充满成就感，好象是学到了很多知识、很多单词、很多语法、很多语言点，但在实际应用的时候却模模糊糊，似是而非，几乎说不出几个正确的句子！几乎全部还给了课本！ 强
30、烈的呼吁：学习精读的时候，一定要把课文中实用的句子总结出来，并脱口而出！这才是真正的学习语言！ 冲天的信心：学习英语没有什么了不起！你的征服对象不过是一句话，最多也就是一、两条语法，十来个单词！任何人都可以学好英语！ 疯狂的成就：从小学四年级开始学英文，如果每天脱口而出五句话，到上初中时，就已经可以脱口而出五千五百多句话，举一反三就可以拥有近两万个实用句子，两万笔英语财富，早已达成自由交流的境界！一个初一学生的英语能力将远远超过一个大学生，因为绝大多数苦读十年的人只会说：My English is poor! 1、 A: How are you doing?（最地道的打招呼用语）B:Im do
31、ing great. 2、 I hope youre enjoying your stay here. 3、 You have my word.（向你保证） 4、 I think exactly the same way. 5、 Tell me all about your troubles. 6、 It is never too late to learn. 7、 Nothing down, nothing up. 8、 To get ahead(出人头地)youll have to work long hours and take short vacations. （多流汗，少享受） 9、
32、 No sweet without sweat. 10、 He who makes no mistakes, makes nothing(不犯错，将一事无成) 11、 Ive heard so much about you(久仰大名！) 12、 Hes been out of a job for months.（他已经失业好几个月了。） 13、 Would you care for a cup of coffee?（要不要来杯咖啡？） 14、 My intentions were good.（我是好意的。）(美国电影常用) 15、 Would you mind if I took a day
33、off?（我请一天假可以吗？） 16、 There were 15 votes in favor of my suggestion, and 23 against. （十五票赞成，二十三票反对。）（超级实用精品句） 17、 It was not as good as I had expected. （那不如我想象的好） 再来一个漂亮的六星级句子（比最高星级酒店还高级） 18、 Youd have more chance of catching the train if you took a bus to the station instead of walking.(如果你不是步行而是乘公共汽
34、车的话，那你就比较有可能赶上火车) 第二焦点：三最口腔肌肉训练法！ 学习外语就是训练口腔肌肉，使之轻松地发出陌生的外国声音，变以成灵活的国际肌肉；学习外语就是苦练脱口而出！只有这样才是真正地拥有语言！克立兹独创的三最口腔肌肉训练法将复杂、冷酷的外语学习变成了简单刺激的游戏！ 做法：用最大声、最清晰、最快速的办法反复操练句子或小短文直至脱口而出。每次记录时间，争取打破上次成绩，也可互相比赛。 English has become an international language. Wherever you go , English is always commonly used. It is
35、convenient to know the language. 第三焦点：一口气训练法！ 这个方法主要训练你说英语的底气。做法很简单，你只需要深呼吸，然后在一口气里尽量多读。经过一段时间的训练，原来需要换几次气的短文，一口气就能轻松读完！ 第四焦点：五大发音要点！（详见前文“美国味”英语五大发音要点） 李阳克立兹将复杂的语音规则总结成五大发音要点，使一般人都能迅速掌握。它们是：长元音双元音饱满；短元音急促；连音；略音和咬舌头。 下面举几个例子： 1、 I dont-know what-to do.（两个辅音连接，只读后一个） 2、 Im working on-it.（连音） 3、 Ask-B
36、ob-to sit-behind-me.（略音） 4、Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night(元音极其饱满) 5、 A：What are you planning to do? B: Im hoping to go to China. 6、 Neither father nor mother likes this weather.（咬五次舌头） 第五焦点：口语突破语法！ 语法是中国人最头疼的一个问题。李阳克立兹的解决办法是：一句话突破一条语法！英语中难的语法不过几十条，也就是说，只需要脱口而出几十句话就可以基本上掌握英语语法的
37、精华，而且能脱口而出，活学活用，举一反三！没有用的语法暂时不要学，系统全面地学习语法只会系统全面地忘记，而且非常辛苦，因为人脑不是电脑。 1、 if she could help you ,she would help you.（如果她能帮你，她一定会的） 2、 John stopped studying. =John is not going to study anymore. 3、 John stopped to study. =John stopped doing sth. In order to study. 4、 I have just finished my work.（表示刚刚完
38、成的动作） 5、 He has gone to America.（他去了美国。）（表示结果持续至今） 6、 He has been to America.（他曾去过美国。）（至示曾经有过的经验） 7、 He has lived here for a year.（表示持续到现在的行为） 8、 I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I had read the book from which it was made. （电影不错，我希望我读过原著）（选自国外权威考试） 语法：wish+主语+过去完成时=愿望之事在wish以前发生。 特别提醒：一定要用地道关用的
39、句子来学习语法，这亲学习才能和语法建立深厚的感情，才能充满交流的渴望，才能一鸣惊人！ 1、 I sometimes stay up till midnight.(一般现在时) 2、 Shes always helping people.(现在进行时) 3、 He is going to change his job.（一般将来时） 第六焦点:口语突破单词！ 坚决反对孤立地记忆单词！克立兹倡导用实用的句子记忆单词，只有这样才有意义，才能真正地建立感情，地久天长！请记住：人是用句子进行交流的！ 1、 I assure you of its quality.（我向你保证它的品质。） 2、 The P
40、resident is going to address(发表演讲)the nation on television this evening. （总统今晚将向全国发表电视讲话。） 3、 You can forget that! You dont stand a chance of getting the job. *stand a chance =have a chance 有机会；有可能；有希望 第七焦点：口语突破听力！ 你一定能听懂你能说出的东西！你只管去大量地练习说，只要发音纯正、用法地道，你的听力自然突破！而且采用的是超级三最法。比外国人说得还快，难道还怕听不懂吗？ 1、 If on
41、ly our team had scored one more point.(要是我们队多得一分就好了。) 2、 She began playing the violin when she was nine. 3、 Nobody likes grapes more than I do.（我最喜欢葡萄） 4、 The outdoor concert was called off due to the weather.(户外音乐会由于天气之故而被取消。) 5、 Ann prefers cold weather to hot weather. 6、 I was so angry that I cou
42、ld hardly speak.(气得说不出话来) 第八焦点：口语突破考试！ 把考试题总结成口语，用三最法脱口而出！你肯定会快速成为考试高手。更重要的是：你获得了真正的英语交流能力。这才是祖国改革开放和经济建设最迫切需要的能力。这是一个一举数得、利国利民的方法。 1、 You were late again this morning. I think you had better (start being) on time. (你早晨又迟到了，我想你最好开始守时。)（托福） 2、 I left very early last night, but I wish I (hadnt left) s
43、o early. （我离开得非常早，我希望我没有离开这么早） 3、 He insisted that we all (be) in his office at one oclock. （他要求大家一点到他的办公室）（虚拟语气）（大学英语四级） 4、 I gave her (my) address and she gave me (hers)(九六广州初中会考) 5、 (What) we cant get seems better than (what) we have.(九六全国高考) 第九焦点：学一句算一句，说一句顶十句！ 学一句就要一丝不苟地脱口而出一句，不懂只是一次不懂，糊涂只是一次糊涂
44、！不再做学了忘、忘了学的无聊游戏！而且说一句就要字正腔圆，不是外国人而胜似外国人！气势压人，高人一等！说一句顶十句！而不是说了十句，别人还把你当初学者！ 1、 How long have you been studying English?(你学英语多久了) （这个最基本的句子几乎没人能脱口而出） 2、 Happiness in my work is most important to me.(工作中开心最重要) 3、 Im afraid I wont be able to come.(我恐怕不能来) 4、 Im feeling under the weather.(我觉得不舒服) 5、 I see your point, but I still cant agree with you.(我懂你的意思，但我仍然不能同意你