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1、New wordsUnit 4 TEXT A17era n.C a period of time in history that is known for a particular event, or for particular qualities 时代； 年代We are living in the information era. 我们生活在信息时代。The invention of television and space rockets has opened a new era for mankind. 电视和航空火箭的发明为人类开启了一个新时代。victim n.C sb. who
2、 has been attacked, robbed, or murdered 受害者；牺牲者The local government is raising money to help the victims of the earthquake. 当地政府正在筹资帮助地震受害者。survivor n.C sb. who continues to live after an accident, war, or illness 生还者；幸存者The police are searching for survivors of the plane crash. 警方正在搜寻飞机失事的幸存者。trage
3、dy n.1 C, U a very sad event that shocks people because it involves death 悲剧性事件；惨剧；惨案Life tragedies can drive people into great grief and sometimes even lead to depression. 生活中的悲剧会使人极度悲痛，有时甚至会导致抑郁。2 C a serious play or book that ends sadly, esp. with the death of the main character 悲剧（作品）Romeo and J
4、uliet is one of Shakespeare s best-known tragedies.罗密欧与朱丽叶是莎士比亚最为著名的悲剧之一。subsequent a.(fml.) happening or coming after sth. else 随后的；继之后的Fires and floods subsequent to an earthquake often cause greater damage. 地震后继发的火灾和洪水往往会造成更大的破坏。These skills were passed on to subsequent generations. 这些技能被一代代传了下去。
5、associate n.C sb. who you work or do business with 同事；（生意）伙伴He is not a friend but an associate; we work in the same department. 他不是朋友，只是同事，我们在同一部门工作。vt.make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and another 联 想 ； 联 系 Nowadays, most people associate this brand with good quality. 如今，大
6、多数人将这一品牌与高品质联系起来。congress n.C the group of people chosen or elected to make the laws in some countries 国会；议会congresswomann.C a woman who is a member of a congress, esp. the US House of Representatives 国会女议员（尤指美国众议员）tender a.gentle and careful in a way that shows love 温柔的；体贴入微的；慈爱的The singers deep an
7、d tender voice is perfect for this music. 这位歌手深沉而温柔的嗓音正适合这段音乐。sympathy n.pl., U the feeling of being sorry for sb. who is in a bad situation 同情；同情心When her husband died, she received many letters of sympathy. 她丈夫去世的时候，她收到许多慰问信。shield vt.protect sb. or sth. from being harmed or damaged 保护；保卫You need
8、an experienced lawyer to shield your rights and interests. 你需要一位经验丰富的律师来保护你的权益。n.C a large piece of metal or leather that soldiers used in the past to protect themselves whenfighting 盾；盾牌The soldiers shield saved him from being killed by his enemy. 那个士兵的盾保护他免遭敌人杀害。hail n.1 (a of bullets/stones, etc.
9、) a large number of bullets, stones, etc. that are fired or thrown at sb.一阵弹雨/像雹子般袭来的石块等The riot police were met with a hail of stones. 防暴警察遭到一阵石头的袭击。2 U frozen raindrops which fall as hard balls of ice 雹；冰雹Disastrous weather includes drought, floods, hail, and strong winds. 灾害性天气包括干旱、洪水、冰雹和强风。vt.de
10、scribe sb. or sth. as being very good 把称赞为；把誉为Shes being hailed as one of the most promising young dancing stars today. 她被誉为当今最有前途的青年舞蹈明星之一。His first book was hailed a great success. 他的第一部书被认为是极大的成功。bullet n.C a small piece of metal that you fire from a gun 枪弹；子弹；弹头priest n.C sb. who is specially tr
11、ained to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Christian church（基督教的）牧师，神父remarkable a.unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise 非凡的；不寻常的；显著的It is that kind of courage and determination that makes him a most remarkable person. 正是那种勇气和决心使他成为一个非凡的人。humanity n.1 U peopl
12、e in general 人；人类（总称）Much of his fortune was to be used to give prizes to those who did their best for humanity. 他的很大一部分财产将被用来奖励那些尽最大努力为人类作出贡献的人。2 U kindness, respect, and sympathy toward others 仁慈；博爱；同情心Her speech showed great maturity and humanity. 她的演讲思想高度成熟，并且洋溢着博爱精神。3 pl. (the ies) subjects of
13、study such as literature, history, or art, rather than science ormathematics 人文学科The School of Humanities offers a wide range of courses for the students. 人文学院为学生们提供各种各样的课程。civilian a.(only before noun) relating to civilians 平民的；百姓的；民用的；非军职的Let us pray for the helpless civilian people trapped in thi
14、s dreadful war. 让我们为陷入这场可怕战争的无助的平民祈祷吧。n.C anyone who is not a member of the military forces or the police 平民；老百姓The war lasted two years and thousands of innocent civilians were killed during the war. 这场战争持续了两年，成千上万的无辜平民在战争中丧生。grace n.1U kind, polite, and fair behavior 善意；礼貌；体谅She did not even have
15、the grace to say sorry. 她连说道歉的气度都没有。2 U a smooth way of moving that looks natural, relaxed, and attractive 优美；优雅After taking only four dancing lessons, she was able to dance with grace. 她只上了四次舞蹈课就能跳得很优美了。circumstance n.C, usu. pl. the conditions that affect a situation, action, event, etc. 情况；情形We h
16、ave been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs. 我们被告知，无论什么情况下都不得使用办公室的电话办私事。respond vi.do sth. as a reaction to sth. that has been said or done 作出反应；回应The fire department responded to the call within minutes. 几分钟之内消防部门就对报警电话作出了反应。respondern.C a
17、person who does sth. as a reaction to sth. that has been said or done 回应者；应答者Cycle responders are fully trained to work on their own in busy areas which are difficult to reach by car or ambulance. 自行车应急救援人员经过全面的培训，能够在汽车或救护车难以到达的繁忙区域独立进行工作。widown.C a woman whose husband has died and who has not marri
18、ed again 寡妇；遗孀solemn a.involving serious behavior or serious attitudes 严肃的；郑重的；庄严的From his solemn expression we knew he was dissatisfied with the results. 从他严肃的表情我们可以看出，他对结果不满意。solemnlyad.严肃地；郑重地；庄严地“I will love my country forever,” Alex declared solemnly. “我将永远热爱我的祖国，”亚力克斯庄严宣誓。sergeant n.C (shorten
19、ed Sgt.) a police officer of middle rank, below that of inspector 警佐；巡佐commitment n.1 U the hard work and loyalty that sb. gives to an organization, activity, etc. 投入；忠诚；奉献My commitment to study has made me the most successful person in my small town. 我在学习上的投入使我成为我们小镇上最成功的人。She is known for her comm
20、itment to nuclear disarmament. 她以致力于核减军而闻名。2 C a promise to do sth. or to behave in a particular way 承诺We made a commitment to keep working together. 我们承诺继续合作。They made a commitment to peace. 他们承诺要保持和平。automobile n.C (AmE) a car 汽车distinct a.1 (usu. before noun) definite and obvious 确实的；显著的After the
21、 principal talked with her, there was a distinct change in her attitude. 校长和她谈过话后， 她的态度有了明显的转变。2 separate and different in a way that is clear 有区别的；不同的；单独的The regions linguistic and cultural identity is quite distinct from that of the rest of the country. 该地区的语言和文化特征与该国的其他地区大不相同。3 able to be clearly
22、 seen, heard, smelt, or tasted 清晰的；清楚的；明显的The outline of the ship became more distinct. 船的轮廓变得更加清晰了。military a.used by, involving, or relating to the army, navy, or air force 军用的；军事的；军队的A countrys power can be measured by its military and economic resources. 一个国家的国力可以用它的军事和经济资源来衡量。personnel n.pl. th
23、e people who work in a company, organization, or military force （公司、组织或军队中的） 人员；员工; 职员The personnel responsible for processing all these letters shall stay until the job is done. 负责处理所有这些信件的人员要留下来，直到工作结束。jail n.C, U a place where people are put after they have been arrested or where people go as pun
24、ishment for a crime 监狱；看守所He was sentenced to five years in jail for robbing a gas station. 他因抢劫一家加油站而被判入狱五年。confine vt.1 keep sb. in a place that they cannot leave, such as a prison 监禁；禁闭The criminal was caught and confined to prison for two years. 那名罪犯被捕了，并在监狱里关了两年。2 if sth. is confined to one are
25、a or group of people, it happens only in that area or affect only that group of people 使局限于The risk of infection is confined to relatively small groups. 感染的危险只局限于较小的人群。solitary a.1 doing sth. without anyone else with you 单独的；无伴的She should have been kind to that aging, solitary woman. 她应该对那个上了年纪的独居女人
26、和善一点的。Some people have rejected company and have been living a solitary life on purpose. 有些人拒绝别人的陪伴，一直有意过着独居生活。2 (only before noun) used to emphasize that there is only one of sth. 单个的；唯一的The benches were empty except for a single solitary figure. 这些长凳上除了一个孤零零的身影外什么都没有。chamber n.C 1 a room used for
27、a particular purpose （有某种用途的）室For many, the dentists surgery remains a torture chamber. 对许多人来说，牙医诊所一直就是个刑讯室。2 a large room in a public building, esp. one used for meetings 大厅；（尤指）会议厅The debate finished and the members left the chamber shortly afterward. 辩论会结束后，会员们很快就离开了会议厅。establish vt.1 begin a rel
28、ationship with sb. or a situation that will continue 建立（关系或联系）The program aims to establish links between higher education and small businesses. 该项目旨在建立高等教育与小型企业之间的联系。2 make sth. start to exist or start to happen 建立；创立；设立Our health research center was established one year ago. 我们的健康研究中心是在一年前创建起来的。Ch
29、ina has established over 1,500 nature reserves. 中国已经建立起 1500 多个自然保护区。harmony n.U when people live or work together without fighting or disagreeing with each other 融洽相处People used to talk about the conquest of nature, but now we realize we must stay in harmony withit. 人们过去常说要征服自然，但现在我们认识到我们必须与自然和谐共处。
30、reconcile vt.find a way to make ideas, beliefs, needs, etc. that are opposed to each other capable of existingtogether 调和；调解We suggest that it is possible to reconcile these apparently opposing perspectives. 我们认为这些看似对立的观点是可以相互统一的。v.if you reconcile two people or groups or they reconcile, they become
31、 friendly again after a disagreement （使）和解；（使）恢复友好关系The little boy does not readily reconcile with his elder sister. 那个小男孩还不愿意和他姐姐讲和。My elder brother and I were finally reconciled with each other after not speaking for over five years. 我和我哥有五年多不说话，最后我们和好了。conflict vi.if two ideas, beliefs, opinions,
32、 etc. conflict, they cannot exist together or both be true 矛盾；冲突； 抵触You may take an online class if the on-campus course conflicts with your work schedule. 如果校内课程和你的工作时间有冲突，那你可以上网络课程。n.C, U a state of disagreement or argument between people, groups, countries, etc. （意见等的） 抵触，冲突，矛盾There is always a c
33、onflict between what they do and what you want them to do. 他们做的和你想要他们做的总是不一致。conflicteda.experiencing or marked by conflicts, esp. of emotions （尤指情感）冲突的，矛盾的Many mothers today feel conflicted about working outside the home. 如今很多母亲对是否要出去工作感到很矛盾。advocate n.C sb. who publicly supports sb. or sth. 提倡者；拥护
34、者；鼓吹者He was regarded as a strong advocate for a variety of educational improvements. 他被认为是多种教育改进措施的强烈支持者。vt.publicly say that sth. should be done 主张；拥护；鼓吹The economic policies the government advocated quickened the decline of the tourist industry. 政府主张的经济政策加速了旅游业的衰退。grief n.U extreme sadness, esp. b
35、ecause sb. you love has died （尤指因所爱之人去世而产生的）悲痛，极度悲伤Her grief over her childs death was not at all relieved with passing time. 她的丧子之痛并未因时间的推移而减轻。ragen.C, U a strong feeling of uncontrollable anger 盛怒；狂怒She flies into a rage every time I mention the stock market. 每次我一提股市她就发火。v.feel very angry about st
36、h. and show this in the way you behave or speak 发怒；怒斥He lost control of his emotions and raged at everyone he came across. 他情绪失控，碰到谁就朝谁发火。vi.continue with great violence or strong emotions （战斗、争论）激烈进行；（暴风雨）肆虐The civil war has raged almost continuously since the 1980s. 这场内战从 20 世纪 80 年代一直持续至今。associa
37、tion n.1 C an organization that consists of a group of people who have the same aims, do the same kind of work, etc. 协会；社团The aim of our association is to get people together to share ideas about management problems.我们这个协会的宗旨是把大家召集在一起，交流对管理问题的看法。2 C, U a relationship with a particular person, organi
38、zation, group, etc. 关系；关联；交往Dr. Gibson s research has shown an association between peoples sleeping patterns and heartattacks. 吉布森博士的研究表明，心脏病发作和人们的睡眠习惯有关联。legislation n.U a law or set of laws 法规；法律The government is preparing to get its legislation on student loans through the congress. 政府正准备让国会通过有关学
39、生贷款的法规。authority n.1 U the power you have because of your official position 权力；当权He said he was a policeman and therefore had the authority to stop speeding drivers. 他说他是警察，所以有权拦住超速的司机。2 C sb. who is considered an expert in a particular subject 专家；权威Mr. Li is a leading authority on Chinese food. 李先生
40、是一位中式烹饪的杰出大师。3 C an official organization or a government department that has the power to make decisions, and has particular responsibilities 官方机构；政府部门The local authority planned to build a high school in the new residential area. 当地政府计划在新的住宅区建一所高中。intense a.having a very strong effect or felt very
41、 strongly 剧烈的；强烈的It is not scientific for a normally inactive person to start a program of intense exercise suddenly. 一个平时不活动的人突然开始进行高强度的锻炼，这是不科学的。Every car was stopped and searched, which caused intense annoyance among the drivers. 每辆车都被拦下搜查，这引起司机们的强烈不满。involve vt.1 include or affect sb. or sth. 涉及
42、；影响The accident last night involved five cars, causing the death of six people. 昨晚那场事故涉及 5 辆汽车，造成 6 人死亡。2 include sth. as a necessary part of an activity, event, or situation 包含；需要Administrative positions often involve doing a lot of paperwork, such as budget reports and staffevaluations. 管理岗位常常需要做许
43、多文书工作，例如做预算报告和进行员工评估。3 encourage or allow sb. to take part in sth. 鼓励参与；允许参加Our aim is to involve more parents in their childrens education through online education programs.我们的目的是通过网上教育节目让更多的家长参与孩子的教育。At our meeting, we should not involve ourselves in arguments; instead we should try to solve ourpr
44、oblems. 我们在会上不应该陷入争论，而应该试着解决问题。fulfillvt. (BrE fulfil)1 do or provide what is necessary or needed 履行；执行；符合The public did not have confidence that the company would fulfill its promise. 公众不相信这家公司会履行其诺言。2 achieve sth. that you wanted to do, or get sth. you hoped for 实现；达到After 10 years of hard work, J
45、oey fulfilled his dream as a movie director. 经过 10 年的奋斗，乔伊终于实现了自己的梦想，成为了一名电影导演。fulfillmentn. U (BrE fulfilment)1 the act of doing or achieving sth. that is promised or expected 履行；实现；达到The new employee got a pay raise for the fulfillment of a difficult task. 新来的雇员因为完成了一项艰巨的任务而获得加薪。2 a feeling of hap
46、piness and satisfaction, esp. because you are doing sth. important or using yourabilities 满足感；成就感Being a teacher gives me a deep sense of fulfillment. 当老师带给我一种深深的满足感。Phrases and expressions give ones lifedie in order to save other people or because of a strong belief 捐躯；牺牲Many people are willing to
47、give their lives for the great cause of their country. 很多人愿意为自己祖国的伟大事业献出自己的生命。ring outproduce a loud clear sound 发出响亮的声音Crack! - A gunshot rang out, shocking everyone in the square. “啪！”响起一声响亮的枪声，把广场上的人都惊呆了。shield sb./sth. from sb./sth.protect sb. or sth. from being harmed or damaged by sb. or sth. 使免受He tries his best to shield his children from the press. 他尽力保护自己的孩子避开媒体的关注。with (good/a good) gracein a pleasant and willing way 有风度地；情愿地John failed in the competition, but he