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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date高考英语考前必看语法填空常见考点荟萃高考英语短文改错常见错误类型高考英语考前必看语法填空常见考点荟萃-名词1.特殊名词的复数: child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, sheep-sheep, species- species,stomach-stomachs,
2、deer-deer, goose-geese, ox-oxen, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, phenomenon-phenomena,means-means, series-series, crisis-crises, basis-bases, German-Germans, Australian-Australians, 2.不可数名词: advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather, knowledge, jewelry, progress,
3、traffic, 3.可数不可数均可，但意思不同: arm手臂,arms武器; good好处,goods货物; green绿色,greens蔬菜; paper纸,papers论文; sand沙,sands沙滩; time时间,times时代; water水,waters水域; wood木材,woods森林; work工作,works著作; experience经验,experiences经历; room空间, rooms房间; exercise锻炼,exercises 练习; 4.只有复数形式的名词：trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks
4、, congratulations, belongings, scissors,glasses, wages工资；riches财富；surroundings环境；ashes灰尘；compasses圆规;5.复数形式，单数意思的名词：plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics, 6.复合名词的复数形式: girl-friends, boy-students, women-teachers, men-workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups, 7.谓语动词用复数的名词: police, cattle,
5、clothes, goods, 8.抽象名词具体化为可数名词：surprise, cold, pleasure, pity, failure, success, worry, honor, must, difficulty, youth, beauty, wonder, danger, interest, 9.辅音字母+o结尾复数加-es的名词：tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes, 10.变“f”或“fe”为“v”之后再加-es为复数形式的名词：wife-wives, life-lives, knife-knives, wolf-wolv
6、es, self-selves, leaf-leaves, shelf-shelves, thief- thieves, 11.特殊注意的名词: people (民族,人); nature (自然,特性)；man(男人,人类)，youth (年轻人,青年男子,青春)12.特殊注意的搭配: congratulations祝贺; have words with sb. 同某人吵架; in high spirits以很高热情地; give ones regards to sb.向某人问侯; in rags衣衫破烂; It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事;冠词1. 序
7、数词前用不定冠词则表示“又一，再一”之意 如：read a second time 再读一遍。2.“a first”可表示“第一名、冠军”之意 如：He often gets a first in maths. 他数学经常得第一。3. such, what, quite, rather, half+不定冠词+形容词+名词 如：such a nice film这样好的电影。 4. as, so, too, how, however+形容词+不定冠词+名词 如：so short a time.如此短的时间。5. half, twice, three times +the+名词 如：twice th
8、e price双倍的代价。6. all, both, double +the+名词 如：all the students我们班所有的学生。7. the与比较级连用，表示二者当中更突出的一个 如：the taller of the two girls更高的这个女孩。8. 在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同 in hospital (因病)住院, in the hospital 在医院(工作、参观等)； by sea 乘船, by the sea 在海边; in charge of 负责, in the charge of 由负责； by day 在白天, by the day 按日计算;out of
9、 question 没问题, out of the question 不可能; a number of 许多；好些, the number of (的)数目;in a way有一点,in the way挡着去路; next week下周;the next week第二周不规则动词burst-burst-burst-bursting; hurt-hurt-hurt-hurting; hit-hit-hit-hitting; spread-spread-spread-spreading; shut-shut-shut-shutting; beat-beat-beaten-beating; run-
10、ran-run-running; swim-swam- swum- swimming; deal-dealt-dealt-dealing; set-set-set-setting; hear-heard-heard-hearing; lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)-lying; hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung-hanging;mean-meant-meant-meaning; bend-bent-bent-bending; show-showed-showed/shown-showing; build-built-built-building; le
11、nd-lent-lent-lending; spend-spent-spent-spending; bring-brought-brought-bringing; fight-fought-fought-fighting; feed-fed-fed-feeding; seek-sought-sought-seeking; catch-caught-caught-catching; dig-dug-dug-digging; teach-taught-taught-teaching; flee-fled-fled-fleeing;hold-held-held-holding; lead-led-l
12、ed-leading; meet-met-met-meeting; say-said-said-saying;shoot-shot-shot-shooting; stick-stuck-stuck-sticking; win-won-won-winning; feel-felt-felt-feeling; keep-kept-kept-keeping; leave-left-left-leaving; lay-laid-laid-laying; sweep-swept-swept-sweeping; pay-paid-paid-paying; stand-stood-stood-standin
13、g; lose-lost-lost-losing; wind-wound-wound-winding; sell-sold-sold-selling; blow-blew-blown-blowing; drive-drove-driven-driving; draw-drew-drawn-drawing;eat-ate-eaten-eating; fall-fell-fallen-falling; grow-grew-grown-growing; throw-threw-thrown-throwing;forgive-forgot-forgiven-forgiving; know-knew-k
14、nown-knowing; forbid-forbad/forbade-forbidden-forbidding;ride-rode-ridden-riding; sew-sewed-sewn-sewing; shake-shook-shaken-shaking; bite-bit-bitten-biting;write-wrote-written-writing; break-broke-broken-breaking; hide-hid-hidden-hiding; tear-tore-torn-tearing;forget-forgot-forgotten-forgetting; fre
15、eze-froze-frozen-freezing; go-went-gone-going; steal-stole-stolen-stealing;choose-chose-chosen-choosing; begin-began-begun-beginning;bear-bore-born/borne-bearing; fly-flew-flown-flying;wear-wore-worn-wearing; weave-wove- woven- weaving; picnic-picnicked- picnicked-picnicking; 形容词1.不规则形容词与副词：far, lat
16、e, old, bad, ill, many, much, good, well, little,2.只修饰可数名词的有：few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of3.只修饰不可数名词的有：little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of4.可数不可数都可修饰的有：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of,5.be very important= be
17、of great importance 6.只作表语的形容词：abroad国外的, afraid害怕的, ahead向前的, alike相似的, alive在世的, asleep睡着的,awake醒着的, fond喜欢的,7.习惯后置的形容词: enough充足的, included包括的, present出席的, left剩下的, involved有关的,abroad国外的, afraid害怕的, ahead向前的,alike相似的,alive在世的,asleep睡着的, awake醒着的, deep深的,long长的, high高的, thick厚的, old老的, thin薄的, wid
18、e宽的, narrow窄的, junior年少的, senior年长的, 动词和动词短语1.加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母的动词regret后悔；control 控制；admit承认；occur出现；prefer宁愿；refer提到；forget忘记；permit允许；equip 装备; skip跳绳; trip绊倒; travel旅游; plan计划; stop停止; beg乞讨;2.常见可用于“动词+sb.+of sth.”的动词 accuse控告,指责; cheat骗取; cure治好; inform通知; remind使某人想起; rid使某人摆脱; rob抢劫; warn警告;
19、 convince使某人信服; 3.常见可用于“动词+sb.+for doing sth.”的动词blame指责; criticize批评; forgive原谅; excuse原谅某人; pardon原谅某人; punish惩罚; scold 指责; thank感谢;4.常见可用于“动词+sb.+into doing sth.”的动词cheat欺骗; trick哄骗; fool愚弄; force迫使; argue说服; talk劝服; terrify威胁; frighten吓唬; persuade说服;5.常见容易误用作及物动词的不及物动词 deal with a problem处理问题; d
20、epend on sb.依靠某人; insist on doing sth.坚持做; knock on /at the door敲门; operate on sb.为某人做手术; participate in sth.参加某事; refer to sth.查阅某物; reply to a letter 回信; rely on sb./sth.依靠某人/某物; 6.可用作系动词的动词act举动像; appear显得; be是; become变成; blow风吹; break突变; continue连续; fall来临; feel觉得; fly飘扬;get变得; go达到; grow逐渐变得; k
21、eep连续; lie位于; look看起来; make开始; play上演; prove证明; rank列为;remain依然; run运转; seem似乎; set 落沉; smell闻起来; sound听起来; stand矗立; stay坚持; taste尝起来;turn转变; wax增大; wear穿着; work运作;7. 习惯接过去分词作宾补的动词(动词+sb./sth.+ done) have让, hear听到, see看见, watch观察, leave留下, make使得, feel感觉, find发现, get使得, acknowledge承认, bear忍受, declar
22、e宣称, desire渴望, fancy设想, imagine想象, keep保持, need需要, notice注意, want想要, 8.习惯接sb./sth.+from+动名词的动词 ban禁止, bar阻拦, discourage劝阻, excuse免除, hold控制, keep保持, prevent防止, prohibit禁止, protect保护, save挽救, stop中止, 9.习惯接动名词作宾语的动词 acknowledge承认,自认; admit 承认; dislike不喜欢,讨厌; complete完成; appreciate感激,欣赏; avoid避免; enjoy
23、享有,喜爱; bear忍受; delay延迟; escape逃跑,逃避; deny否认; consider 考虑; fancy幻想,爱好; mind 介意; finish完成,结束; resist抵抗,阻止; permit 允许; imagine设想; risk冒险; practise 实行,实践; save营救,储蓄; prevent阻止; keep保持; quit放弃,停止; suggest建议; 10.习惯接同源宾语的动词bow鞠躬, cough咳嗽, dance跳舞, die死, dream梦, fight战斗, laugh笑, look看, live生活, run运行, say说,s
24、igh叹息, sleep睡, smell闻, smile微笑, talk谈,11. 习惯接形容词作宾补的动词bake烤, beat击败, boil煮, burn烧伤, colour把涂色, consider考虑, count计数, cut削减, drink喝, drive驱动, eat吃, fill填写, find找到, get得到, hammer锤打, hold持续, keep保持, lay躺, leave留下, let让, like愿意,make使, paint油漆, prove证明, put放置, see看到, set凝固, sleep睡眠, talk谈, think认为, turn转,
25、 wash洗, wipe擦, wish祝,12.习惯接that从句(虚拟语气 should+do)的动词advocate提倡, advise建议, appoint任命, arrange安排, ask请求, command命令, decide决定, demand需求,desire渴望, determine决定, direct指挥, insist坚持, instruct指导, intend意愿, move感动, object反对,order命令,pray恳求, prefer喜欢, recommend推荐, require要求, request请求, suggest建议, urge敦促, vote提
26、议 ,13.动作与结果不同的动词advise, persuade(劝说); look for, find(发现); look at, see(看); listen to, hear(听); tear at, tear(撕); try, manage(尽力); treat, cure(治疗); shoot at, shoot(射击); prepare for, prepare(准备);14.主观与客观不同的动词。receive , accept(接收); must, have to(必须); can, be able to(能够); 15.直接与间接不同的动词。hear, hear ofabou
27、t; know, know of/about; learn, learn of/about;16.不用于进行时态的动词adore崇拜, appear出现, believe相信, belong属于, consist包括, exist存在, feel感觉, find找到, forget忘记,hate恨, hear听到, hold持有, know知道, lack缺乏, lie位于, like像, love爱, matter要紧, mean意思,measure测量, mind介意, notice留心, owe欠, own拥有, possess持有, remember记得, see看, seem似乎,
28、smell闻, think认为, understand理解, value重视, want想要, weigh衡量, wish祝愿,17.进行时态的主动形式表示被动意义的动词bake烤, build建立, cook烹调, copy复制, do做, fill填写, print打印, roast烤, sell出售, work out解决, 18.非进行时态的主动形式表示被动意义的动词add up加起来, act行为, break打破, blow吹, button按钮, burn烧伤, cut切, catch赶上, close关闭, clean清洁,drive驱动, draw画, fill填写, kee
29、p保持, iron熨衣, let出租, lock锁, open开, pack包, peel削, read读, split分裂,spoil溺爱, tear撕裂, wash洗, 19.其后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义的动词bear忍受, deserve应受, need需要, require要求, stand抵抗, want想要, 20.可否定转移的动词believe相信, expect期望, fancy幻想, imagine想象, reckon估计, think 思考, suppose假设,21.常见接动词原形作宾补的动词 feel感觉; have使某人做; hear 听见; let让某人; l
30、isten to听着某人; look at看着某人; make使某人; notice注意; observe观察某人; see看见; watch观察; 22.常见接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的动词 forget忘记; mean打算,意味着; remember记住; regret后悔; try设法,试试; stop停下来; cant help不能帮助,禁不住; go on接着做,继续做; 非谓语动词一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to doto have doneto be doing被动to be doneto have been doneto have been doinging 形式主动doi
31、nghaving done被动being donehaving been done过去分词被动done1.非谓语动词的各种形式：2.非谓语动词的否定形式: 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing, 3.非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动名词复合结构：代词宾格或名词所有格+doing (-ing形式作主语时,用代词主格或名词所有格doing) 分词独立结构：代词主格或名词+doing /done(句中作状语表时间、原因、伴随、让步、方式等)4.非谓语动词的做题步骤(1
32、)判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词;(2)找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语;(3)判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系;(4)判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前且表被动关系常用 done; 之后且表主动关系常用to do; 同时且表主动关系常用doing.5.不定式符号to 的保留问题有时为了避免重复，可以用to 来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget,
33、 want, try；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be, have, have been，这些词要保留。如：I havent been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. Are you on holiday ? No, but Id like to be. I didnt tell him the news. Oh, you ought to have. 6.在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则
34、用被动形式。如：There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work.) There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done.) 注意:下面两个句子的含义的不同There is nothing to do. (无事可做，感到十分乏味。) There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。) 7.动名词作主语动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 It is / was no use / good +
35、 doing sth. It is / was not any use / good + doing sth. It is / was of little use / good + doing sth. 如：It is / was useless 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 注意:若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致如：Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.眼见为实。8.注意以下表达的意义区别：falling leaves正在下落的树叶, fallen leaves已经落下的树
36、叶; boiling water沸腾的水,boiled water烧开过的水; developing countries发展中国家, developed countries发达国家; an exciting voice令人兴奋的声音,an excited voice兴奋的声音; a puzzling look令人迷惑不解的表情, a puzzled look困惑的表情; 9.分词作状语 分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。如：Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间) Be car
37、eful while / when crossing the street. (时间) Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因) Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步) The teacher came in
38、to the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况) 10.独立成分有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有,Generally speaking 一般说来; Frankly speaking 坦白地说; Judging from 根据来判断; Considering 考虑到; To tell you the truth 说实话; 11.不定式作表语在seem / appear (似乎,好像), prove/ turn out (被证明是), remain (仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed (
39、to be ) very happy. 12.动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 否则就要带to。另外在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如: We could do nothing but / other than wait. We have no choice but to wait. I cant choose but laugh.时态和语态1.常考动词时态：(1)三个一般：一般现在时、一般过去式、一般将来时；(2)三个现在：
40、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时；(3)三个过去：过去进行时、过去完成时，过去完成进行时。2.现在进行时与频度副词always, all the time, forever, constantly, continuously等词连用，往往表赞扬、埋怨、气愤或厌恶等情绪。He is always thinking of his study.(称赞)He is always making the same mistakes.(批评)3.某些表动向和起始的动词begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, dine, end, stop
41、, depart, open, close, sail等，当其表一个按计划、安排下必将进行的动作或出现的状态时(这时都有一个表示未来的时间状语)要用一般现在时代替将来时。I leave for Dalian next Sunday.4.在时间、真实条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，(有时也用现在进行时代替一般将来时，显得更确定)。When he comes back, well go shopping together. 5.不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的动词last,hold,benefit,contain,eq
42、ual,fit,join,mean,last,look like,consist of等不能用于被动语态中。(3)表示归属的动词如have, own, belong to等不能用于被动语态之中。(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词如wish,want, hope, like, love, hate等不能用于被动语态之中。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等时，谓语动词不用被动语态。6.主动形式表被动意义(1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound,remain 等后面接形容词时。(2)当break, bu
43、rn, cook, cut, drive, eat, iron, keep, play, sell, last, open, shut, wear, wash, write, translate, print, run, read, operate 等词带状语修饰语 well, easily, poorly 等时。(3)当动词begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, run等表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。(4)当break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out 等表示“发生、关闭、制定
44、”等意思时。(5)want, require, need,deserve后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。(6)be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。(7)在“be+形容词+to do”中，(常用于此结构的形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, interesting, pleasant, nice, bitter, fit, dangerous, light, heavy, important等)不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。(8)某些不定式：to blame, to seek, to let, to rent等与be连用时 The house i
45、s to let.这房子要出租。(9)常见的不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语有：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。7.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况(1)be seated 坐着。如：He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a benc
46、h.)坐在凳子上。(2)be hidden 躲藏。如：He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.) 他藏在门后。(3)be lost 迷路。如：Unsaved changes will be lost. 未保存的更改将丢失。(4)be drunk 喝醉。如：He must be drunk, or else he is mad. 他准是醉了，不然就是疯了。(5)be dressed 穿着。如：The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. 那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。注意：be determined,be pleased,be graduated (from),be finished,be prepared (for),be occupied (i