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1、外文资料翻译 SCM Application And Development TechniquesSCM now permeate all areas of our lives, which is almost difficult to find traces of the field without SCM. The SCM system as the core system, with intelligent sensors connected to intelligent sensors collect and store measurement data, through analyz
2、ing and processing the results displayed in the LCD liquid crystal screen, in order to achieve the indoor environment monitoring. Therefore, the MCU learning, development and application is very important.1. The Characteristics Of SCM ApplicationsMCU features are: high integration, small size, high
3、reliability; controlling function; low voltage, low power consumption, ease of production of portable products; easy to expand; excellent cost performance. At present, the MCU applications include: Office automation equipment; MCU in Mechatronics Application;In real-time process control application;
4、 SCM in the field of application of daily life and household appliances; In the introduction of various instruments MCU to make intelligent instrumentation to improve the automation and precision test and simplify the hardware structure of instruments, improve their cost performance; In the field of
5、 computer networks and communications applications; Commercial marketing facilities; SCM in the field of medical devices applications; Automotive electronics; military aerospace and defense systems, sophisticated weapons and other fields, the application of SCM is self-evident.2. Microcontroller Dev
6、elopment Of A Few Basic SkillsIn the MCU application development, the code efficiency issues, single chip interference and reliability problems still plagued many developers. MCU development are summarized in a few basic skills to be mastered.1) How to reduce the programs bug. Procedures for how to
7、reduce the bug, should first consider the system operation should be considered out of range management parameters are as follows. Physical parameters: These parameters are the input parameters, which include incentive parameters, acquisition and processing of the operating parameters and processing
8、 parameters of the end result. Resource parameters: These parameters are system circuit, device, functional unit resources, such as memory, storage unit length, stack depth. Application parameters: these parameters Changbiaoxianwei Some SCM applications, functional unit of application conditions. Pr
9、ocess parameters: the orderly operation of that system changes in the parameters.2) How to improve the efficiency of C language programming code. Microcontroller using C language programming is the development and application of microcontroller inevitable trend. If you use the C programming, to achi
10、eve maximum efficiency, the best familiar with the use of C compiler. First to test after each C compiler assembly language statements corresponding to the number of rows, so that efficiency can be very clear. When programming in the future, the most efficient use of compiled statements. Various C-c
11、ompilers are some differences in the efficiency of it will be different compiler, excellent C compilers for embedded system code size and execution time than by just the same function written in assembly language 5-20% long Chengdu. For complex and tight project development time, you can use C langu
12、age, but only ask you for the MCU system C language and C compilers are very familiar with, with particular attention to the C compiler system can support data types and algorithms. Although the C language is the most common form of high-level language, but because of their different MCU C compiler
13、system manufacturers have some differences, especially in some special function module operation. So, do not know if these characteristics, then the problem would be a lot of debugging them, but lead to the implementation efficiency is lower than assembly language.3) How to solve the single chip int
14、erference issues. The most effective way to prevent interference is to remove the interference source, cut off the interference path, but often difficult to achieve, we can only enough anti-interference ability of the SCM strengthened. Hardware system to improve anti-jamming ability, interference wi
15、th its flexible design software, saving hardware resources, reliability and more and more attention. The most common phenomenon of SCM is the interference reduction; The Runaway, in fact, can also use the software to process traps and watchdog reset back to the state; so SCM software, the most impor
16、tant interference handle reset state. General SCM will have some signs registers can be used to determine the reasons for reduction; Alternatively you can bury themselves in the RAM in a number of signs. Reset every time processes, through judging these signs, you can determine the reasons for the d
17、ifferent reset; also can jump directly to different signs corresponding program. This allows a continuous run, users will not notice when using procedures had to be reset again.4) How to test the reliability of microcomputer systems. When a single chip system design is completed, microcomputer syste
18、ms for different products have different test items and methods, but some must be tested: Test SCM software features perfection; on electricity, power-down test; aging test; ESD and EFT and other tests. Sometimes, we can simulate the human use, the possible destruction. For example, deliberately usi
19、ng the human body or clothing fabric friction contact port MCU system, thus testing the ability of anti-static. In summary, the SCM has become a computer development and application of an important aspect of the application of the important significance of SCM is that it fundamentally changes the tr
20、aditional control system design and design methods. Former must be analog or digital circuits to achieve most of the functions now can use SCM software approach to reality. This software instead of hardware control technology, also known as micro-control technology, control technology is a revolutio
21、n in the traditional. In addition, in the development and application process, we must master the skills, improve efficiency in order to fulfill its broader use. 单片机的应用与开发技巧 目前单片机渗透到我们生活的各个领域，几乎很难找到哪个领域没有单片机的踪迹。本系统以单片机系统为核心，通过与智能传感器相连，采集并存储智能传感器的测量数据，经过分析处理将结果显示于LCD液晶屏，从而实现了室内环境的监测。因此，单片机的学习、开发与应用显得
22、尤为重要。 一、单片机的特点应用单片机的特点主要有：高集成度，体积小，高可靠性；控制功能强；低电压，低功耗，便于生产便携式产品；易扩展；优异的性能价格比。目前，单片机的应用领域主要包括：办公自动化设备；单片机在机电一体化中的应用；在实时过程控制中的应用；单片机在日常生活及家用电器领域的应用；在各类仪器仪表中引入单片机，使仪器仪表智能化，提高测试的自动化程度和精度，简化仪器仪表的硬件结构，提高其性能价格比；在计算机网络和通信领域中的应用；商业营销设备；单片机在医用设备领域中的应用；汽车电子产品；航空航天系统和国防军事、尖端武器等领域，单片机的应用更是不言而喻。二、 单片机开发中的几个基本技巧 在
23、单片机应用开发中，代码的使用效率问题、单片机抗干扰性和可靠性等问题仍困扰着许多研发者。现归纳出单片机开发中应掌握的几个基本技巧。 1、如何减少程序中的bug。对于如何减少程序的bug，应该先考虑系统运行中应考虑的超范围管理参数如下。物理参数：这些参数主要是系统的输入参数，它包括激励参数、采集处理中的运行参数和处理结束的结果参数。资源参数：这些参数主要是系统中的电路、器件、功能单元的资源，如记忆体容量、存储单元长度、堆叠深度。应用参数：这些应用参数常表现为一些单片机、功能单元的应用条件。过程参数：指系统运行中的有序变化的参数。 2、如何提高C语言编程代码的效率。用C语言进行单片机程序设计是单片机
24、开发与应用的必然趋势。如果使用C编程时，要达到最高的效率，最好熟悉所使用的C编译器。先试验一下每条C语言编译以后对应的汇编语言的语句行数，这样就可以很明确的知道效率。在今后编程的时候，使用编译效率最高的语句。各家的C编译器都会有一定的差异，故编译效率也会有所不同，优秀的嵌入式系统C编译器代码长度和执行时间仅比以汇编语言编写的同样功能程度长5-20。对于复杂而开发时间紧的项目时，可以采用C语言，但前提是要求你对该MCU系统的C语言和C编译器非常熟悉，特别要注意该C编译系统所能支持的数据类型和算法。虽然C语言是最普遍的一种高级语言，但由于不同的MCU厂家其C语言编译系统是有所差别的，特别是在一些特
25、殊功能模块的操作上。所以如果对这些特性不了解，那么调试起来问题就会很多，反而导致执行效率低于汇编语言。 3、如何解决单片机的抗干扰性问题。防止干扰最有效的方法是去除干扰源、隔断干扰路径，但往往很难做到，所以只能看单片机抗干扰能力够不够强了。在提高硬件系统抗干扰能力的同时，软件抗干扰以其设计灵活、节省硬件资源、可靠性好越来越受到重视。单片机干扰最常见的现象就是复位；至于程序跑飞，其实也可以用软件陷阱和看门狗将程序拉回到复位状态；所以单片机软件抗干扰最重要的是处理好复位状态。一般单片机都会有一些标志寄存器，可以用来判断复位原因；另外你也可以自己在RAM中埋一些标志。在每次程序复位时，通过判断这些标
26、志，可以判断出不同的复位原因；还可以根据不同的标志直接跳到相应的程序。这样可以使程序运行有连续性，用户在使用时也不会察觉到程序被重新复位过。 4、如何测试单片机系统的可靠性。当一个单片机系统设计完成，对于不同的单片机系统产品会有不同的测试项目和方法，但是有一些是必须测试的：测试单片机软件功能的完善性；上电、掉电测试；老化测试；ESD和EFT等测试。有时候，我们还可以模拟人为使用中，可能发生的破坏情况。例如用人体或者衣服织物故意摩擦单片机系统的接触端口，由此测试抗静电的能力。综上所述，单片机已成为计算机发展和应用的一个重要方面，单片机应用的重要意义还在于，它从根本上改变了传统的控制系统设计思想和设计方法。从前必须由模拟电路或数字电路实现的大部分功能，现在已能用单片机通过软件方法来实现了。这种软件代替硬件的控制技术也称为微控制技术，是传统控制技术的一次革命。此外在开发和应用过程中我们更要掌握技巧，提高效率，以便于发挥它更加广阔的用途。