初中英语复习笔记(完整版).docx

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1、初中英语笔记大全(精华版)l This is the key to the door .这是开门的钥匙。ll family指家庭时是单数,谓语动词用“is”,family指家人时是复数,谓语动词用“are”。l of表示无生命物体的所有格,s表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用of,但有生命物体后要加“s”。l 以副词there或here开头的句子常要倒装,以示强调。l Whats your name, please? = Could you tell me your name, please? = May I have your name, please?l 写启示的方法:1.

2、启示的主题;2.描述细节;3.留下联系方式。l 表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等,可以用dear作感叹词。l 名词如果有数量词修饰它,使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词,如:l get to somewhere (get home除外)到达ll 肯定:Let+宾语(人称代词的宾格或名词)+ V原型+否定:Dont let +宾语+V原型+/Let + 宾语 + not + V原型+l have表示“有”时才可以用来提问或写成否定“havent”。ll联系动词be动词+ adj.作表语感官动词look 看sound 听smell 闻taste 尝fell 触l 反身代词:myself(我自己) yours

3、elf(你自己) himself(他自己) herself(她自己) itself(它自己) ourselves(我们自己) yourselves(你们自己) themselves(他们自己)l How much + be + 商品?(答:Its/Theyre) = What is the price of?(答:It s)l other(两者中的另一个) another(三者中的另一个)l 帮助某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth.help sb. with sth.with the help (n.) of sb. e.g. He studies math well, wit

4、h the help of teacher.l 一般将来时的一般形式:主语+will+动词原形+l Can I help you? = What can I do for you?welcomea.受欢迎的v.欢迎n.欢迎get a warm welcome 得到热烈欢迎l “hundred,thousand”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加“s”。hundreds of 上百 thousands of 上千l buy sth. for sb. = buy sb.(间接宾语) sth.(直接宾语) 为某人买某物l any body 在肯定句中表示任何人,在否定句和疑问句中不是。l for表示动词

5、的对象或接受者,表示用途,表示目的,表示等价交换或标注价格,表示时间持续多久,表示距离,表示理由或原因。leach强调两者或两者以上的每一个,强调个体+第三人称单数every强调三者或三者以上的每一个,强调整体l the price is low(high) 价格低(高)l也also放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,实意动词之前either放在句末(疑问句、否定句)too放在句末(肯定句)lwhen?答不用具体时间what time?答要用具体时间ll 持续一段时间的节日一般用“festival”.la kind of一种many kind of许多种all kinds of各种各样l ki

6、nd of 有几分如:The elephants are kind of cute.l 含有think的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定,要否定前移,如:She doesnt think they are boring.(她认为他们不无聊)表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。如:Two dollars is enough(足够)。l 怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节:双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音节的中心,元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音,因此,首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合,两个中心就清楚了。两个中心之间的辅音字母(不是字母组合)则分别划归两个音节,

7、第一个音节即为闭音节,如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母(包括“r”),分别划归前后,第一个音节按闭音节读音。如:paper /peip/ (pa为开音节) member /memb/ (mem为闭音节) happy /hpi/ (hap为闭音节) sorry /sri/ (sor为闭音节) certainly /s:tnil/l make friend with sb. (和交朋友)l Thanks for + n. / v.ing = Thanks sb. for + n. / v.ingl below 在下方(非正下方)反义词:above 在上面(非正上方,没有接触面)under 在下

8、面(正下方)反义词:on(有接触面),over(没有接触面)在上面(正上方)l keep + sth. + adj. 使某物保持某状态。keep + adj. 保持某状态。l 表示请求、建议、希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句用“some”。l sport用来修饰名词要变为sports。l play + the + 乐器 Erhu除外l be动词后叫表语,修饰名词叫定语,修饰动词叫状语,前后两词对等叫同位语。l be good with sb. = get on well with sb. 与某人相处的很好l 问:How often does Rick run on weekend?答:Rick u

9、sually runs on weekend.l always(总是)usually(通常)often(经常)sometime(有时)seldom(很少)never(从不)l 频度副词放在be动词或助动词之后,实意动词或行为动词之前。l 感叹句:What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + (主) + (谓) !How + adj. /adv. + (主) + (谓) !l Can you think what his job is? 含有宾语从句的复合句,宾语从句的从句必须是陈述句。l Start to do sth. 开始做某事l be famous for 因出名l忙于某事be

10、 busy doing sth.be busy with sth.l对某人某事严格be strict with sb.be strict in sth. / doing sth.ll for + 时间段做某事持续多久l 问:How long do you have volleyball?答:I have volleyball for two hours.l ask sb. some questions. 问某人一些问题ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事l no =not anyl because不和so同时使用,although(尽管)不和but同时使用。llittle修饰不可

11、数名词几乎没有(否定)a little有一些(肯定)few修饰可数名词几乎没有(否定)a few有一些(肯定)l either:两者中的任何一个都行。neither:两者中的任何一个都不。l 用“may”提问的句子回答用can/can t或must / mustn t;用“can”提问的句子回答用can/cant;用“must”提问的句子回答用need/neednt.l be afraid of doing sth. / be afraid of sth. 害怕做某事/某物l make a continuation to sth. 对有贡献l do well in = be good at 擅

12、长l 比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越l give back = return 归还l in the world 在世界上all over the world / around the world / the whole word 全世界l in the school 在学校里in school 在学校学习l outside 在外面l turning 转角l go down + 沿着 路走 go straight down + 沿着 路直走l enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 enjoy oneself = have a good time = have funl take

13、a walk = go for a walk = have a walkl the beginning of 的开始at the beginning of 强调在开始的那一刻in the beginning 起初,一开始from the beginning 开始时from beginning to end 从开始到结束l visit + 地点、参观某地a visit to + 地点、参观某地l have fun doing sth. 做很开心l 地点 + is a great place to do sth. 是一个做的地方l be busy with sth. 忙于某事l the way t

14、o 去的路on the way to + 地点 在去的路上on ones way to + 地点 某人在去的路上on my way to home 在我回家的路上lll 主语 + hope(that) + 从句主语 + hope + to do sth.l live on 靠为生llpay 金钱 to sb. for sth. 为了某物付钱给某人pay 金钱 to sb. = pay sb. 金钱pay sb.付钱给某人l between 两者之间 among 三者或三者以上之间ll Why not do sth. ? 表建议:为什么不做呢?Why dont you do sth. ? 表疑问

15、:你为什么不要?l in the south of 在南部l asleep 睡着的 adj. fall asleep 入睡 be asleep 正睡着l be friendly to sb. 对某人友好l dont forget to do sth. 不要忘记做某事l tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事tell sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不去做某事ll 介词 + doing sth.l would like to do sth. 想要做某事l Sam wants to play basketball, doesnt he ? 翻译疑问句l Why not

16、do sth. ? = Why dont you do sth. ?l practice doing sth. 练习做某事l use sth. to do sth.l 比较级中的代词用that , 如:The map of Beijing is better than that of Tianjin.l said to oneself 自言自语l be careful not to do sth. 小心别做某事l do ones best 尽某人的全力ll be satisfied with 对满意l be full of 满是ll 条件状语从句:主语为将来时,从句为一般现在时。l Its (

17、形式主语) + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth.(主语) 做某事怎么样。Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. (adjlll talk to / with sb. 与某人交谈l be out 外出ll waitress 女服务员ll be late for 做迟到了ll learn by oneself = teach oneself 自学lll show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.l lately 最近ll thanks for + n. / 动名词l 表语一般放在be动词后,定语一般放在名词前。l be with

18、 sb. 与某人在一起ll 描述头发:漂亮 + 长短 + 形状 + 颜色描述人的长相:have / has + hair / eyes / ears / mouth / nose is / am / are + tall / short / thin / heavy / good-looking / of medium height l strong的反义词:weak 虚弱的l love to do sth. 喜爱做某事l wear 用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。l kind of = a little bit + adj. / adv. = a little bit of + n.llll

19、lllll to + v.(不定式)l another + n.(单) | |ll Its time for sb. to do sth.l be worry (adj.) about (担心) = worry (v.) aboutlll sothat 如此以致l discuss with sb. sth.lll as soon as 一 就lll How oftenHow manyHow muchHow long 时间多久How far 距离多远How soon 多快 例:How soon will you come back ? In two days.How many times 多少次

20、l result for do sth.l want sb. to do sth.ll Thanks for doing sth. be different from 与不同look after = take care of 照顾(重视)l the same as 与一样 kind of = a little (bit)l keep in good healthy = keep healthy make a plan for 为做计划l although = though 让步状语从句:虽然、尽管l be good at sth. / doing sth.l advice (un.) 建议 a

21、 piece of advice.ll lots of = a lot ofll want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 = would like sb. to do sth.ll hope表示有可能实现的愿望。hope to do sth.希望去做某事;hope + that从句(that可以省略)。另外,hope后面+so表示“希望如此”;hope not表示“希望不是这样。wish表示的愿望有点难实现。wish to do sth.希望做某事;wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事;wish that从句,从句所表示的希望一般是不可能实现的,故用虚拟语气。l

22、l 形式主语Its + adj. to do sth.l have a pain in the + 身体部位l 名词修饰名词:修饰词总为单数woman man 跟着所修饰词单复数变化sport 作为修饰词总为复数l there be + 主语 + doing sth.l if:条件状语从句,用一般现在时表将来时。l angry with sb. about sb. 为某事生某人的气。l for表目的,例:We come here for vacation.ll 将来时:1. will + v.(原)2. be going to do sth.3. 用现在进行时表将来时l Have a good

23、 time = Enjoy yourselfl send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.l show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.ll think (过去式:thought) :think about sth. / doing sth. 思考 think of :想起l decide (决定) to do sth. / on sth. / on doing sth.l 在某大洲中心in:Greece is in Europe.(European欧洲的)l leave somewhere 离开某地 leave for somewhere 离开去某

24、地l planplannedplanningl natural 自然的l finish doing sth. 完成某事l hope to do sth. / 从句ll I cant wait to do sth. 我迫不及待想做某事 the number of 的数量l depend on 依赖于l keep + 宾语 + adj.(宾补) decide to do sth. / on sth. /on doing sth.l get to = reach = arrive in / atl 地 + is + 距离 + (away) from B 有具体距离不再用far Its + 距离 +

25、from A to B划线部分提问:Its ten kilometres from my home to school.How far is it from your home to school ?l It take sb.to do sth. 例:It takes him about 10 minutes to ride to the station.l final = at last =in the endl not all (部分否定)并非所有:Not all students are here.lll a lot / far / much 用来修饰比较级表示差别程度大,差别程度小用

26、a bit / a littlell What do you think of ? = How do you like ?l need(实义动词) + sth. / to do sth.l the number of 的数量,谓动用单数(is)The number of the students is 100ll face to face 面对面l another在做形容词时意为“又一个,再一个,另外的”,其后可以接可数名词的单数或复数。如:I have another two books to read.l another ,the other ,others ,the others ano

27、ther既可作形容词又可作代词,泛指“再一个,又一个”,表示“总数为三个或三个以上中任意的另一个”,表示泛指,可以单独使用;作定语时,修饰可数名词单数,其前不加冠词。如:This dress is dirty ,please change another one for me. the other表示“两个中的另一个”,表示特指,总数为两个;它可以单独使用,也可用the other + 可数名词单数。如:His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse. others用于泛指一些人或事物中

28、其他的,可单独使用或用other + 可数名词复数来代替。注意others后面不可直接加名词。如:Some students like English and other students (others) like physics. the others指一定范围内其余所有的人或物,表示特指。如:This dictionary is better than the others.l 形容词、副词的比较级1. 比较级的定义大多数形容词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更”。比较级前面一般用much ,even ,a little修

29、饰。2. 比较级的构成(1) 规则变化 单音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词一般在词尾加er如:calmcalmer talltaller smartsmarter 以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加r如:nicenicer finefiner largelarger 以辅音+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加er如:earlyearlier happyhappier busybusier 以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词,双写辅音字母,再加er如:bigbigger thinthinner hothotter 多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more如:popularmore popular impor

30、tantmore important(2) 不规则变化少数形容词、副词的比较级变化是不规则的:goodbetter bad/illworse many/muchmore littleless farfarther/further oldolder/elder3. 比较级的用法(1) 当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词或副词的原级或比较级。 表达“A和B一样”,用asas的结构。公式:A + be动词 + as + 形容词原级 + as + BA + 实义动词 + as + 副词原级 + as + B如:I am as tall as you.He runs as fast

31、as I. 表达“A不如B”用not as/soas的结构。公式:A + be动词的否定形式 + as + 形容词原级 + as +BA + 助动词的否定形式 + 动词 + as + 副词原级 + as + B如:I am not as tall as you.He doesnt run as fast as I. 表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构公式:A + be动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + BA + 实义动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B如:I am taller than you.He runs faster than I.(2) 关于形容词、副词比较级的

32、更多用法 比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语,意思是“更”,“得”。常见词有much ,a little ,even ,a lot ,a great deal等。如:He is much taller than I.I jump a little higher than he. 比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。如:I am two years older than he.This building is 20 meters higher than that one. 表示“越来越”比较级 + and + 比较级(单音节词);mo

33、re and more + 原级(多音节词)如:It is getting warmer and warmer.He is running faster and faster.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 表示“越就越”;the+比较级,the+比较级如:The more ,the betterThe more careful you are ,the fewer mistakes you will make. the+比较级of the two表示两个当中较的一个如:The taller of the two boys is

34、 my brothers.4. 运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题(1) 按语法规则,than后面的人称代词应当用主格,但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。如:He is more careful than I (me).(2) 只有同类的事物才能比较如:Her bag is bigger than mine.Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kun Ming is much better than that of Shenyang.The weather of Kun Ming is much better than Shenyang.5. 加er

35、的双音节词大多以y、ow、er、ple、ble结尾6. 由词根+前缀/后缀形成的形容词+morel 一般现在时一般现在时是指经常发生的动作或存在的状态,其谓语动词用原形,当主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词有三单变化。1. 一般现在时态的句型:(1) 动词为be动词时:主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + 其他部分否定句在be动词后面加not;一般疑问句把be动词提到句首。(2) 动词为行为动词时:一般现在时态的肯定句: 主语+动词原形+其他成分 主语(第三人称单数)+动词s/es+其他成分一般现在时态的否定句 主语+dont+动词原形+其他成分 主语(第三人称单数)+doesnt+动词原形

36、+其他成分一般现在时态的一般疑问句 Do+主语+动词原形+其他成分? Does+主语(第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他成分?一般现在时态的一般疑问句特殊疑问句+一般疑问句?2. 动词第三人称单数的变化(1) 直接加s,如:looklooks sleepsleeps(2) 在字母s,x,ch,sh,o后加es,如:watchwatches gogoes(3) 辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加es,如:studystudies crycries注意:一般现在时态的特殊疑问句What does he do on weekend ?He watches TV .llll there be : 就近原则

37、不出现there havell prize 奖品奖金 争夺物;值得竞争的目标;口语极好的东西。l buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.ll have fun = have a good time = enjoy doing sth.l competition做不可数名词时表示竞争,做可数名词时表示竞赛。ll help sb. (to) do sth.l have fun doing sth. take off 起飞、脱掉happen 发生 :sth. happen to sb.take a class = have a classl 一般过去式的时间状语都是明显表示过

38、去的。如:yesterday, last night(week/year), in + 过去的年份(如:in 1998),ago(如:three tears ago), just now 等等。l start doing sth. = start to do sth. take part in = join in 参加活动(join:加入某组织或团体)l learn sth. / to do sth. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做的事 practice doing sth.l see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正做某事l to后面加v.原llll k

39、eep: keep fit (体型上)/ keep healthy keep adj. keep doing sth. keep sb. / sth. adj.(宾补)例:Keep the food cool. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事l of 一般用来赞扬或批评 It is adj. of sb.ll give sb. a ride 顺便搭一程get a ride 搭便车l start doing sth.ll be like(介) 像l have better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事l borrow sth from sb. 向某人接某

40、物Lend sth. for sb. / Lend sb. sth. 借给某人某物hopehope to do sth.hope + 从句comparewith比较to比喻l Have / has been doing sth. 现在完成时l advice1. advice dvais (E) n. 忠告,意见 take(give) ones advice 接受(给予)忠告或建议 语法 advice是不可数名词:一条建议(忠告)误:an advice正:a piece of advice2. advise dvaiz (E) v. 忠告,劝说,劝说;(I) v. 通知(=inform)advi

41、se sb.not to do sth.劝说某人不要做某事against doing sth.advise sd. of sth. 向某人通知某事 (搭配同类informinf:rm)辨异“劝说”(advise)不一定“说服”(persuade)adviser, advisor dvaiz n. 忠告者,建议者,顾问lby the way顺便提一下on ones way前往某地的路in ones way挡住了某人的路no way不in this / that way通过这样、那样的方式in some way在某些方面keep silence 保持沉默l province prvins 省,州;

42、pl. 地区,地方; the provinces 乡下be + 过去分词:被动语态mindwould you mind doing sth? / not do sth?表示同意:No,not at all / Certainly not / Of course not表示不同意:Sorry,but + 理由Mind (not) doing sth.mind ones doing sth.It takes sb. to do sth.Sth. cost sb. some money.Sb. pays some money for sth.Sb. spendon sth.(in) doing st

43、h.l enter = go into = take park inll hear from sb. 收到某人来信 l suggest sdest 建议,提议,提出(计划等)。suggest sth. / doing sth. / 从句 / to do sth.l make friends with 与谁谁交友l the 比较级 the 比较级 越.就越.l interested of sth. / doing sth.lsee sb. doing sth.看见某人正做某事see sb. do sth.看见某人做(整个过程)l hear of / about 听说l sth. seem a.

44、seem si:m v. 好像;似乎;好像是。看来好像。l start doing sth. = start to do sth.lThe classroom needscleaning every day.to be cleaned.l show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.l stop from (sb.) doing sth. 阻止(某人)做某事l a bit = a bit of + n.l be动词加过去分词表被动语态it is said its said 据说 remember do sth.l 当陈述部分有few little never seldom

45、hardly neither none 等否定词时,后半部分用肯定。l 当陈述句有前后缀变否定的词如 dislike unhappy 等后半部分仍旧用否定l 反义疑问句:确认信息留下话尾给别人说结构:前否后肯,前肯后肯陈述句/祈使句,( )?附加疑问句:类似于一般疑问句人称时态与主句保持一致人称需要用代词:Mary is a bad girl , isnt she?回答:按事实回答l 祈使句的附加疑问句Lets , shall we?其他祈使句用will you? (include “Let us”)l make sure to do sth. / of sth. / about sth. 弄清楚,查明,确认l across从表面经过 through 从内部穿

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