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1、初中英语时态复习 知识点一：一般现在时1、描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态一般与频率的时间状语如：always, everyday, often, once a week(month, year, etc.), sometimes, seldom, usually等连用，表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的1)She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. 2) I leave home for school at 7 every morning.3)She gets up at 6 oclock ever
2、yday.2、描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等其重点不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态，而是描述现阶段的动作或状态1)Ann writes good English but does not speak well.2)Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 3)All my family love football.4)My sister is always ready to help others.3、陈述客观事实、客观真理。1)The sun rises in the east.2)The earth goes
3、 around the sun.3)Light travels faster than sound.4、在由if, unless, even if等引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来时间1)Ill come to help you if Im free tomorrow.2)Unless you try, you will never succeed.5、由when, before, after, until, till, as soon as, by the time, each time, the moment, immediately等引导的时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将
4、来时间1)Next time I go there, I ll ask him about it. 2)Please let me know immediately you get the results. 3)Ill telephone you as soon as he comes back.4)When they leave school, they will go back to the country.6、表示感觉和状态或关系等的动词如be, like, love, hate, want, think, remember, find, sound, forget, refuse, s
5、ee, allow, prove, have, matter, taste, look, feel等，常用一般现在时表现在进行时1)Carl and Wang Bing are students.2)In the evening I love sitting by the fire and playing my guitar.7、少数动词如: begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等，表示按计划、规定，时刻表要发生时，常用一般现在时表示一般将来时1)The meeting begins at seven.
6、2)The train arrives at half past six this afternoon.8、书报的标题、小说、戏剧、图片等情节介绍常用一般现在时1)China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful2)Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.知识点二：一般过去时1、在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语如: in 1989, in september, las
7、t week(night, month, year, century, etc.), yesterday, the day before yesterday, two hours ago1)He got his driving license last month.2)Where did you go just now? 3)I went to the cinema the day before yesterday.2、表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作1)He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.2)We
8、 went swimming every day last summer.3)He often came to see me when I was in hospital.3、在if, unless等引导的非真实条件状语从句中，与现在事实和将来事实相反时要用一般过去时表示1)If I were you, I would rather stay at home than sit here.2)If it rained tomorrow, I would not go to school.4、在宾语从句中如主句动作为一般过去时态时，从句的一般现在时应为一般过去式Lucy told me that
9、he wanted to go to Chengdu.5、在由if, unless, even if等引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作I promised I would tell her if she got my home before 9 oclock.6、在由when, before, after, until, till, as soon as, by the time, each time, the moment, immediately等引导的时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作1)he said that he would let me kno
10、w as soon as he got the information.2)I would go to Beijing when my classmate Tom came back.7、would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事1)Id rather you came tomorrow.2)I would rather you didnt do anything for the time being.8、It is time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了，早该It is time you went to bed.9、用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气1)动
11、词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等1)Did you want anything else?2)I wondered if you could help me. 2)情态动词 could, would。Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？知识点三：一般将来时1、shall/will+动词原形，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是纯粹的将来动作1)I shall/will not be free tomorrow.2)He will arrive here this evenin
12、g.3)I can see youre busy, so I wont stay long.注意：在you and I或both of us等短语后，只用will，不用shall1)You and I will arrive there next Monday.2)Both of us will graduate from middle school next year.2、be(am/is/are) going to do1)表示经过事先考虑与打算、按计划或安排将要发生的动作Im going to finish the report this afternoon.The play is go
13、ing to be produced next month.2)表示根据某种迹象推测出即将发生的动作Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It s going to rain. There is going to be a lot of difficulty in doing this. 3、be( am/is/are ) to do1)按计划安排要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days.The factory is to go into productio
14、n before National Day.2)要求或命令他人做某事You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room. You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 4、be about to doWe are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now.He is about to leave for Beijing. 注：1)be about to do 不能与tomorrow, n
15、ext week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。be going to/will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来, will表意愿If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on in front of the mirror.2) be to do表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划I
16、 am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 5、一般现在时表将来 1)动词如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已定或安排好的事情The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 2)以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进
17、行Here comes the bus. The bus is coming.There goes the bell. The bell is ringing. 3)在时间或条件句中When Bill comes, ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4)用于祈使句+and/or+陈述句Work hard and you will succeed.Go at once and you will see her.6、用现在进行时表示将来 表示最近按计划、安排即将发生的动作，它只限用于少数动词，如：
18、play, have, sleep, wear等，或表示位移的动词，如：go, come, leave, start, begin, move, drive, fly, go off, get to, arrive, return, see off, stay, take, take off等，并常与表示将来时间的状语连用，如：tomorrow, next week, in a few days等We are having an English evening tonight. Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few day
19、s time. Where are you spending your holidays this summer？去将来时表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个将来时间绝不会延伸到现在；而仅限于过去时间区域内。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示过去某个时间点的状语。1、表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be.He didnt expect that we would all be there.It was Saturday, the next d
20、ay would be her fifteenth birthday.2、一些表示位置转移的词，如: go, come, leave, arrive 等，可用过去进行时来表示在过去某时看将要发生的动作或打算要做的事1)He said he was leaving for Beijing that afternoon.2)I didnt know when they were coming again.3)A big shop was opening the next Monday. Many important persons were going there to say their con
21、gratulations.3、过去将来时主要用于宾语从句或间接引语中，主句的谓语动词通常是 said, asked, thought, knew, toldHe said that they would go home.He asked that they would do.I knew that they would arrive.4、在非真实条件状语从句中，若从句与现在或将来事实相反，主句用过去将来时If I were you, I would stay at home nowIf it rained tomorrow, I would not go to school.知识点五：现在完成
22、时1、现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作By now, I have collected all the data that I need.We havent met for many years.They have developed a new product.2、表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作Have you had your dinner?She has been to the United States. You have grown much taller.3、表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续，常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用
23、It has been five years since he joined the army.They have learned English for eight years.So far weve only discussed the first five chapters.注意：1) Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born. 并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时I worked here for
24、 more than twenty years. I have worked here for many years.2)有些动词表示无法持续的动作，它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动词常见的有: be, believ, consist, find, forget, hate, have, hope, hear, know, like, love, notice, prefer, remember, see, seem, smell, suggest, taste, understand, want, wish, sit down, stand up等，在解答时要注意把非延续性的动词转化为延续
25、性动词:1). 改为be+形容词或副词，然后用这一结构的现在完成时态+ for+ 具体时间累计数(见后练习)2). 瞬间动词的一般过去时+时间累计数+ago The rain stopped three hours ago.3). 使用It is +时间累计数+ since +主语+谓语(用瞬间动词的一般过去时表示)It is three hours since the rain stopped.It is five years since she became my wife.4、It is the first/second time thatIt is the first time tha
26、t I have visited the city. This is the first time Ive heard him sing.5、This is the est thatThis is the best film that Ive ever seen. 知识点六：过去完成过去完成时(had done)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在过去的过去。 一、基本用法：1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即过去的过去。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示
27、过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.The train had gone before I got there.When Tom heard that, the alien had gone into the store.2)由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came
28、.She had lived in London since 1999, and then he moved into America.3)叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时 I retur
29、ned the book that I had borrowed. She found the key that she had lost. 5)过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前 He said that he had known her well. I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 6)状语从句中，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如when, before
30、, after, as soon as, till/until引导的时间状语When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work. 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his Engl
31、ish. 7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 8)过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen, no soonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)等固定句型中 Hardly had he begun to speak when t
32、he audience interrupted him. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 9) It was the first time that句型中，在此句型中主句用了一般过去时，that 引导的定语从句要用过去完成时It was the first time we had talked together.10)用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中If he saw you yesterday,
33、he had asked you about it.二、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为have (has) + 过去分词；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调过去的过去，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 I have learned 1000 English words so far. I had learned 1000 English words till then. 三、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 1. 时间状语不同：过去完
34、成时在时间上强调过去的过去；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时 She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before, after, as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.1q)V b:0