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1、 Unit 1 Wise men in history【知识要点】 必记单词golden adj. 金的；金色的 Olympics n. pl.奥运会agreement n. 同意；应允 pot n. 罐doubt v. 不能肯定；对没把握 real adj. 真的；正宗的truth n. 真相；实情 seem v. 好像；似乎solve v. 解决；处理 fill v. 装满；注满bowl n. 碗；盆 brave adj. 勇敢的；无畏的metal n. 金属 certain adj. 确定的；肯定的prison n. 监狱；牢狱 hit v. (hit，hit)(用手或器具)击；打cor
2、rect adj. 准确无误的；正确的 mistake n. 错误less det.（与不可数名词连用）较少的；更少的 常考短语in ancient Greece 在古希腊(be) happy with（对某人或事物）满意的 = be pleased/satisfied with fillwith 用把装满 think about = consider 考虑；思考 be filled with=be full of 充满；装满 run over 溢出 ask sb for sth 向某人要某物 onethe other 一个另一个send sb to prison 把某人关进监狱 tell t
3、he truth 说实话make sure 确保；设法保证 something else 别的东西 bothand 和都 be made of +看得见的原材料 由制成 be made from +看不见的原材料 由制成be made by + sb. 被某人制成 课文解析At first, he was very happy with it. (1) at first 起初 辨析：at first与first of allat first起初；当初相当于at the beginning，与后来发生的事相对照，其反义词组为at last（最后，终于）first of all首先，第一相当于fi
4、rst，表示顺序，是时间上或一系列行动的开始，后面往往接next，then等 ,I didnt want to go,but I soon changed my mind. ,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance. (2) be happy with sb./sth 意为“对某人或事物满意的”，=be pleased/satisfied with sb./sth His teacher is happy with him. 他的老师对他很满意。 She is happy with wh
5、at Ive done. 她对我做的很满意。Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown. (1) however然而 辨析：however与but，二者都有“然而，但是”的意思，其区别如下： however“然而；不过”，比较正式，可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾；其前面或 后面要用逗号隔开，如在句中，其前后都要加逗号。 Its raining hard,however,theyre still working in the field. 雨下得很大，然而他们仍然在地里干活。 but“但是”，表示很明显的对比，
6、转折的意味比however要强，从语序上看，but 总是置于引出的分句之首。 Id like to go swimming with you,but I have to tidy the garden now. 我很想和你一起去游泳，但是我现在必须整理花园。 (2) begin to do sth.意为“开始做某事”，同义词组为begin doing sth.。 When can I begin to work? 我什么时候能开始工作呢？ When I got there,the singer had already begun singing. 当我到那儿时，歌手已经开始唱歌了。 (3) d
7、oubt此处用作及物动词，意为“不能肯定，对无把握”。 He doubts the truth of the news. 他怀疑那件新闻的真实性。 I dont doubt that shell come. 她一定来，我不怀疑。 【拓展】doubt用作不及物动词，意为“怀疑”，其后常接of,about。 She doubts about everything. 她对一切都怀疑。 He doubts of his success. 他怀疑他能否成功。 doubt后接宾语从句时，名词从句用if/whether引导，名词从句也可用that引导。I doubt if/whether she will
8、keep her word. 我怀疑她是否会遵守诺言。I dont doubt that we will win. 我们会获胜是没有疑问的。 (4) real形容词，意为“真的，正宗的”，其副词形式为really。 This is a real dog,not a toy. 那是一条真正的狗，不是玩具狗。 辨析：real与truereal强调客观存在，并非想象的或虚构的，即某物外表与实质之间有一致性Christmas Father isnt a real person.圣诞老人不是真实的人物。true强调事实与实际情况相符，并非杜撰、捏造的，符合一定标准、一定模式Is it true that
9、 he is dead? 他死了，是真的吗？1. “Is it made completely of gold?”he wondered. be made of 由制成。 辨析：be made of与 be made frombe made of看得出原材料The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头做成的be made from看不出原材料The wine is made from grain. 这酒是用粮食酿造的。 【中考链接】 Books are made paper while paper is mainly made wood. A. of;of B. fr
10、om;from C. of;from D. from;of4.“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?”thought Archimedes. seem用作连系动词，意为“似乎，好像”，本句中后接形容词作表语，这种用法较 常见，可以和seem to be相互转换。 He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angry. 他好像非常生气。 用作实意动词，可接to do sth He seems to sing. 他似乎在唱歌。5. Archimedes was still thi
11、nking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. fillwith 意为“用把装满”，其被动语态形式为be filled with，相当于 be full of6. so Im certain that its not completely made of gold. certain用作形容词，意为“确定的，肯定的”。 常用结构： be certain+从句 一定Im not certain where he lives. 我不敢肯定他住在哪儿。 be certain to do sth. 肯定要做某事He is certai
12、n to finish the task on time. 他肯定会按时完成任务。 be certain of/about sth. 对确信，有把握Were certain of success. 我们有把握成功。 be certain of doing sth. 有把握做某事He is certain of winning the match. 他确信能赢这场比赛。7. Whats wrong with it? Whats wrong (with sb. /sth)?是用来询问“某人发生了什么事情或某物出了什么 毛病/故障”等最常用的句型之一。其同义句型为：Whats the matte/t
13、rouble with.? Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了（出什么事了）?8. Thats why Im angry. Thats why. 意为“那就是的原因”，why引导的是表语从句，用陈述语序。 表语从句是在句中作表语的从句，常位于连系动词be,look等的后面。 The alarm clock didnt go off. Thats why he was late for school. 闹钟没有响。那就是他上学迟到的原因。9. How did Archimedes discover the truth? 辨析：discover与invent 这两个词都用作及物动
14、词，都指人们首先见到新鲜事物，但含义不同。discover发现指发现或偶然发现原本存在的，但一直未被认识或不为人知的东西Invent发明指创造发明出新的、原来并不存在的东西 Recently they discovered gold. 最近他们发现了黄金。 Edison invented the electric light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。10. However,Helen,a brave woman,wanted to watch her son run. watch sb. do sth 意为“看某人做了某事或经常做某事”，表示看见动作发生、进行 的全过程。其中do为省略
15、to的不定式，作宾语补足语。 I watched her go out of the room just now. 刚才我看到她从房间里出来了。注意：Watch sb. doing sth. 意为“看某人正在做某事”，表示看见动作正在进行。其中doing为现在分词，作宾语补足语。 He stopped to watch us working. 他停下来看我们干活。 【拓展】和watch用法相同的动词（组）还有see, hear, make, feel, notice, look at 等。 Did you hear Jack call you? 你听见杰克叫你了吗？（动作结束） We ofte
16、n hear the girl sing English songs. 助记 我们经常挺大了那个女孩唱英文歌曲。（动作经常发生） I heard the song wind blowing when it was raining heavily. 下大雨的时候我听见狂风呼啸。（动作正在进行）一感、二听、三让、五看、半帮助。 注释：“一感”指的是feel(感觉)；“二听”指的是listen to(听)，hear(听见)；“三让”指的是let, make, have;“五看”指的是watch, see, notice, observe, look (at);“半帮助”是指help。因为既可以说he
17、lp sb. do sth.，也可以说help sb. to do sth.。 11. When you have written something, you should check your work to make sure the spelling, grammar and punctuation are all correct. (1) make sure意为“确保，设法保证”，后可接宾语从句或of短语。 Make sure that they know nothing about our plan. 绝对不能让他们知道我们的计划。 They scored another goal
18、 and make sure of victory. 他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。 (2) correct 此处用作形容词(=right)，意为“正确的”，其副词为correctly(正确地)。 【拓展】correct用作动词，意为“改正；纠正” correct the mistakes 改正错误12. write what kind of mistake it is mistake 用作可数名词，意为“错误”，常用短语：make a mistake /mistakes 犯错； by mistake 错误地 Youve made several grammatical mistakes in
19、 the composition. 你在作文中犯了几处语法错误。 I got on the wrong bus by mistake. 我搭错了公共汽车。 【拓展】mistake还可用作动词，意为“弄错，搞错”。常用短语：mistake for “把误认为” She didnt speak very clearly, so I mistook what she said. 她说话不是很清楚，所以我误解了她的意思。 He is often mistaken for a famous actor. 他常常被误认为是个名演员。13. However, no one could find a scal
20、e large enough. enough此处用作副词，意为“足够地”，修饰形容词或副词时，要放在其后。He runs quickly enough. 他跑得足够快。Its warm enough in the room. 屋子里够暖和了。 enough后常接（for+名词/代词+）to do sth.，意为“足够做某事”。The box is light enough for the boy to carry. 这个箱子足够轻，这个男孩能搬动。 enough作形容词修饰名词时，可放在其前，也可放在其后。 We have enough money.(=We have money enough
21、.) 我们有足够的钱。注意【能力提升】.英汉互译。1.be happy with 2. fillwith 3. send to prison 4. be certain 5. be made of 6. 溢出 7.古希腊 8.解决问题 9.找出真相 10.一顶金皇冠 .英英释义。1. The bottle is filled with oil，so please be careful. A. is fulled with B. is full of C. is fulled with D. is fulled of2. Lucy often fools her younger brother，
22、which makes her parents angry. A. cheats B. beats C. tricks D. Forgives3. It is said that his new book consists of nine chapters. A. is made up of B. is connected to C. is covered with D. is located in4. He always cheats her. I doubt whether he will marry her. A. feel sure B. know C. am not sure D.
23、make no sure5. This problem is too difficult for me to solve. A. write down B. find the correct answer C. understand D. speak.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出单词，完成句子。1. However, he began to d that it was a real golden crown.2. She desires the g ring for herself.3. I am c that its not completely made of gold.4. No on
24、e knew which woman was telling the t .5. Im quite in (同意) with your decision.6. The police sent him to (监狱).7. He is weak in grammar, and often makes m .8. I cant s the problem alone. Can you help me?9. Is this (真的) gold?10. He is a (勇敢的) boy.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。1. She wore a (gold) necklace.2. Have you
25、 done it? Tell me the (true).3. We have (little) rain this year than usual.4. He seems (know) everything.5. Yesterday she (hit) him on the head.6. He was (send) to prison for six years.7. If you can give the (correction) questions, you will get a gift from the host.8. This problem seems difficult (s
26、olve).9. -Dont touch the papers. - (certain), Ill not let the papers be touched.10. Archimedes asked the king for some gold of the same (weigh).单项选择。1. He used to to school late, but now he doesnt. A. go B. going C. went D. goes2. Please the glass milk. A. fill;in B. filling;with C. fills;to D. fill
27、;with3. All the Chinese people must work hard China Dream. A. to realize B. realize C. realizing D. realized4. The teacher asked us football on the street. A. dont play B. not play C. not to play D. to not play5. -Have you read todays newspaper? -No, I havent. Is there in it? A. something important
28、B. anything special C. new anything D. important something6. His teacher isnt happy his explanation. A. to B. in C. from D. with7. Pudong International Airport is one of airports in the world. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest8. Look at the smog (雾霾). bad weather it is! A. How a B. How C. W
29、hat D. What a9. The maths problem is so hard. I really dont know what . A. do B. to do C. doing D. did10. Dont jump to a conclusion! Lets the problem first. A. to discuss B. discussed C. discussing D. discuss.从方框中选择适当的单词填空，补全句子。A. aloud B. between C. sweep D. twice E. Polite F. friendly1. Its not to
30、 make noise in the movie theater.2. The man Mary and Gina is my new English teacher.3. Could you please the floor? Its so dirty.4. Please read the message , so that we can hear you.5. Its a good habit to brush our teeth a day.6. We like our math teacher, because he is very to us. 【句子类型】句子按使用的目的可分为四类
31、：1、陈述句2、疑问句3、祈使句4、感叹句从结构上看句子可分为三种类型：1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句一、句子的种类（Kinds of Sentences）1、陈述句：（1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。（2）否定句：They dont go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法。2、疑问句：（1）一般疑问句：Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。Havent you seen the film? No, I havent. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。
32、说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开始的问句。回答要用yes或no。（2）特殊疑问句：Who is the man? 这人是谁？When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序（或称为疑问词加一般疑问句）（3）选择疑问句：Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是
33、学法语？他学法语。说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。（4）反意疑问句：They are going to the airport, arent they? 他们要去机场，是吗？You havent finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定；前面句子否定，后为肯定。He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？He knows little Russian, does he? 他几乎
34、不懂俄语，是吗？说明：当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。3.祈使句：a肯定句：Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。b否定句：Dont worry. Ill help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。4.感叹句：感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： 掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。 How +形容
35、词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！ How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！ What +名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！ What +a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！ What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！ What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。
36、例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！ What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或句子。二、句子的类型（Types of Sentences）1、简单句的句子的类型：一个主语+一个谓语，例：The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天弹钢琴。两个主语+一个谓语，例：Tom and I are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。一个主语+两个谓语，例：He opened the do
37、or and left. 他打开门出去了。两个主语或两个谓语或更多，例：Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends. 史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友。结构特殊：只含有一个词或一个词组，例：Hello! 喂！ Help! Help! 救命啊！救命！2、简单句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns）句型结构：（1）主语+不及物动词：S + Vi.，例：Birds fly. 鸟飞 They disappeared. 他们消失了。（2）主 + 连
38、系动词 + 表语：S + V + P，例：She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。（3）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语：S + Vt + O，例：He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。We help each other. 我们互相帮助。（4）主 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：S + Vt + O + O，例：I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。（5）主
39、 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补语：S + Vt + O + C，例：They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。I want everything ready by eight oclock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。注：S = Subject（主语）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物动词）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物动词）P=Predicative（表语）O=Object（宾语）C=Complement补语u 重点、难点：否定陈述句要注意下列几点：（1）否定陈述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 构
40、成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意义的副词也可构成否定陈述句。常用的词有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。（2）其他成分的否定形式有些句子的结构上属于肯定式，但含有否定意义的词，可分以下几种。否定的主语：Nobody will agree with you. 没人同意你的意见。None of the students like the novel. 没有学生喜欢这本小说。No student here studies Russian. 这里没有一个学生学俄语。否定的宾语：We saw nothing in the
41、 darkness. 在黑暗中我们什么都看不见。He will borrow the book from nobody. 他从谁那都借不来这本书。You must remember not to be late for class. 你必须记住上课不准迟到。否定的状语：They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是骑车来的而是走着来的。We could find him nowhere. 我们什么地方也找不到他。（3）不定代词all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句时，表示部分否定。All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple t