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1、Prompt 1Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.Technological advances have freed society from tiresome labor, such as washing clothes by hand, hauling heavy loads, and walking long distances, and have given people increased access to information a
2、nd entertainment. Yet, when given a choice, many people still resist using modern conveniences. There must be something to be gained from not using technology.Assignment: Are there benefits to be gained from avoiding the use of modern technology, even when using it would make life easier? Plan and w
3、rite an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.Prompt 2 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment belowFrom talent contest
4、s to the Olympics to the Nobel and Pulitzer prizes, we constantly seek to reward those who are “number one.” This emphasis on recognizing the winner creates the impression that other competitors, despite working hard and well, have lost. In many cases, however, the difference between the winner and
5、thee losers is slight. The wrong person may even be selected as the winner. Awards and prizes merely distract us from valuable qualities possessed by others besides the winners.Assignment: Do people place too much emphasis on winning? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view o
6、n this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.Prompt 3 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.There are those who believe that everything we do is inspired by the desi
7、re for power in its various forms. They maintain that our actions are nothing but expressions of a striving for power. In this view, even when we act kindly toward other people, we are motivated, whether we know it or not, by a desire to have some control over their lives, for our act of kindness pu
8、ts them partially in our power.Adapted from Leszek Kolakowski, “Freedom, Fame, Lying, and Betrayal: Essays on Everyday Life”Assignment: Are peoples actions motivated primarily by a desire for power over other? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support you
9、r position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.Prompt 4Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.Common sense suggests an obvious division between the past and present, between history and current
10、 events. In many cases, however, this boundary is not clear-cut because earlier events are not locked away in the past. Events from history remain alive through peoples memories and through books, films, and other media. For both individuals and groups, incidents from the past continue to influence
11、the present - sometimes positively and sometimes negatively.Assignment: Do incidents from the past continue to influence the present? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, exp
12、erience, or observations.Section 41. As scientists at the Smithsonian have observed, the institutions range of scientific inquiry may be _, but its financial resources are far less _. A. restrictedsubstantial B. unboundedconfined C. admirablelimited D. vastextensive E. diminishingstable 2. As advoca
13、tes of free speech confront those who would regulate entertainment strictly, the debate over shocking content in movies will likely _. A. abate B. concur C. mediate D. conclude E. escalate 3. The authors love of harmonious and pleasing sounds was reflected in the _ phrases of her fiction. A. convolu
14、ted B. perfidious C. bellicose D. euphonious E. sympathetic 4. The respect accorded choreographer Martha Graham by her students and colleagues alike was so great that it amounted to _. A. exasperation B. commiseration C. consternation D. reconciliation E. veneration 5. The speaker announced that her
15、 primary focus would be on broad global concerns rather than on _ issues. A. contemporary B. substantive C. disputatious D. pervasive E. parochialQuestions 6-9 are based on the following passages.Passage 1Kneeling motionless on the ground. I watched as a husky eastern diamondback rattlesnake slid fr
16、om my 5-gallon can into winter home, a dark gopher tortoise burrow. See you soon, I whispered, expecting to5 recapture this and eight other rattlesnakes I had recently caught, marked and released in the open pine forests of northern Florida. When I began my research, I was amazed at the dearth of sc
17、ientific information on eastern diamondbacks. I have subsequently filled in many details of the life history 10 of the species. I have discovered that this creature, long despised by people, is highly evolved, incredibly complex, and surprisingly gentle.Passage 2Rattlesnakes have long held a mingled
18、 dread and fascination for Americans. !n the Eastern part of the15 United States many American Indian tribes venerated them, referring to rattlesnakes as Grandfather and treating them with respect. The Colonists did not follow suit. The belled viper was one of the more sensational finds in the New W
19、orld, and almost everyone agreed that the serpents were20 unspeakably evil, and should be killed on sight. Benjamin Franklin called rattlesnakes Felons. from the Beginning of the World, but several Revolutionary War flags carried rattlers, including the famous Gadsden flag with its Dont Tread on Me
20、warning to Great Britain,6. Compared to Passage 1, Passage 2 is more concerned with(A) advocating change(B) providing historical perspective(C) identifying similarities between cultures(D) pointing out potential dangers(E) judging die accuracy of certain views7.Unlike Passage 2, Passage 1 makes use
21、of(A)personal anecdote(B)direct quotation(C)figurative language(D)explicit comparison(E)historical citation8.In line 22, carried most nearly means(A)supported(B)transmitted(C)extended(D)expressed(E) bore9.Unlike the author of Passage 1, the author of Passage 2 acknowledges that(A) scientists have lo
22、ng studied rattlesnakes (B many people have had a great appreciation for rattlesnakes (C) rattlesnakes are extremely difficult to track and study(D) scientific studies of rattlesnakes are prevalent in the Eastern United Slates (E) Americans fear rattlesnakes more than any other type of snake Questio
23、ns 10-18 are based on the following passage.The following passage, adapted from an article published m 2000, focuses on a prehistoric lake that exists deep beneath the Antarctic ice cap. In 2006, the drilling project mentioned in the passage was resumed.To imagine Lake Vostok, you must first envisio
24、n a great lake in a living landscape, a weeks walk from end to end, too wide to see across from the highest hills on its flanks. Now simplify. Erase the surrounding woods and fields;5 hide the encircling hills. Remove the changing seasons and the replenishing rain. Shut out the sky. Leave only the w
25、aters, the minerals, the muddy depths. Then trap, squeeze, and estrange them from everything that lives and dies. From your creation emerges a simple world that hungers10 for more.To scientists, Lake Vostok, beneath 2.5 miles of solid ice, is unbearably attractive. If it ever had a direct link with
26、the air above it, that connection ended some millions of years ago. Its sediments contain a unique record of15 Antarcticas climate that could revolutionize the science of the frozen continent. There could he prehistoric life in its waters, an indigenous ecosystem surviving with few resourcesno sunli
27、ght, the tiniest of fresh-food inputs and spurring adaptations never seen before. Were20 Lake Vostok open to the rest of the world, its faint records and fragile life-forms would have been overwritten long ago.Vostoks existence was unknown until 30 years ago, when radar and seismographs allowed scie
28、ntists to piece25 together a map. The first hints of water under the ice were detected in the 1970s; much later, in the early 1990s, satellites and data from earlier seismic surveys revealed Lake Vostoks full extent. In 1995, a borehole was drilled from Russias Vostok station quite by chance, long b
29、efore30 anyone suspected something important might be below. The borehole came within 400 feet of entering the lake, but the drillers stopped short of breaking through to the waters beneath.Soon, however, millions of years of isolation may35 come to an end: researchers from several countries have st
30、arted lobbying their governments for a multimillion-dollar, long-term effort to fathom Vostoks depths. If the multinational teams of scientists get their way, the exploration of Lake Vostokperhaps the most ambitious40 and complex scientific undertaking Antarctica has yet seen-could begin in less man
31、 five years. New bases will be built, some temporary, some permanent; new logistical infrastructures will be created to serve them; fleets of aircraft will transport thousands of gallons of fuel oil.45 (It takes a hellish amount of energy to get through 2.5 miles of ice.) Tele-operated and autonomou
32、s deep-diving robots will launch themselves from the boreholes into the great lakes waters, and then sink through the blackness to the silent ooze below. Long-dark Vostok50 will be pried open for inspectiona process that, however carefully undertaken, runs the risk of changing the lake forever and d
33、estroying what has made it unique.Why take that chance? Some believe Vostok should he left alone because exploration might permanently damage55 its pristine ecosystem. But proponents of drilling believe Vostok could provide new insights into young Earths spectacular ecological crises, during which t
34、he whole planet was frozen solid, its oceans reduced to the very brink of lifelessness. And it could illuminate the possibilities of60 life farther offin a vast ocean on Europa, Jupiters fourth-largest moon, 483 million miles from the Sun and, along with Mars, the most likely prospect for evidence o
35、f life beyond Earth. Isolated from light, warmed only from below, starved of nutrients, the life-forms of Vostok could 65 teach scientists how life might persist in Europas frigid climate, where temperatures average minus 250 degrees Fahrenheit. It would certainty show them how to look for it there:
36、 exploring Vostok would be the nearest thing to a space mission without leaving the planet.10. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A)encourage further exploration of Antarctica(B)describe how an Antarctic lake was discovered (C)examine theories about the possibility of life beyond Earth (D)disc
37、uss the significance and the fragility of an Antarctic lake (E)compare life forms on Earth to those on Jupiters moon Europa11. The opening sentence of the passage (lines 1-3) emphasizes Lake Vostoks(A) isolation (B) vastness (C) beauty (D) diversity (E) depth12. In line 9, simple most nearly means(A
38、)nave (B)demure(C)fundamental(D)common(E)unconditional 13.In lines 14-19 (Its sediments. before), the author does which of the following?(A) Speculates about a possibility.(B)Describes an actual place.(C)Cites a known authority.(D)Discusses an important experiment .(EQuestions a new hypothesis.14.Fr
39、om the point of view of those who wish to keep Lake Vostok pristine, the outcome of the incident described in lines 31-33 (The borehole beneath) was(A)foreseeable(B)fortuitous(C)preventable(D)disappointing(E)catastrophic15.In context, the comment in lines 34-35 (Soon.end) serves to(A) challenge a pa
40、st approach(B) shift the focus of the discussion(C)substantiate the previous claim(D)provide a brief aside(E) qualify a complex position16.The author most likely includes the list in lines 41 -49 (New . below) in order to(A) emphasize the enormity of a proposed undertaking(B) highlight the cost of d
41、oing scientific research (C) point out the importance of robots in certain experiments(D)convey the scientists excitement about a new development(E)indicate the difficulty of successfully completing a project17.The authors attitude in lines 49-52 (Long-dark . unique) is best described as one of(A)re
42、straint(B)ambivalence(C)concern(D)bewilderment (E)outrage18.In the final paragraph, the author indicates all of the following EXCEPT:(A)Studying Vostok may provide information about the possibility of life beyond Earth.(B)Exploring Vostok would he a way of learning how to explore certain celestial b
43、odies.(C)Understanding Vostok could help shed light on Earths early planetary development.(D)Vostok may have had more direct exposure to sunlight than was previously thought.(E)Vostok may have some similarities to oceans on distant celestial bodies. Questions 19-24 are based on the following passage
44、s.Passage 1 is adapted from a 1998 essay. Passage 2, adapted from an 1885 novel, is about a self-made businessman named Lapham, who manufactures house paint. In the passage, Lapham is being interviewed by Bartly, a journalist.Passage 1Although I refer to a conifer guide when Im cross-country skiing,
45、 I am still not trustworthy on the difference between a spruce and a fir. But let the smallest piece of commercial-packaging trash appear along the trail and I can5 give you the species, genus, and phylum every time.Much of the litter we bring with us into the wilderness is of the mental variety: pa
46、st a certain point, our minds really cannot grasp places that are completely trash-free. The grape-soda can drawing bees in the middle of a supposedly10 pristine wilderness campsite provokes our outrage and disgust, of course, But underneath those feelings, and less comfortable to admit, is a small
47、amount of recognition and even relief. The soda can is us, after all. In the nineteenth century, when the cult of the Scenic * had just begun, 15 advertisers (especially in New England) took to plastering giant advertising slogans on the scenery itself. Hikers who reached lofty lookout points in the Adirondacks or the Berkshires would see the words VISIT OAK HALL on a rock face in the prospect before them. (Oak Hall was20 a Boston clothing store.) Even more remarkable is how few of them seem to have complained. Passage 2In