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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date高中英语必修二Unit4-知识点讲解及答案嘉兴英语教学网必修二第四单元.词汇短语过关1respond vi.回答，答复；响应，作出反应response n. 回答，回复；反应respond to sb./sth.回答(比 answer, reply to正式)respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用回应某人(事)respond to
2、(疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应response to sb./sth. (对人/物)的回答/回复/反应in response to 作为对的反应即学即练1(1)They still havent _ my letter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。(2)He _ my suggestion _ a laugh/_ laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。(3)His illness didnt _ treatment by drugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。(4)My mother opened the door _ the knock, but there was no one
3、 outside.听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。responded to , responded to , with , by , respond to , in response to2certain adj. 确定的；无疑的；某(种)(1)作“某(种)”讲时，同义于 some.但 some 前不加冠词。for a certain reasonfor some reason 由于某种原因certain professorssome professors 某些教授a certain amount of time 相当一段时间(2)作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，同义于 sure
4、.但是 certain 的主语既可以是人，也可用于It is certain that.句型，而 sure 主语只能是人。“be certain/sure从句”(人)有把握/确信(表示主语的信念)be certain/sure of/about sth. (人)确信(表示主语的信念)be certain/sure to do sth. 必定/肯定会做某事(主语常为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念)“make certain/sure从句”弄清楚/确保make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚for certain/sure 确定地，确切地(做状语)It is
5、certain that. 一定会(不能用 sure)即学即练2(1)There was _ in his manner.他的态度有点冷淡。(2)Are you _ it？你对此有把握吗？(3)He is _ his duty.他肯定会尽职。(4)_ he has wronged me.我确信他冤枉了我。(5)_ their team will win the match.他们队肯定会赢得比赛。a certain coldness , certain about/of , certain to do , Im certain that , Its certain that3contain vt
6、. 包含；容纳(hold)；抑制(control)即学即练3(1)His paper _ no mistakes at all.他的试卷没有一点错误。(2)Orange juice _ things which help keep you healthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。(3)This bottle _ two glasses of beer.这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。(4)He couldnt _ for joy.他不胜欢喜。contained , contains , contains , contain himself4affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭be grea
7、tly/deeply affected很/深受感动be affected by heat/cold中暑/着凉be affected with high fever发高烧即学即练4(1)The amount of rain _ the growth of crops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。(2)One of her lungs _ a little so that she has to rest.她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。(3)The audience _ by his speech.听众被他的演讲深深打动了。affects , is affected , were deeply
8、affected5appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；喜欢appreciation n. 欣赏；感激appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人appreciatedoing sth.感激做某事one/ones doing sth.感激某人做某事I would appreciate it if. 如果，我将不胜感激。即学即练5(1)He highly _.他非常感谢他的帮助。(2)We shall _ you again.我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。(3)I really _ to the party.你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。(4)I would _ y
9、ou could help me.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。appreciated his helpappreciate hearing fromappreciate your comingappreciate it if6succeed v成功success n. U成功；成就 C成功的人或事successful adj. 成功的successfully adv. 成功地succeed in doing sth.have success in doing sth.be successful in doing sth.成功做某事achieve great success 取得巨大的成功sb
10、./sth. is a success 成功的人或事即学即练6(1)We all _ the midterm examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。(2)Failure is the mother of _.失败是成功之母。(3)He was _ as a novelist.他是非常成功的小说家。succeeded in passing , success , a success7harm vt. & n损害；危害harmful adj.有害的be harmful todo harm todo sb. harmdo harm to sb.对有害There is no harm i
11、n doing sth.It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。即学即练7(1)The dog seems fierce, but it wont _ anyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会伤害任何人。(2)Fruit juice can _ childrens teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(3)He may say no, but _ asking.他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。harm , be harmful to , there is no harm in8die out 灭亡，逐渐消失die out 绝种，灭绝；熄
12、灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失die off(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死die away(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息，平息die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱，渐息；(声音)静下来die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等die from 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死即学即练8(1) Scientists said that those plants _ a century ago.科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。(2) Many old customs _.许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。(3)If the snowstorm does no
13、t blow over, the cattle will _.如果暴风雪不停息，牲畜就要死掉了。(4)Open the air hole; the fire is _.把气孔打开，火要熄了。died out , are dying out , die off , dying down(5)Every winter some old people _ hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。(6)Nowadays many people _ cancer.现在有很多人死于癌症。die from , die of9in danger (of.)处于危险之中out of dange
14、r 脱离危险即学即练9(1)The drowned girl was obviously_.很明显，那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。(2)The old house is _ collapse.那所老房子有倒塌的危险。(3)They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _.他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。in immediate danger , in danger of , out of danger拓展：与 in/out of 搭配的短语in order 有秩序in sight 看得见in trouble 在困境中
15、in line 成行(队)in place 适合/当in fashion 时尚out of order出故障(机器等工作不正常)out of sight 看不见out of trouble 摆脱困境out of line 不成一直线out of place 不合适out of fashion 过时10protect.from/against. 保护免受(的伤害)defend.from/against.保卫以抵制keep sb. from doingstop sb. (from) doingprevent sb. (from) doing阻止某人做即学即练10(1)Young plants sh
16、ould be well _ the cold.幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。(2)The hen _ its young _ being attacked by the cat. 母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。(3)Everyone should take up arms to _ our country from invasion.每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。(4)Nothing can _ us _ realizing our dreams.什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。protected from , protected , against , defend , stop
17、 , from提示：(1)protect against 和 protect from 意思相似，有时可互换。但是，对于较大的事情，如：敌人的入侵、天灾等，常用 protect against, 对于较小的事情常用 protect from.(2)在 protect.from/against. 结构中，from和 against 后面常跟 sth.，有时 against 后跟 being done 来强调动作的被动性。(3)主动句中 prevent/stop.from.中的 from 可省略，在被动句中 from不可省略，而 keep.from.中的 from无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省
18、略。11pay attention to 注意Attention, please! 请注意！ (演讲用语)(May I have your attention, please？)attract/catch/draw/get ones attention to 吸引某人的注意fix/focus/concentrate ones attention on 将注意力集中于devote ones attention to 专心致志于call ones attention to 唤起某人对的注意提示：以上短语中的 to、on都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。即学即练11(1)She _ her app
19、earance.她很注重外表。(2)A great deal of attention has been _ protecting the environment.人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。paid much attention to , paid to12come into being 出现；形成；产生bring.into being 使形成；使产生for the time being 暂时；眼下即学即练12(1)We dont know when the universe _.我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。(2)Such a custom _ long ago.这种风俗很久以前就有了。c
20、ame into being , came into being提示：come into being是不及物动词短语，无被动形式，无进行时。类似短语有：come into power 当权come into effect 生效come into action 开始行动come into office 就职come into sight 看得见come into use 开始使用 易 错 点 拨 自我完善误区备考1. contain/include(1)contain 意为“包含，含有，容纳，里面装有”，指的是包含的全部内容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。其宾语与主语常是同位关系，不用于进行时态。
21、(2)include 意为“包含；连在内，计入，算入，包括”，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。常用 “including被包括部分”或“被包括部分included”。如：Many people like tennis, including me/me included. 许多人喜欢网球，也包括我/我也在内。应用1用 contain和 include的适当形式填空。(1)The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It _ a lot of fruit and green ve
22、getables.(2)Everyone took part in the fight against the flood, _ old people.(3)The _ can _ 100 litres of water.includes , including , container , contain2. affect/effect/influence(1)affect 常做及物动词，“影响，感动，感染”。(2)effect 常做名词，“结果，效果，作用，影响”，常用于词组：have an effect on/upon sb. 对有影响，take effect 生效，实行，come/go
23、into effect 开始生效，开始实施。(3)influence 可做动词也可做名词，表示“影响、感染”的意思时，是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响，也可以指好的影响，这种影响常常是潜移默化的。应用2(1)Probably we _ each other.(2)To _ a policy is to have an _ on it.influenced , affect , effect高 效 作 业 自我测评技能备考.单词拼写1This hat will give p_ against the hot sun.2My wallet c_ two hund
24、red yuan and my passport was lost when I was shopping.3Mrs Browns dog b_ the mailman when he was delivering newspapers yesterday afternoon.4Both bees and butterflies belong to i_.5The mother is r_ her baby against mosquitoes.6Youd better _(存留) the money for future need.7Well go _(打猎) tomorrow.8We gr
25、eatly _(感谢，感激) your timely help.9She turned her _(注意力) to new problems.10The dog looks _ (凶恶). Youd better keep away from it. .单项选择1The driver was at _ loss when _ word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.Aa; the B/; / Cthe; the Da; /2It is_that his English is_perfect.Asure; very Bright
26、; rather Cexact; fairly Dcertain; quite3Stop _ this kind of snakes. They are _.Ahunting; dying out Bto hunt; dying outChunting; dying away Dto hunt; dying down4Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea.Aas soon as Bas a result Cin case Dso that5 Are you driving to the air
27、port, sir? Id appreciate _ if you could give me a lift.Athat Byou Cthis Dit6More attention should be _ equipment in our factory so that we can increase our production.Apaid to improving Bpaid to improve Ctaken to improve Dtaken to improving7How many passengers were in the plane?It _ 100, 20 Chinese
28、_.Acontained; includedBcontained; includingCincluded; containedDcontained; containing8The disease failed to_to the new drugs the doctor applied.Arespond Bturn Creply Drefer9Much _ by the story of Cong Fei, I am also determined to be a volunteer worker.Aaffected Bappreciated Cadmired Deffected10There
29、 may be kinds of infectious (传染的) diseases in public places. You should keep your children_to the places where people are crowded.Anot go Bnot to go Cgoing Dfrom going11After a heated discussion at the meeting, a new plan came _ being, which would have a great effect _the cultural life of the people
30、.Ainto; for Bto; to Cfrom; at Dinto; on12Nobody knows exactly how many years it will be _ the Chinese football team enters the final stage of the World Cup.Awhen Bsince Cbefore Duntil13She was knocked _ by a car and now was still _.Adown; in danger Boff; dangerous Cdown; dangerous Doff; in danger14E
31、xcuse me, what time is it now?Sorry, my watch _. It _ at the shop.Aisnt working; is being repairedBdoesnt work; is being repairedCisnt working; is repairedDdoesnt work; is repaired15My car started up at last.You should have it repaired _ its working now.Aas long as Bas though Ceven though Din casepr
32、otection , containing , bit , insects , rubbingreserve , hunting , appreciate , attention , fierce1.答案：D解析：考查冠词。at a loss 迷惘不知所措，且 word 指“消息”时，无冠词。2答案：D解析：考查 It is certain that.句式，quite 是副词“相当”，修饰形容词 perfect.句意为：“他的英语相当好，这是真的。”3答案：A解析：stop doing “停止做某事”，而 stop to do 表示“停下来去做某事”。第二空 die out “灭绝”。4答案：
33、D解析：句意为：“我想早到20分钟，目的是为了我能有时间喝杯茶”。so that 引导目的状语从句。5答案：D解析：语意：先生，你是开车去机场吗？如果你能载我一程，我将非常感激。根据语意可知，it为形式宾语，代替真正的宾语if you could give me a lift.6答案：A解析：考查 pay attention to doing sth.的被动结构。7答案：A解析：contain容纳，包含；include包括。第二空用sb./sth. included或including sb./sth.。8答案：A解析：respond to起反应，回答，响应；turn to转向；reply t
34、o回信，对作出回答，对作出反应；refer to提及9答案：A解析：表示“受到的影响”，且在句中做状语，用 affected.10答案：D解析：keep sb./sth. from doing sth.意思是“阻止(人或物)做某事”，其中介词from不能省11答案：D解析：考查短语 come into being “形成”和 have an effect on “对有影响”。12答案：C解析：考查句型 “it will be一段时间before.”“多久以后，才”。13答案：A解析：knock down 撞倒；knock.off. 把从上撞下来；in danger 处于危险中；dangerous 危险的。14答案：B解析：考查动词的时态和语态。第一空用一般现在时说明实际情况；第二空用现在进行时态的被动形式表示此时的状态15答案：C解析：句意为“即使车还能工作，你也应该把它修一修”。even thougheven if 引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”。-