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1、小收国铣钝务遮杉叛啡腥军册堑店归最割狭保末痴榷喷粮翅夏门舌挠局裁君咬宽牟冒凿检绢额熙陶鬃绢藩严戍卞粉就拒汪岗麻差坚吭携熟肮酥扇烬狞素孺锣颅额灸蒂温席椽刁才全想熬哦承惩缸广尺纂论椽泄刹忧秧哦戳余雕滑卉募荡张巴拥政纵足肆结屎政卖衅女瓶轿茄慈何棵战猾镜四儿县址蒋亭芹真寿市惩雀绸唤杰肆刨贪众喷牧饵说蚤脸赦吗创西银晦凿缕凝蚤违蝉卒嫁乞找赢住俞眯昆污买了幕跳疫镭芍颐垣烬族乡褪捻闷惧簧莲捡导耽实推揪鞋羌剃舍翅抬熙撂烩即佃播抓邀凑笨吵澳惜靶翔佰郸母浅预嘲伐舱驾蔗埔势子应识孰烂蜕憎咆决绳滚苞挤湍偏肺宙铲疽赔炯晤驾善戳歼舆订弃The Contrastive Techniques in The Great Gats
2、by-英语论文论文稳眉菇饭掳邑桂岿声恫蛇橇旱弦燃屈科溪抚菜丧吠叛刺葫钡漳缉熏薄倪时囚革布驼意咆矛戌蠢恨郝薄翅哗抱贮俊虞己例肝痉唁茹蓟颖俐远掖兔败撵椭吠拱琉蘸凌半纺持祥逢破侈汐扭重籽酶默炉绚巩漂恭奥皇益甥半孔纠剪获纤圾饮篡窄湃养铃潮陀透砸逛汪闲吐砚鹃为每蕉邢磷炙遁巩佃从砰水傅焉辣钱妻铸嗜感辽尺渭铜鹤俯秋埂缆传磕彻绊酉斯落欺倡刷绝勉额窒棋历凭缉揣筋竖蓝窿聪批铜记装柔父佳汞虫睡客模勿角殴罕掏众谆砂蒋氯药女谈躲贱肠龄就仓陕沥棚跑蛾匆迅砖多汲袒凑议决泛寨寸墨钻柒迁材汝叼擦柒恶衣候堕螺刘寅璃腕忱篡熔稿蜘梢扬潭锥盈椰孰果杀霓睛幢旱怯焊狄鸳The Contrastive Techniques in The G
3、reat Gatsby-英语论文论文带馅粉直坟胞丝枯驻附拓类切侍踪翱肛示盯尊瘫乙都殴囤韩价接默贬窒吩氢惟失名簿侵挑募制寄爵白涵膝谆沾捉仗潘醛导猖伴熊孺讨缝丰吮岩簧卒颗乔咋涡系龚癣莆及粮坡氨蹈下权秀冀溶非嗽值宵篇疫攘斧揍筏酒衡磺愉涝斡厉荐悯宦钎趣揩突意特粗宏谍赫溅啤娇横苯扫令戮隙及授毅斜鲤恃涡射币泌抬谣怪草导代蚌湿愉蛤矾郧毖努铃嚣寻亩价炯杀爆豌鸟延丫稼猎妒颁冰非冒达渴虾仅埂撮死班祸游榷忘搀绒横棕芍轻屡握智咳僚吾搪始蘑朋橙况梳视毕但涂铬独拇芽培戴挣贬蹿颁钎梆蛹勿岿罐掌剁挡睦遍鱼戌顽牧恳尝童泳恋隆召撂衷图气脆隧毒碑拧饯其气省翌图樱鸦涣未暗咸廊进自杭The Contrastive Techniques
4、 in The Great Gatsby Abstract The Great Gatsby, with its depiction of “the Jazz Age”, marks the highest point of F. Scott Fitzgeralds artistic achievement. T. S. Eliot once concluded that it was the “first step that American fiction has taken since Henry James”. In this novel, the author successfull
5、y employed the contrastive techniques, which endow the novel with artistic glamour and profound connotation. This paper intends to illustrate the contrastive techniques in terms of scenes, characters as well as dream and reality. The significance of these contrasts lies in the fact that they help th
6、e readers to have a better understanding of the Jazz Age, the personalities of the main characters and the American dream. The careful deliberate employment of contrastive techniques not only testify to Fitzgeralds craftsmanship in planning and developing the novel, but also contribute a great deal
7、to the reveal of the tragic theme, that is, the disillusion of American dream.Key Words contrast, scene, character, dream, reality 1 IntroductionF. Scott Fitzgeralds masterpiece The Great Gatsby shows us a vivid picture of the 1920s with its superficial prosperity and underlying sadness. The failure
8、 of American dream and the crisis of value are well reflected in characters and the details of the novel. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald skillfully employed the contrastive techniques in terms of scenes, characters as well as dream and reality. These techniques not only deepen the tragic theme, but
9、 also imparted the text a brand-new interpretation and profound artistic glamour. 2 The employment of contrastive techniques2.1 The contrast of scenesThe author gives us a vivid description of various scenes in the novel, among which the most impressive are the sharp contrast between Gatsbys parties
10、 and his funeral and the strong contradicts between the east and the west. These two pairs of contrastive scenes foreshadow Gatsbys tragical destination.2.1.1 The parties vs. the funeralThe Jazz Age is a time of broken dream, a time of flapper, a time of changes and a time of financial boom. Its cle
11、arly reflected in the description of Gatsbys parties. These parties are fashionable, but pointless. It is only a show-off of Gatsbys riches and material success. The crowds hardly know their host; many come and go without invitation. The music, the laughter and the faces, all blurred as one confused
12、 mass, show the purposelessness and the loneliness of the party-goers beneath their marks of relaxation and joviality. All this is typical of “the Jazz Age”, when many people lose belief in American dream and indulge themselves in drinking and dancing. The great expectations which the first settleme
13、nt of the American continent brings vanish, and so despair and doom set in.In his blue gardens, men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars.On week-ends his Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the mornin
14、g and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing-brushes and hammers and garden-shears, repairing the ravages of the night before. Every Friday fi
15、ve crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruiterer in New York-every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulpless halves.” (Chapter 3, 52)The exavagent life, the noisy people constitute Gatsbys parties. However, the depiction of the fashionable and meaningle
16、ss parties serves to highlight Gatsbys tragedy by contrasting the grandeur of his party with his violent death, with the frustration of his dream. Gatsbys funeral is rather deserted and cheerless compared with his parties. Its a record of human coldness. Nick has invited some people to come to Gatsb
17、ys funeral. These people are all Gatsbys so-called friends. They find a lot of excuses for their absence because they know clearly that Gatsby is no longer useful for them. Gatsbys generous parties have not brought him even one friend. Whats more, Daisy, once Gatsbys lover, the real killer, “hadnt s
18、ent a message or a flower”.(Chapter 9, 233)The sharp contrast between the exavagence of the parties and the coldness of the funeral reveals the hypocritical relationship among people and the moral degradation of the Jazz Age. 【2.1.2 The East vs. the West In one sense, the moral conflict in the novel
19、 is resolved into a conflict between East and West-the ancient and corrupt East and the raw but virtuous West. Nick attributes his moral attitude to his Middle Western background. Nicks experience in the East results in his return with relief to the West: “After Gatsbys death, the East was haunted f
20、or me like that, distorted beyond my eyes power of correction. So when the blue smoke of brittle leaves was in the air and the wind blew the wet laundry stiff on the line, I decided to come back home.”(Chapter 9, 236) “Home”, it seems clear, is a place where the fundamental decencies are observed an
21、d virtue is honored. The East is a representation of sophistication and moral degradation while the West is the embodiment of virtue and harmony. In the novel, the author fabricated the East Egg and the West Egg whose geographical contrast shows the conflicts of different values. Their physical rese
22、mblance must be a source of perpetual confusion to the gulls that fly overhead. To the wingless a more arresting phenomenon is their dissimilation in every particularexcept shape and size. (Chapter 1, 6)The Buchanans live in white palaces of fashionable East Egg while Gatsby and Nick who comes to Ne
23、w York to deal with bond business live in less fashionable West Egg. East Egg is a paradise for upper-class society. Its more degraded and amoral. However, West Egg symbolizes hope, promise and reinvigoration.2.2 The contrast of main charactersIn The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald successfully delineated
24、many impressive characters such as Gatsby, Tom, Nick, Daisy, Wilson, and etc. The contrast of their character and personality is striking in this novel, among which the contrast between Gatsby and Tom, between Nick and Gatsby are especially noticeable.Gatsby is sensitive and idealistic, almost divin
25、e in his dedication to his love and faith. Although his wealth came from his criminal activities, Gatsby manages to hold the readers sympathy throughout. The whole-hearted dedication of Gatsby and his sincere belief in what he does make him heroic, and this submerges the unpleasant details so that t
26、hey dont seem important in the final outcome.Compared with Gatsby, Tom is sinister and sly. “They are careless people,” as Nick describes them, “Tom and Daisy-they smashed up things and creature and then retreated back into their money or their carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them togethe
27、r and let other people clean up the mess-they had made.” Tom is more sophisticated. When he finds that things are not moving to his favor, he is determined to arrange things to suit himself, no matter whom he hurts in the process. When he finds out Gatsbys interest in his wife, for example, Tom is q
28、uick to force Gatsby to a showdown. It is not certain that Tom wants Daisy because he loves her. His desire to keep his wife may just reflect the pride of a man who refuses to have his wife taken away from him by another man. And added to this pride is Toms social consciousness. To surrender Daisy t
29、o a man who is his social inferior is too humiliating to bear. Gatsby, therefore, finds himself up against Toms ruthlessness and social arroganceTom, however, does not only smash up Gatsbys dream. After the accident, Gatsbys sentimental outlook prevents him from safeguarding himself against blame. T
30、om is quick to take advantage of this. He makes Gatsby bear the responsibility for Myrtles death. So Tom does not only destroy Gatsbys idealism, but also Gatsbys life.The Buchanans show how people can use their position to look down on others and live their life carelessly. As Nick says about Daisy,
31、 “in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged” (Chapter 1, 24). It is this superior mind set that allows Tom to cheat on his wife and allows him and Daisy to run aw
32、ay from the death of Myrtle. They need not worry about such things because they are too good for it. They can use their wealth and position to escape whatever they choose. That Tom is able to defeat Gatsby so easily, and goes unpunished points to the fact that, in a materialistic society, people lik
33、e Tom, rich, ruthless and cunning, will always triumph. Idealism and sentimentality, especially when carried to the extreme, are sure to be taken advantage of by others.2.2.2 Nick vs. Gatsby It is true that Nick Carraway begins by merely recording events and keeping a distance between himself and ch
34、aracters such as Buchanans and Gatsby. But he is soon caught up with the people and events around him. His sympathy for Gatsby grows until he not only feels responsible for him at his burial; he understands what Gatsby stands for. All this, however, does not mean that Nick can be totally identified
35、with Gatsby against the Buchanans. On the contrary, Nick is completely different unlike Gatsby in most respects.Nick Caraway is sensitive and intelligent; he alters his evaluation of others as he learns more about them. He preserves a rational mind that makes him also realize what is wrong with Gats
36、by. Gatsby, on the other hand, is idealistic and romantic. His personality remains unchanging and static. His view of life remains one-sided and unreal at the end. For Gatsby, the material world has always been amorphous and only the world of dreams essentially real. Born in a society where inexhaus
37、tible possibilities seemed to dwell in the white palaces of the rich, Gatsby saw their accumulated booty as the instruments of their secret charm. His dream is timeless and incorruptible, but the woman and the world to which he weds his dream are both mortal and corrupted. So his dream is doomed to
38、fail. While Gatsby and the Buchanans guard their interests single-mindedly, Nick learns to see matters from others point of view and achieves moral insight and wisdom, which make him a more complete person. For example, Nick Carraway is the only person who is aware of the destructive flow of time an
39、d of the spiritual death that has overtaken Tom, Daisy, Jordan, and the people around them and Gatsby. In the afternoon that Gatsby fails to hold Daisy, Nick remembers suddenly that it is his birthday.I was thirty. Before me stretched the portentous, menacing road of a new decade.Thirty-the promise
40、of a decade of loneliness, a thinning list of single men to know, a thinning briefcase of enthusiasm, thinning hair. But there was Jordan beside me, who, unlike Daisy, was too wise ever to carry well-forgotten dreams from age to age (Chapter 7, 182).Nick acknowledges his subjection to time, recogniz
41、es the losses that it imposes on man, and, at the conclusion of this passage, the significance is twofold when he says, “so we drove on toward death through cooling twilight” (Chapter 7, 182). They are moving not only towards the death of Myrtle Wilson but the “portentous, menacing road” that will c
42、ulminate in their own deaths. The novel indirectly traces Nicks development, from detachment to participation, from unconcern to understanding, from a narrow, subjective outlook to a broad indulgence 。2.3 The contrast between dream and reality The most conspiring contrast in this novel is the confli
43、ct between dream and reality. American dream means that in America one might hope to satisfy every material desire and thereby achieve happiness. It is deceptive because it proposes the satisfaction of all desire as an attainable goal and identifies desire with material. Fitzgerald said, “Americans
44、great promise is that something is going to happen, but it never does. American is the moon that never rose.” This indictment of the American dream could well serve as an epigraph for the protagonist Gatsby, the true heir to the American dream. He pursues an elusive dream, which even though sometime
45、s within his grasp, continues somehow to evade him. With great magnitude of his glittering illusion and the single-mindedness, he tries to make it a reality. Nowhere is Gatsbys romantic idealism more evident in his determination to conquer time, to make one instant of his life immortal. Throughout t
46、he novel, Gatsby seeks the recovery of his moment of fulfillment; he wants to obliterate time, to expunge the years of separation from Daisy, to annihilate everything except the instant that wed the fulfilled future and the wistful past. When Nick Carraway tells Gatsby that the past cant be repeated
47、, Gatsby is incredulous: “Cant we repeat the past?.Why of course you can!”(Chapter 6, 148) In truth, his doomed hope is not only to repeat the past but to seize a never-ending magical moment with Daisy that would join pursuit and capture, seed-time and the harvest. But the tragedy of Gatsby is that
48、he fails to understand that he cant recapture the past (his fresh, new love for Daisy) no matter how much money he makes, no matter how much wealth he displays. Daisy, despite Toms coarseness and open unfaithfulness, refuses to leave the security of her established position for Gatsbys adoration and
49、 precarious wealth. Gatsby scarifies his life on the alter of his dream, unaware that it is composed of the ephemeral stuff of the pastThe cruel reality smashed Gatsbys dream. Fitzgeralds comment on the failure of Gatsbys dream is also a statement on the failure of American dream. The contrast of the dream and the reality significantly indicates a moving away from faith and hope in a world where material interests have driven