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1、摘 要玛格丽特阿特伍德是加拿大著名的小说家、诗人、文学评论家，也是当今国际文坛声誉卓越之人。她的第十部小说盲刺客，摘取了英语文学的最高奖项布克奖的桂冠。在盲刺客这样一部由女性书写女性、女性作为体验者的小说中，阿特伍德运用嵌套叙事，塑造了一位特别的、复杂的女主人公艾丽丝。女主人公经历了从顺从和无声、觉醒和反抗、到拥有自己的话语权的过程。在父权制社会中成长的艾丽丝在家庭和社会中都处于一种从属地位，从属于父亲、丈夫，没有权利选择自己的生活，她的内心感受长期被忽视，长久以来，做一位好妻子好母亲逐渐内化成艾丽丝心中的自我角色期待，她成为了一名顺从与沉默的附属品。本文从存在主义出发，通过文献综述法，来分析
2、和阐释她的沉默、反抗、与发声。来揭示女性在男权政治霸权的侵害下所产生的负面危害，召唤女性对在男权政治中所扮演的帮凶角色的醒悟，以及对自身价值的重新认识。 关键词：存在主义 沉默 压迫 觉醒 反抗 ABSTRACT Margaret Atwood is a famous Canadian novelist, poet, literary critic, and she is also an international reputation in literature. Her ministry tenth novel The Blind Assassin has got the removal
3、of the top prize laureate of the Booker Prize for English literature. In The Blind Assassin, such a book written by women, women as those who experience the novel, Atwood use nested narrative, created a special, complex heroine Alice. The heroine has gone from obedience and silence, awakening and re
4、sistance, to have their own voice in the process. In patriarchal societies grow Alice in the family and society are in a subordinate position, subordinate to fathers, husbands, have no right to choose their own life, her feelings have long been neglected too long, do a good mother, a good wife Alice
5、 gradually within the hearts of the self into the role of expectations, she became an obedient and silent accessories. In this paper, starting from existentialism, through literature review, analyze and interpret her silence, revolt, and sound. To reveal a negative affect women in patriarchal politi
6、cal hegemony against arising, summon women accomplice in the patriarchal role politics played in the wake, as well as new understanding of their own values. Key words: Existentialism Silence Oppression Waking Resistance 目 录1、引言.12、存在主义理论简介.3 2.1存在主义理论4 2.2存在主义作为个性解放的标准53、爱丽丝的变化与发展.5 3.1爱丽丝的生存状况与性格特征
7、5 3.2艾丽丝的具体抗争表现74、艾丽丝变化与发展的原因.8 4.1直接原因妹妹劳拉的死撼动了艾丽丝骨子里的传统思想8 4.2根本原因男性霸权主义对于女性的迫害与束缚8结束语9致谢10参考文献12CONTENTS1 Introduction12 Brief Introduction of Existentialism Theory32.1 Existenlialism theory32.2 Ecocriticism as the principle of Individual liberation43 The Change and Development of Alice53.1 The l
8、iving conditions of Alice and her personality53.2 Specific performance to protest of Alice74 The Reasons of Her Change and Development.84.1 Direct CauseLauras death shaking her traditional thoughts 84.2 Root Causepersecution and bondage of male hegemony for women.8Conclusion9Acknowledgments.10Refere
9、nces12IV1 Introduction Margaret Atwood is Canadas most talented contemporary poetess and international renowned literary master. She has won several awards and twelve honorary degrees. She was a prolific poet, novelist and literary critic and feminist, social activist. She is the winner of the Booke
10、r Prize and Arthur C. Clarke Award. She specializes in the everyday experience elevated to a metaphysical level. The poem is not only with delicate female emotion, but also full of insight, which has a large influence in Canada and the Anglo-American poetry circles. As her open and full of wisdom po
11、etry, her comments also have an important impact on the development of contemporary Canadian poetry. So far, Margaret Atwood has published 14 poetry, 11 novels, five collections of short stories and three literary criticism.Atwood is a wildly recognized literary figure,especially known for themes of
12、 feminism.Atwood has been breaking away from social conventions since she decided to be a writer.She has always questioned why women should not be able to have a career and an equal relationship with men,In her novels,Atwood always creates women characters that are forced to reconstruct their identi
13、ties in a more self-reliant and courageous way.These female characters seek to establish their relationship to the world and to the individuals around them.Such as Alias Grace,The Handmaids Tale,and The Blind Assassin.The Blind Assassins heroines are two sisters, Alice and Laura, Alice grew up by ma
14、le hegemonic oppression and bondage,and her father asked her to marry with a four-year-old man to save the family business, but her marriage was not happy, she just was an accessories, a doll, only mercy, submissive. This was the fate of the majority of Canadian women and the whole of Western societ
15、y women of that era. Instead, Laura continued to struggle with the fate and finally would rather drive to cliff than refuse to bow to destiny. What she has done was On behalf of the Western women for freedom and liberation of the spirit, but in reality ,under the social system, the result was inevit
16、able to fail and destroy.Western writers say it is like a Russian doll, which means that the story includes another story. Some critics also think the novel as a rolled gorgeous tapestry. In addition, the novels narrative method breaks the traditional model to use a number of post-modernism of expre
17、ssion, such as time and space, person change and so on. Whats more, the novel not only has a great deal of poetry fragments ,but its narrative language is poetic, which give us a sense of beauty and aftertaste. 2 Brief Introduction of Existentialism Theory Existentialism is also known survivalist, w
18、hich is one of the major schools of contemporary Western philosophy. The term was first proposed by the French theistic Marcel. In the 20th century, it spread very widely. French philosopher Jean - Paul Sartre and write Albert Camus are their representatives.2.1 Existentialism theory Early 1960s, ex
19、istentialism became an important representative of humanistic thought.From Sartres existentialist philosophy,we can find the real complete humanism. Existentialism is a philosophy of non-rationalism, which emphasizes individual, independent, and subjective experience. Sartres famous existence preced
20、es essence, which means that in addition to the human soul does not survive unalterable moral or in vitro. Morality and soul are all human creation out of survival. We are not obliged to comply with certain ethical standards or religion, and people have freedom of choice. Existentialism become a hel
21、pful model from the beginning of psychotherapy. In 1930s, Frankel advocates object psychotherapy which is not the meaning of Freudian theory, advocated the unconscious, but to mankind against nature existence. From the existence, analyzing the meaning and value of human existence, helping clients fi
22、nd and play their own unique meaning and value. During treatment, helping clients through the experience of love and suffering to discover the meaning of life to promote the service object more responsibility and reason.2.2 Existentialism as the principle of Individual Liberation Core idea of existe
23、ntialism is personal existence,and the individual has the freedom of choice. Peoples freedom of choice and action manifested in two aspects. Only through action of their choice, people can recognize that freedom, because human nature is the action of their choice to decide. Human is able to create o
24、r self-defined through personal freedom, and personality and society are the result of peoples freedom of choice. Therefore, people must be responsible for their actions, which human freedom does not include the exoneration of freedom. Existentialist thought that freedom of the individual in his fir
25、st performance is lack of freedom because of the constraint of the traditional culture and customs ,Therefore, for people, the most important thing is understanding the importance of choice, and to act according to their own choice and responsibility .Existentialism contains five basic concepts: Fir
26、st, awakening; the second is suffering is part of life; the third is freedom of choice; Fourth necessity of dialogue; five is implementation. To sum up, existentialism concentrates on human and respects for human individuality and freedom.It thinks that man is living in a meaningless universe and hu
27、man existence itself is meaningless, but people can create by themselves on the basis of the existence and live wonderfully. 3 The Change and Development of Alice Alice grew up in a patriarchal social system and suffered the male hegemonic oppression and abuse.Her personality is submissive and mercy
28、. She was just a tool, doll.3.1 The living condition of Alice It has main two parts.The first one is for her father,the another one is for husband.3.1.1 Obedient to her father Brought up in a patriarchal society and traditional doctrine,Alice is an obedient daughter.On one hand,her father provides h
29、er a shelter. Without economic independence and regarded as the estate of men, Alice has to be obedient to the man who is in charge of her life and her family. On the other hand, Alice s mother died when she was still a child. Her father has gradually become the center of her life. Alice can get lif
30、e experience from him and wants to make him proud of her. Thus Alice is an obedient daughter. Her obedience to her marriage which is arranged by her father is a perfect example of her obedience. Alice also is a sacrifice on the altar of her family.She undertakes a lot of responsibilities.To save fam
31、ily factory,her father asked her to marry an old man.Her inner feelings and needs were ignored at that time. Nobody thought that what if her marriage was a mistake. Her happiness was not in her hand,but in her fathers. The only thing she could do was to be obedient to the deal,to accept and make her
32、self believe that her marriage would be happy and forever.3.1.2 Subordinate to her husband Alice is subordinate to her husband Richard Griffen. She is like a beautiful,elegant statue named Mrs.Richard Griffen. Her public image is elegant,perfect and silent. Actually ,Richard is the spokesman of Alic
33、e in their marriage life. As a bride,Alice has no right to decide what kind of wedding house. As a wife, Alice has no right to be what she wants to be. As a sister, she has no right to tell the reporters her sister Lauras situation. The only thing what she can do is to obey her husband. In the mirro
34、r,she finds herself is taking shape-the shape intended foe her, by Richard.She has been gradually become a representation of an upper-class lady.3.2 Alices awakening It mainly manifests three aspects,including love,suspect and resistance.3.2.1 Pursuing for love and freedom Alice marries for business
35、 reasons and remains married for financial reasons. She is not happy. As a young woman,she is always fond of romantic stories,and yearns for a man rescuing her. She is excited with the prospect of a new and comfortable life.So she begins to pursue her true love and freedom. She represses her desire
36、for love until she comes upon Alex one day. As depicted in the second layer, which is considered as a memorial to her love relationship with Alex,Alice tears off her mask as an angel in the house. She has become a woman who is unwillingly to be buried in a loveless marriage,and dare to challenge the
37、 social morality and pursue her own happiness. Once she realize the truth and hopeless of her marriage, she refuses to remain silence.3.2.2 Questioning and resisting male authority In the beginning,the female lover questions his motives:“You want to get at me. You just love the idea of killing off t
38、hose poor girls in their bridal veils. I bet they were blondes”. She dismisses the mans claim of “a firm foundation in history” as “an excuse”. This is the first time the female lover discovers the male narrators intention of drawing an analogy between her and the sacrificial girl. She strongly prot
39、ests against the brutality of such portrayals and against the mans intention to interpret her life in relation to the girls in history. In addition, the female lover challenges the man by questioning his portrayals of demonic women.Alice reveals that Richards speeches are hollow and hypocritical by
40、drawing attention to contrast between what he says and what he means. In the following three passages Alice Richards hypocrisy and sexual abuse of her in marriage through her openly strong her openly strong comment that brings out the true meanings of his words.Richard has hided the news of her fath
41、er s death,even prevented her from attending her father s funeral.She is disappointed and shocked. He is extremely selfish.She feels he lack of sincerity in his apology. This comparison reflect the meaninglessness,flatness of Richards words.With interpreting Richards speech in such a manner,Alice ex
42、poses his cruelty and self-centeredness.In the last,she shows her knowledge and confidence in her own ideas.4 The Reasons of Her Change and Development It has two reasons for Alices change. The first one is that direct cause-Lauras death shakes her traditional thoughts. The second reason is the root
43、 cause-persecution and bondage of male hegemony for women. 4.1 Lauras death shakes her traditional thoughts Firstly, Laura quests for love and dedication that infect with Alice to a certain extent.So she goes through her own inner barriers, and has the courage to pursue her love and gets rid of that
44、 unhappy life. Secondly,Laura was ravaged and crazy by Richard,.She was taken to a mental hospital, but she continues to struggle with the fate. Finally, she drives to fall off a cliff and kill. Not to bow to the fate. What she has done is on behalf of the Western women to fight against the spirit o
45、f freedom and liberation. Thirdly,Alice and Alexs relationship let she be guilty of Laura. She feels grief for her death. Meanwhile,when she knows Richards evil actions ,she abhor him.4.2 Persecution and bondage of male hegemony for women. Brought up in a patriarchal society and traditional doctrine
46、, Alice is an obedient daughter. Alice also is a sacrifice on the altar of her family. She undertakes a lot of responsibilities.To save family factory,her father asked her to marry an old man.Her inner feelings and needs were ignored at that time. Nobody thought that what if her marriage was a mistake. Her happiness was not in her hand,but in her fathers. The only thing she could do was to be obedient to the deal,to accept and make herself believe that her marriage would be happy and fore