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1、ANALYSIS OF THE STATUS OF BILINGUAL EDUCATION双语教育现状的分析 AbstractAs the worlds rapid economic development, international exchanges become more frequent, foreign language - as international exchanges in the most widely used tool, has become our understanding of the world and let the world know Chinas i
2、ndispensable tool. At present, Chinas bilingual teaching refers to the two languages as the medium of instruction in the system, which, in addition, another native language not only as a teaching medium to use some or all of the non-language subjects, but also in the process of teaching, the basic r
3、equirements of students gradually Grasp it, at the same time in teaching the subjects to compare the different cultures learning to be the subject of advanced, the system of knowledge, discipline education to carry out a combination of teaching methods; stressed that the use of foreign languages are
4、 taught in the subject (but Does not exclude the mother tongue), in learning the disciplines of advanced scientific knowledge of the culture at the same time to learn basic foreign language professional, and this is now the quality of bilingual teaching of the provisions.Key words：foreign language；t
5、he medium of instruction；bilingual education摘要 随着世界经济的快速发展，国际交往的日益频繁，外语-作为国际交往中使用最广泛的工具，已成为我们了解世界和让世界了解中国的不可或缺的工具。目前，中国的双语教学是指以两种语言作为教学语言。除此外，另有本土语言作为教学媒介。使用部分或全部的非语文科目，而且在教学过程中，基本要求学生逐步掌握它，在同一时间，在教学科目中比较不同的文化氛围，同时也会受到先进，系统的知识，纪律教育，进行一项相结合的教学方法。强调指出，使用外语授课的主要目的（但不排除母语） ，在学习先进科学知识的文化的同时去学习基本的外语专业知识，这
6、是现在的双语教学的规定。 关键词：外语；教学媒介；双语教育Table of contents1.Introduction12.Bilingual education in the United States32.1 Bilingual education in primary school32.2 Bilingual education in secondary school43.The background of bilingual education in China10 3.1 The bilingual education experience setbacks11 3.2 Pract
7、ice proved this way is good to China12 3.3 Develop Chinese characteristics bilingual teaching path144.Model of Chinese teaching225.Conclusion246.Bibliography257.Acknowledgement261Introduction “Bilingual” direct means: “Two Languages” refers to a particular country or a particular region there are tw
8、o (or more) national co-exist, and there are two or cultural and historical background of the above two conditions, may or may need to use both languages exchanges scene. These two languages, usually there is a mother tone or native.Definition: One language and the other language is often acquired o
9、r acquisition of a second language is the language. Bilingual in the United States mainly refers to the use of proficiency in English and Spanish; in Canada mainly refers to the use of English and French proficiency in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Macao regions mainly refers to the use of English and C
10、hinese proficiency. Bilingual in China mainly refers to the original use of Chinese minority ethnic groups, such as Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur, etc. Chinas first bilingual studies, in fact, primarily concentrated in the minority on the issue of learning Chinese. For example, Chinas Inner Mongolia Aut
11、onomous Region, both Mongolian and Han are useful Mongolian and Chinese language exchanges necessary. Some local education departments in the bilingual education. In many countries or regions, the Government provides the official common language there are two or even more. In such circumstances, in
12、order to facilitate the exchanges, the two languages often both, Bilingual, or a language is a language based on. If the English second, can be said English as a second language, Again, when the Chinese native to the Chinese people to use English as the common language of the Anglo-American countrie
13、s, English very naturally became his second language. As the local lingua franca is English, Chinese only at home or encountered when using Chinese friends, with the passage of time, slowly retreated to the Chinese as a second language, English has become his first language.Bilingual talent is, in f
14、act, able to use both languages skilled communication, work and learn. There is no doubt that we are talking about bilingual refers to both English and Chinese languages.Singapores bilingual education the following features:(1). Singapore English is the dominant language for the non-parallel bilingu
15、al education. Native primary contact time in the 29 per cent below secondary contact with the mother tongue of 19 per cent in the following time. (2). Singapore bilingual education to all, from the Enlightenment classes, pre-university classes until all 13 years(3). English is the industrialization
16、and modernization of the language, learning English refers to practical, the mother tongue is the language of cultural traditions transmission. English practical value never more than mother tongue, the students most of the time exposed to the English environment, utilitarian, practical value and th
17、e pressure of the environment so that students can consciously learn English. The results of the bilingual, led by Western culture is language, but also in the hearts of young people in depth. The introduction of bilingual education is the result of Singapore society Westernization, but rooted in so
18、lid Chinese descent, and the profound feelings of the traditional national culture, and heyt learn their own language.2Bilingual Education in the United States2.1 Bilingual education in primary schoolIn the United States early bilingual education is ESL (English as a second language) education a par
19、t of. Just as: in primary schools, because the United States is not the primary subject teachers, a teacher of a class to teach all subjects, including language, science, mathematics, social, art, music, sports, etc., if a new immigrant students in classes where the teacher is not a bilingual teache
20、rs, bilingual education is responsible for the bilingual teaching assistants to rely on schools or resource teacher. Normally, the Government will provide additional funding to schools in bilingual education to help new immigrants learn English as soon as possible. These funds usually used to hire b
21、ilingual teaching assistants or special bilingual instructors resource teacher. Bilingual teaching assistants, as is usually the role of translation. Teachers in the classroom, such as the above there are several classes of students from China, did not understand English, teaching assistants put it
22、into a group of several students in a class the teacher before or after them with a Chinese speakers, let them know what is the teacher said. Or, as do other students in the classroom, teaching assistants for some of the activities conducted in Chinese, so that they can participate. In addition, the
23、 teaching assistants also served as the basis of English to teach them the task. Some schools more than the number of new immigrant students, the school has its own resource teacher if a small number of students, the campus (at IBE) will send a resource teacher of several schools. Resource teachers
24、in primary schools with students usually good time to discuss the class teacher, decided a few hours a day inside which need help. Teaching is a “Pull Out” (extract from the classroom to teach independent) way. For example, students in his class teacher teaching English, the new immigrant students m
25、ay not have enough with the degree of class.Therefore, the resource teacher put up with these students, teach them basic English. Speaking in his class teacher of social science students, teachers put resources into other immigrant students inside a classroom, they use Chinese to speak to the same c
26、ontent. If the new immigrant students of the class of bilingual teachers is the teachers themselves, things will be much easier to handle that, the teacher can lecture in English at the same time, with a simple explanation to the Chinese students do not know how to listen to English, but also can be
27、 designed for them to do the work or activities .2.2 Bilingual education in secondary schools Students receive bilingual education than the local native American students on more than one established specifically for immigrant students of ESL English class at the same time, if schools have bilingual
28、 teachers, they will be placed into the “bilingual” inside, Although ordinary students with the same courses as electives, but immigrant students in the mathematics, science, social science major subject of these classes, teachers use Chinese to explain the condition good schools, students will have
29、 Chinese textbooks. Is not the main branches of art, music, sports, and other courses, as well as the major subject in English, immigrant students tell ordinary students together with Britain to the school.Because of this the nature of bilingual education as a transitional mainly bilingual teachers
30、are to use English to come to give lectures in Chinese last resort to explain. In the classroom, the use of a lot of instant translation of the methods of instruction”, that is to say an English and immediately put it translated into Chinese, in order to understand students. A disadvantage of this a
31、pproach is: because students will know that sooner or later, Chinese teachers, therefore, simply does not listen to a teacher of English, therefore, unable to progress in English proficiency.Whether primary or secondary school, when immigrant students in the English proficiency of the state examinat
32、ion in English standards reached a certain level, it was classified as fluent English proficiency students is completely the same classes with local students, schools no longer provide them Bilingual services. At present, in the United States there are still some areas of bilingual education is the
33、use of such “transition” model.As more and more schools to provide biligual education, the United States some immigrant students more state education authorities have begun to attach importance to bilingual education under study to standardize the form of a bilingual education. Legislation through t
34、he legislature, the state government education authorities on the purpose of bilingual education, the targets, teaching methods, curriculum, assessment, teacher training and training and so on to carry out a series of legislation. In this period, bilingual education is the beginning of “letting a hu
35、ndred flowers bloom” period, is about the last century to the 1990s 80. In this period, both the immigrants or government funding bilingual education, has reached a peak. Even in the early 1990s, the recession, has licensed bilingual education teachers is still a day of the Concubine, in many more e
36、xperienced teachers are being laid off circumstances, the bilingual teachers. can stay there forever .During this period, “transitional” bilingual education has become the mainstream of education of new immigrants. According to many campus bilingual education research, and began to explore new mode
37、of bilingual education. For example, when the immigrant students were classified as fluent English proficiency students, and still allow them to continue on the Chinese language lessons, and to continue to at least one of the branches of the mother-tongue teaching the curriculum. This bilingual educ
38、ation known as “maintain”, the purpose is to maintain the mother tongue of the students, not the environment in the whole of the British forgotten. Canadas British and French immersion bilingual education experience also inspired the bilingual education, they Simon primary schools in the San Francis
39、co run of the entire United States, a Chinese immersion bilingual education courses, and later in San Francisco, particularly Yuping of the nations first schools offer bilingual Chinese-language immersion schools in the Lincoln High School launched the first nationwide high school Chinese bilingual
40、immersion courses.Since then, the United States entered the bilingual education of a new era. Has been the object of education is not limited to immigrant students, which includes immigrants, was born in the United States, can speak fluent Chinese and English as well as students who were born in the
41、 United States, no Chinese background, or even non-Chinese students. In the “one-way” bilingual education immersion inside, with the participation of students are no Chinese background, they like learning a foreign language, but they are through “immersion method” to study a foreign language: teache
42、rs not only in language classes inside the Chinese, mathematics, science and social subjects also use Chinese to school. Participate in the immersion course, a student from the first grade or even kindergarten, 90 percent of the daily lessons on the use of Chinese, 10% of the class in English.Along
43、with the growth of year, the Chinese gradually reduce the class in English on the gradual increase in class, so that students of Chinese and English can be synchronized progress. To the junior and senior high school students on a daily basis in addition to Chinese language courses and a fully with t
44、he Chinese in the curriculum (math, science or social), all of the other courses are in English on the. In the “two-way” bilingual education immersion inside with the “one-way” different, the students take the courses is not only in the mother tongue is English students, but also the mother tongue i
45、s Chinese immigrant students, their classes there in the same class, and help each other , in two languages than the progress of the above “one-way” must be quick. In teaching, immersion education teachers used in the study found that the most effective bilingual teaching methods, including class ti
46、me only one language, through the assistance of a group, and cultural study, research, study, international exchanges, the use of the facts. Authentic materials, and so on, have greatly helped the students to master both languages. Early beneficiaries of bilingual education, those immigrant students
47、, many people have embarked on the education posts, as a new generation of bilingual teachers, joined into this period of bilingual education in the past.When the bilingual education in the United States began to flourish when the state from the beginning of the 1970s since the anti-traditional educ
48、ation reform began to reflect. In the large commercial organizations and voters request, the state education authorities started to attach importance to students the basic knowledge, began requiring students must reach a certain level of academic performance. The attendant is a unified state curricu
49、lum standards, examination and so on. Because the United States bilingual education is still the mainstream transition inside, did not learn the mother tongue, English is not master, the first when one is attacked. In the last century, since the late 1990s, to take the lead in California, several state voters voted to amend state education law, the abolition of bilingual education, bilingual education and growing the United Stat