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1、泰山医学院毕业设计（论文）An Analysis of Domestication and Foreignization in Chinese-English Translation院（部）系外国语学院所 学 专 业英语本科年级、班级2009级3班完成人姓名 指导教师姓名专业技术职务 2013年6月12日An Analysis of Domestication and Foreignization in Chinese-English TranslationByYang DengpengSupervisor: Wu QingyuSubmitted to the School of Foreig
2、n LanguagesIn Partial Fulfillment of Requirements forThe Degree of Bachelor of ArtsTaishan Medical UniversityTaian, ChinaJune, 2013 泰山医学院本科毕业设计（论文）AbstractGuo Moruo once said translation is such a creative work that a good translation can be equal to, may even exceed, the original creation. It is ne
3、ver a mediocre job, and can sometimes more difficult than creation. In writing, one shall be rich experienced; while, in translating, one has to taste the life the author experienced.In contemporary world, inter-translation between two different languages is playing a more and more crucial role in d
4、omestic & international communication with the development of economy and society. Translation theories, both in the western countries and in China, have been acting an indelible effect during the long-term academic exchanges. However, people have insufficient knowledge to translation or translation
5、 theory in the current. The viewpoint on domestication and foreignization put forward by Venuti in The Translators Invisibility: A History of Translation has made huge contributions to the understanding of translation. However, the translated work of the same one is various to diverse translators, j
6、ust like the words goes: there are a thousand Hamlets in thousand peoples eyes. Among the sundry versions, we would always discover the fine distinction through careful and considerable reading. Domestication and foreignization are two distinct translation strategies. This paper presents the relatio
7、n of supplementing each other, and emphasizes on the description of the distinct embodiment of the two different theories in inter-translation of Chinese and English, to discuss the similarities and differences and influences in order to further improve translation undertakings.Key words: domesticat
8、ion; foreignization; similarities and differences; influences; embodiment摘要郭沫若先生曾说：翻译是一种创造性工作，好的翻译等于创作，甚至还可能超过创作。这不是一件平庸的工作，有时候翻译比创作还要困难。创作要有生活体验，翻译却要体验别人体验的生活。在当代，随着经济与社会的发展，跨语言间的互译在国内及国际交往中发挥着越来越重要的作用。中西方的翻译理论在长期的学术交流中发挥着不可磨灭的作用。然而当前人们对于翻译或者相关的翻译理论认识却不足。韦努蒂先生在译者的隐身一文中提出了归化和异化的观点，使人们对翻译的认识有了一个很大的进步
9、。然而对同一作品各个译家翻译也不同，正如那句话说的：一千个人眼里有一千个哈姆雷特。在各种版本的译文中，细心研读我们总可以发现细微不同。归化和异化是处理语言风格与文化差异的两种不同的翻译策略，本文用实例展示了两者在翻译过程中相辅相成、并用互补与共存的辩证统一的关系，着重从两种不同的翻译方法在中英双语互译时的不同体现描述，探讨异同以促进翻译事业的进步。关键词：异化； 归化；异同；影响；体现ContentsChapter 1 Introduction1Chapter 2 Debate on Domestication and Foreignization32.1 Definition of Dome
10、stication and Foreignization32.2 Debate on Domestication and Foreignization4Chapter 3 Relations between Domestication and Foreignization and the Influences63.1 Relations63.2 Influences6Chapter 4 Analysis of Domestication and Foreignization Based on Some Masterpieces84.1 Chinese English84.1.1 A Dream
11、 of Red Mansions84.1.2 A Tale of Peach Blossom Spring94.1.3 East Gate104.2 English Chinese114.2.1 Hamlet114.2.2 Of Study12Chapter 5 Conclusion13Notes14Bibliography15Acknowledgements16Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 IntroductionThe communication among the countries has become much more important than
12、 ever along with the economic development of the globe. Translation, especially between cross- language translation, has been playing a crucial role in promoting the cooperation and cultural exchange as a way to communication. The relation of domestication and foreignization, as a strategy and means
13、, once puzzled many translators. It has been discussed in articles issued on the domestic and foreign language journals or magazines, those articles are dedicated into the discussion that the two strategies shall be applied into the translation and the practice. Some of them operate from a strategic
14、ally advantageous position, making a summary from the respect of literal translation and free translation, no matter in what respect they have made great contribution to broaden the study of domestication and foreignization.And yet, there still exist some misunderstandings in the discussion among tr
15、anslators. Schleiermacher believes that translation can be divided into two methods: one is leave the author in peace, as much as possible, and move the reader toward the author; another is leave the reader in peace, as much as possible, move the author toward the reader. In China, the principle fai
16、thfulness, expressiveness and elegance - proposed by Yan Fu has a great influence on Chinese translators. While in 1987, Liu Kaiying published the article Domestication Translators Astray in Modern Foreign Language, pointing that domestication is an astray when translating, thus he energetically adv
17、ocated the foreignizing translation. On the contrary, Cai Ping held different idea that domestication should mainly be the strategy to translation, believing that the purpose of translation is communication in order to make the readers understand the original meaning, thus domesticating translation
18、can be determined by the essence and purpose of the translation.Besides, some hold the idea that domestication and foreignization are equal to literal translation and free translation, wrongly realized that the relations of literature strategy & cultural ideology and language strategy & translation
19、skill, which may impede the research of domestication and foreignization.The paper can be divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction which presents the background and the purpose of the study. In the second part, some relevant issues on the definition of translation, domestication a
20、nd foreignization are discussed. In the third part, the relations between domestication and foreignization and their influences on translation undertakings are represented. In the fourth part, domestication and foreignization are exemplified based on some classic masterpieces. The last part is the c
21、onclusion. 16Chapter 2 Debate on Domestication and ForeignizationChapter 2 Debate on Domestication and ForeignizationThe western translation theory has been much developed and varied since the beginning of Cicero and Horatius, meanwhile, the translation theory of China can be traced back to Zhou dyn
22、asty, and it has been more than 2000 years since the appearance of the first translation of the poem The Song of Yue People. However, the definition is various in different ages and among distinct schools, thus a question can never be ignored and avoided is what translation is.It is defined in such
23、a way in Cihai (a dictionary on Chinese language): Translation is that convey a word or language by using the meaning of another one.In Concise Oxford English Dictionary, translation is defined: a. the act of an instance of translating. b. a written or spoken expression of the meaning of a word, spe
24、ech, book, etc. in another language.Eugene Nida believes: Translation is to use the most appropriate, natural and equivalent language to reproduce the source language message from the semantic to the stylistic. Susan Bassnet holds the opinion that translation is of course a rewriting of an original
25、text. In China, the widely accepted translation theory is the one proposed by Mr. Yan Fufaithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. While in western countries, Lawrence Venuti made great contribution to make people better understand the work of translation by putting forwarddomestication and foreigni
26、ztion.2.1 Definition of Domestication and ForeignizationLawrence Venuti, a famous American translator, was the first person to introduce domestication and foreignization in his book - The Translators Invisibility: A History of Translation. He said that foreignization is an approach that the translat
27、or leaves the author in peace as much as possible, and moves the reader towards him; while domestication is one that the translator leaves the reader in peace as much as possible, and moves the author towards him1 in the book. By developing these two terms, Venuti meant to argue against the tendency
28、 of the transparent translation and invisibility of the translator. Thus, it can be concluded that domestication refers to the target-culture-oriented translation in which unusual expressions to the target culture are exploited and turned into some familiar ones so as to make the translated text int
29、elligible and easy for the target readers, while foreignization is a source-culture-oriented translation which strives to preserve the foreign flavor as much as possible in order to transfer the source language and culture into the target one.2.2 Debate on Domestication and ForeignizationThe debate
30、on foreignization or domestication can be viewed as the extension of the debate on literal translation and free translation. A literal translation is a translation that follows closely not only the content but also the form of the source language. It is also known as word-for-word translation, and t
31、ranslators engaged in literalism have been willing to sacrifice the formal elements of the target language and even the intelligibility of the target language text for the sake of preserving what they regard as the integrity of the source text. While those who favor free translation have quite often
32、 chosen to sacrifice the form of the source language for the sake of elegance and intelligibility in the target language. The two pairs of strategies share some similarities. literal translation and foreignization put emphasis on the linguistic and stylistic features of the source text, and the targ
33、et text translated in these ways may not be very smooth in language and the content may not be familiar to the target readers, so they may feel foreign when reading the translation, while free translation and domestication pay more attention to the target audience, because of the smooth sentences, t
34、he familiar expressions and cultural phenomena, sometimes the target readers may not realize that they are actually reading a translated text from another culture. However, this does not mean the two pairs are just one. There are some differences between them. When a translator resorts to either lit
35、eral translating method or free translating method, he puts his attention mainly to the linguistic factors of the source text and tries his utmost to keep the original meaning in the target text. But with the development of the translation studies, plenty of translators and theorists have realized t
36、hat translation is a far more complicated activity with various cultural, poetic, political as well as economic factors related to it. Therefore, foreignization and domestication are a pair of new translation strategies which are more complex and extensive than literal translation and free translati
37、on method. Domestication and foreignization, on a certain degree, are complementary to each other and a dialectical unity. Some scholars bear the idea in heart that we can not use them both together for they being diverse. If one strategy is used in the beginning, one must finish it with the method
38、he adopts. But we may be unable to work it out so pure in the daily and pragmatic translation. To achieve a good work, on one hand, we shall faithfully reproduce the original thoughts and styles which may be involved with something exotic and unique in the source language; on the other hand, we shal
39、l take the readers opinion and the fluency of the work into consideration. So it is quite hard, unwise and unrealistic only to adopt one method in some way. All the work we do is to translate good work no matter which approach we use.Chapter 3 Relations between Domestication and Foreignization and t
40、he InfluencesChapter 3 Relations between Domestication and Foreignization and the Influences3.1 RelationsSome scholars consider that domestication and foreignization can not be mixed to use in one work, one must be held on straight to the end if you have to choose one. However, we can never absolute
41、ly guarantee the pureness in the actual translations. On one side, we shall faithfully keep the original style and idea which have strong exoticism in the original works, hence foreignizing translation may be inevitable; on the other hand, we shall take the expressiveness, elegance and the target cu
42、lture, religion, politics, etc. into the consideration, thus domesticating translation can also be necessarily adopted. It is unwise and unreal to choose one strategy without absorbing the advantages of another one, because they both have the merits and demerits.Meanwhile, we are faced with the choi
43、ce from the beginning to the end, what we need to do is to seek for a point where target language we translated shall approach to the reader, but simultaneously the translation shall be faithful to the original work. And yet, the point is not the unalterable midpoint, we shall always bear the princi
44、ple into mind that we can never deviate too much no matter what strategy we have chosen. The fluency and the elegance should not be omitted from when foreignization method is adopted; while the exotic style should not be excluded when the domestication method is taken. Thus the best way to create a
45、good translation version is to draw the strong points from one of the two strategy to offset another ones weakness. In the actual translation, we shall pay additional attention to the complementary and dialectical relations.3.2 InfluencesTranslation is not only a linguistic activity, but also a proc
46、ess of thinking. Due to the different culture, nation and the unique thinking or language, domestication and foreignization as the two diverse strategies and methods will play a guiding role in translation. From a technical perspective, foreignizing translation will be conductive to the national cul
47、ture construction. It can enrich the local culture and language by absorbing the new expressions. Translation can overcome the inherent specifications, which can refigure a new culture when the introduced concept has integrated into the local one in a certain time. The words - natural selection and
48、survival of the fittest translated by Mr. Yan Fu has shown a clear way to Chinese people since the end of Qing dynasty when the advanced people spread the new ideas and trends of the western to China, and the translation undertakings of China has ushered a summit since then.Besides, foreignization will be conductive to spread Chinese culture and carry on & promote the classic culture. For example, Ezra Pound, one of the representatives, interpreted Chinese poem with foreignizing translation, which made Chinese classic cultur