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1、 完形填空专项一、 复习思路1. 梳理完形填空的技巧方法2. 扩充词汇运用二、复习要点完型填空题的特点完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以议论文为主，说明文为辅。题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。完型填空解题步骤1 -通览-速度全文，把握大意 快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。 2 -试填-紧扣文意，瞻前顾后 先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，
2、注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。3 -复核-全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确试填后，要把全文再通读一遍 ，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应完型填空高频词汇动词convince; guarantee; ensure; transfer; exist; strike; claim; demonstrate; charge; assemble; reveal; skip; vary; monitor; assess; isolate; classify; distract; embarrass; stretch;
3、believe; make; consume; dip; shut; replace, reduce, increase, destroy; expand; narrow; strengthen; weaken; protect; punish; warn; contribute; devote; decorate; drain; maintain; preserve; exhaust; exploit; impose; inspire; pioneer; overcome; resist; shift; switch; plunge; account for; postpone; acces
4、s; remind; inform; amuse; assume; obtain; distribute; anticipate(预期); cultivate; recognize; discomfort; threaten; demand; indicate.名词instinct; ingredient; evidence; miracle; tendency; exposure; principle; efficiency; contribution; contact; infection; opposition; pronunciation; transformation; princi
5、ple; standards; measure; solution; crisis; innovation; material; resource; improvement; appearance; stability; smoke; cost; bargain; miracle; existence; trend; delivery; mood; spirit; appetite; stomach; strength; muscle; purpose; concept; means; access; variety; alternative; combination; achievement
6、; option; interaction; affirmation; expectation; communication; ecotourism, background, prevention形容词considerate; aggressive; qualified; reluctant; delicate; positive; negative; ignorant; informative; casual; curious; incurable; demanding; reasonable; social; psychological; evident; vital; constant;
7、 terrible; wasteful; wonderful; useful; fashionable; beautiful; historic; worthless; ordinary; meaningless; sensitive; agreeable; graceful; financial; appropriate; defensive; fateful（重大的，决定性的）; fruitful（富有成效的，多产的）; sensitive; multiple; resistant; accessible; critical; reasonable; inevitable; essenti
8、al; dramatic; fulfilling（令人满意的，能实现个人抱负的）; efficient; ideal; employable; available; respectful（恭敬的，有礼貌的）; negative; frequent; unskilled; compulsory副词agreeably; slightly; accidentally; occasionally; physically; psychologically; thoroughly; vaguely; orally; repeatedly; dramatically; subconsciously; car
9、elessly, regularly; while; recently ;nearly; rarely; mostly; least; oppositely; unfortunately; frankly; In addition,In short; otherwise; eventually necessarily flexibly; naturally; actually, nevertheless, fortunately, definitely, narrowly, widely, practically完型填空解题技巧解题思路一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。首句通常是文章的主题句，通
10、常不设空，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句,对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running
11、 after them. Life for ancient peoples earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. OtherwiseResearch has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heat
12、ed debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language解题思路二：顺应文意,定位选词。做题时,要充分利用上下文,找到有提示作用的词。这些词可以是同义词、近义词或反义词,也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the 51
13、one. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.51.A. positiveB. oppositeC. sameD. wrongMore than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and _52_ could pro
14、vide information for later generations. 52. A. booksB. historyC. ruinsD. scienceThe continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it _51_ our kids.51. A. exhausts B. depresses C. terrifies D. exploits解题思路三：注意固定
15、搭配，常用句型。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 The department for Education and Skills wants to 60 teaching of modem foreign languages (MFT) at an earlier stage in the future. Primary school children will get greater 61 to foreign language learning. 60. A. permit B. encourage C. demand D. o
16、ffer61. A. admission B. access C. chance D. approach 解析：教育与技术部门将来打算在教育更早阶段提供外语教学，所以60选D。61题考查固定搭配access to的用法，学生需要总结相关access的搭配，have access to 或者offer access to，to是介词。That also explains why schools and companies organize challenging trips and physical activities to _62_ team spirit.62.A. build upB.
17、put down C. take overD. make outA _60_ of people now believe incorrectly that global warming is not even caused by humans.60. A. mixture B. majority C. quantity D. crowd解题思路四：注意同形词的辨析。Digital fingerprinting, fluctuations（波动）in the dollar exchange rate, and a mass of online information are some of th
18、e ways making travel to the United Nations in 2010 a different_51_ for international visitors than it was earlier in the 21st century. 51. A.experiment B. examination C. experience D. excursion A traveler from a country_60_ in the VWP must obtain an Electronic System for Travel Authorization(ESTA),
19、an online travel authorization, established by DHS. ESTA determines, before the traveler boards a flight, whether the traveler is_61_to travel to the United States under the VWP and whether such travel poses any law implementation or security risks.60.A.persevering B. previewing C. participating D.
20、promoting 61.A.accessible B. acceptable C. available D. adaptable解题思路五：根据生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. Theyre too _63_ making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would _64_ them. 63. A.
21、 confident inB. comfortable withC. keen onD. afraid of64. A. amuseB. informC. remindD. embarrass解题思路六:利用原词复现或同现,选择最佳选项。1. 在完形填空中,某一词语通常重复出现,使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯,从而构成一个完整的意义整体。First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to _ six windows.A.rub B.drop C.break D.clean2. 同现指意义上相互联系的单
22、词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。 1）名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如： school-primary schoolmiddle schoolcollegeuniversity studentspupilsgraduatespostgraduates 2）动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如： schoolteachlearnattendfounddrop outgraduatebe dismissed 3） 形容词同现; 就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如： 在学校这个语境中：（key）sc
23、hool（optional）course（compulsory）course 4）结构同现: 结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如：some,others; on one hand,on the other hand; former,latter; sothat; not onlybut also; hardly/scarcelywhen; no soonerthan; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way when; Iput
24、myheadin,expectingtheworst.Buttomysurprise,theroomwasntemptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintingsonthewall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew_,dressedneatly.A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion The 60 Knows.Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction.60. A. Nose
25、 B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand解题思路七：仔细分析长难句。找出句子主干，主从句，定语状语等。In todays American society, high school dropout has day by day grown into a big problem threatening social and economic stability, as many cases of family _51_ or even tragedies, caused by youth dropout are grabbing headlines in media. 51.A. obj
26、ectionsB. conflictsC. establishmentsD. happiness答案： B。 长难句分析， 第一层是as 引导的原因状语从句，主句是school dropout has grown into a big problem. 后面紧跟 动名词做定语。 As 从句中 caused 过去分词作后置定语。在进行句子分析时，一定注意把定语等找出来。In many countries, the language of education is not the same as the language of the home for 53 the majority of chi
27、ldren . Furthermore, in many countries, young language learners comprise the most rapidly growing segment of the elementary (primary) school population. 54 While in some schools there is no extra support to help young language learners acquire the language of instruction, in most countries where the
28、re are large numbers of young learners, there is a _55_ awareness of their special needs.55. A. reducing B. watching C. growing D. slipping解析： 55题根据前文可以推断出选C. growing 表示提高的意识。可以对这个长句子进行长难句分析：首先是while 引导的让步状语从句。 在while 从句中运用了help sb do sth 的结构。 在主句中，where 引导的定语从句，先行词是countries. 解题思路八：仔细推敲, 注重逻辑。 做完完形
29、填空题后,要根据所选答案迅速地把文章完整地读一遍, 看语法、惯用法对不对;看是否符合上下文的逻辑; 看是否符合故事情节的发展,以便更正可能的错误选择。一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词：1. 递进 in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, whats more, whats worse, to make matters worse, to make
30、things worse , worse still 2.比较 in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.对照 in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while 4.因果 because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus 5.强调
31、certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially，in particular, absolutely6.让步 although, though, after all, in spite of 7.举例 for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8. 时间和空间 afterward, after,
32、first, later, then, soon, finally, at last outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 9. 总结 to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary 表示转折关系： 例1： (浦东新区2014年二模)a survey of 99 green buildings in America foun
33、d that on average, they use 30% less energy than conventional buildings. . The traditional approach of trying to minimize construction costs, _58_, can lead to higher energy bills and wasted materials. 58. A. in return B. for instance C. by contrast D. in general 答案解析：绿色建筑比传统建筑少用30%的能源，与之形成对比的是，传统建筑
34、会导致更高的能源成本及材料的浪费。所以选C，与上文形成转折对比。例2：(普陀区2014年二模)The following numbers would be 55 for most of us to remember. 1492178919931848. But look at them in “ chunks”, and it becomes much easier. 1492 1789 1993 1848.55. A. convenientB. impossibleC. meaningfulD. technical答案解析：两句之间的But表明是转折关系，下文出现了“it becomes m
35、uch easier”，所以此空要填的词与easier形成对比，即选B，impossible。表示因果关系：例1：(浦东新区2014年二模) _51_ its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a conventional office building.51. A. In place of B. Thanks to C. In spite of D. In addition to答案解析：句意是“由于艺术性的设计及奇特的技术，环保建筑大楼比
36、传统的办公大楼少消耗50%的能源”，所以此空可得出答案为B。例2：(浦东新区2014年二模) a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than conventional buildings. So any additional building costs can be _57_ quickly.57. A. recovered B. gained C. counted D. valued 答案解析：句意是“绿色建筑比传统建筑少用30%能源，所以增加的建筑
37、成本可以很快回收。”提示词So,表明上下文为因果关系，所以选A.表示并列关系：例1：(浦东新区2014年二模) improve employees health and productivity, reduce legal liability, and _56_ property values and rental returns. 56. A. involve B. enhance C. share D. show答案解析：句意是“绿色环保建筑能够改善员工的健康及生产力，并且增加建筑的价值及租金回报”，根据and可看出此空是与前面的improve构成并列。四个选项中 ，只有B表示“增强或提高
38、”，所以答案为B。表示条件关系：例1：(普陀区2014年二模)Life would be so much easier if we could remember things 51 .51. A. effortlesslyB. purposefullyC. exactlyD. carelessly答案解析：句意是“生活将变的更容易，如果记忆不费力气。”所以选A。表示解说关系：例1：(普陀区2014年二模)there is nothing 61 about these methods- they were around even in ancient times.61. A. effective
39、B. awfulC. valuableD. new答案解析：句意是“这些方法没有什么新颖之处-他们在古代就已经有了。”句中的破折号表示解释说明，所以选D。 例题及练习Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted custom
40、ers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business 52 that the customer remains a customer
41、. 53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the
42、fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found t
43、hat a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Dominos Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visi
44、t and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies marketing effort is focused on gettin
45、g customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service t
46、han new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. over