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1、专业外文及翻译THE RESEARCHS OFAMT SHIFTING SCHEDULESVehicular Automatic Transmission can be divided into three types: Automatic Transmission (AT), Automated Mechanical Transmission (AMT) and Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). AMT has become a kind of transmission that is full of potentiality, due to
2、 its high transfer efficiency, low cost and easiness to manufacture.The research on AMT shifting performance is key technology in the developing. Shifting performance directly influence the market competition and industrialization of AMT.AMT has good market expectation, but during the shifting proce
3、dure, the power must be cut off which causes the poor shifting performance than AT and CVT. Only through improving the shifting performance can the commercial competence be established. So the virtual important thing is to find the way to improve shifting performance.The development of AMT can be di
4、vided into three phases: semi-automatic, automatic and intelligent. The two major part of AMT are: the hardware including the mastered object, executor, sensors and TCU; and the software performing the control strategy.The performance of AT shift influences greatly the performance of the vehicle. So
5、 the research on at shift quality is an important problem in the domain of AT researching. Shift quality control of AT is accomplished by electronic and hydraulic system. To shift smoothly, according the real time throttle valve opening and vehicle speed signal, the controller sends electronic signa
6、ls to control oil pressure changing curve of the applying elements. this paper analyzes and research detailed shift quality control system，the analyzing model of shifting process and pressure changing curve of the applying elementsFirstly this paper summarizes the existing evaluated quota of shift q
7、uality, and fully analyzes and introduces the existing control manner of AT shift quality.To meet the needs of research of vehicle starting and the real time control of shift, this paper puts forward a simplified model of engine-torque and a dynamics model of AT shifting process. Through the applyin
8、g of the established model, this paper fully analyzes the process of the AT shifting.This paper drafts the proper oil pressure changing curve of the applying elements which can improve the AT shift quality, and gives the material calculated methods of the AG4 AT. This paper simulates the AG4 ATs shi
9、fting process of 2H to 3H.The results of the simulation validate the established simplified models and the expected oil pressure changing curve.This paper fully analyzes the mechanism of the pressure regulating and flow controlling system of the AG4 AT, and preparatory discusses the design of the bl
10、ock-diagram of the shift quality control. This paper test the control system and hydraulic system of the AG4 AT by the AT hydraulic-electronic testing-bed. The result of the test validates the correction of these analyses.Automated Mechanical Transmission, as so called AMT, is a new-style transmissi
11、on system. AMT technology applies the automatic technology to the manual mechanical transmission and makes the selection-gear, shift, clutch and throttle implement automatically. AMT technology is suitable for the situation of our country, and has an expansive market and development foreground. Shif
12、t schedules decide the time to shift and are the soul of the AMT. When the AMT is working, by comparing the states of the vehicle with the optimal shift schedules, the AMT decides the optimal shift time and achieves the shift automatically. This will lessen the tiredness of the driver and improve th
13、e safety. At the same time, the power and fuel-economy of the vehicle can also be improved. The author chooses the shift schedule as the key technology problem to be researched and the main study aim of this thesis is to get the optimal shift schedules for the AMT and so improve the power and fuel-e
14、conomy of the vehicle. Through analyzing the influence factors of power and fuel-economy for the automobile, the author get the establishment methods for the optimal-power shift schedule and optimal fuel-economy shift schedule. In order to solve the influence of mass on the shift schedule, the autho
15、r presents a variable-structure-controlled shift system. This enriches the theory of shift schedules. Because the computer simulation can save a lot of manpower and material resources comparing with the true-car test, so in this thesis, the author uses the simulation toolbox MATLAB/Simulate to setup
16、 the simulation model for shift schedules. Using this model, the optimal-power shift schedule and optimal fuel-economy shift schedule above are simulated and proved to be reasonable.Shifting performance is defined as the extent of swiftness and softness during the procedure of non-power shifting and
17、 to extend the life of the power train. The index is comfort of passenger, time duration and shock, nine factors maybe influence the shifting performance, and two experimental methods can be used to investigate the nature of this performance: one is collecting real-time data during road experiment a
18、nd analyzing them, the other is the simulation of the operation conditions of the vehicle.The core of the AMT system is the control strategy, the principle of the clutch engagement, shifting procedure, the choice of control method and the CAN communication between TCU and ECU can influence the shift
19、ing performance.Shifting schedule is the schedule of auto shifting time between two shifts with controlling parameters. It includes economical and dynamical shifting schedule. At present, shifting schedule of two controlling parameters (vehicle speed and opening on throttle) is mainly used. If shift
20、ing schedule is not good, shifting will not happen at right time and the working condition of engine will be severe. It will make the sound of engine abnormally and stability badly through the whole shifting procession. Sometimes even flame out Schedule of clutch engagement is determined by releasin
21、g journey of clutch, opening of throttle, shifting, vehicle speed and loading. The mainControlling goals are engaging quantity and engaging speed. The engaging control of clutch is mainly referred to the control of engaging speed. It is divided into three stages: fast, slow, fast. Shifting quality i
22、s directly influenced by the second stage. If engaging harder, it will make shifting concussion, even flame out; if engaging more slowly, it will make the friction time longer and reduce its longevity. The main controlling parameters are difference between initiative and passive and torques on both
23、sides. When torques being approximately equal, it is proved by experiments that it can guarantee shifting time and not make concussion through the procession of engagement at the time of difference of rotating speed below some value. Meanwhile, the abrasion of clutch is not severe.Shifting procedure
24、 is the procedure through working harmoniously among engine, clutch and transmission. Their cooperation will affect shifting time heavily. In order to decrease the shifting time, the time that is spent on the friction of the clutch should be decreased first. If we intend to increase the time of non-
25、load stage, which helps to minimize the difference of the rotary speed between the driving disc and the driven disc. If we intend to shorten the time of the non-load stage, engage the clutch immediately after the gear change. The clutch can engage in a satisfying period if the new method of controll
26、ing the engaging speed of the clutch is realizable. And the time that is spent on synchronizing the gears should also be shortened. It can be realized in the following two ways. The first is to decrease the difference of the driving gear and the driven gear. The second is to increase the shifting fo
27、rce. If realizing the union control between ECU and TCU by CAN bus, AMT has the best control and the best shifting performance by use of communication strategy between TCU and ECU.Influence on shifting performance by hardwareThe elements in hardware system are the basis of proper functions of AMT. E
28、xecutors, sensors, electronic components, hydraulic systems have influences on shifting performance, the choice of hardware parameters is of vital important to improvement of shifting performance. With the development of the theory and technology of vehicle, the technical increasingly mature of micr
29、oprocessor and the extensive application of electronic technique on the car, people have no limit at satisfying the automotive means of transportation only, facing gradually from the request of the car power, economy and easily manipulating, flexibility, safety, an d the intelligent type of car beco
30、mes the focus in the vision of people increasingly. Companys publicity slogan of person, car, life, make people the center etc. On the side exhibit the expectation of people to the automotive individuation, humanity. In the development direction of the car intelligence, the intelligence of the autom
31、atic gearbox has important effect. But the intelligence of the automatic gearbox embodies at the establishment of the shift regulation. For the fashion, for satisfying people to the new automotive request, for competitive advantage of the car type, at present, each big factory in world worked very m
32、uch in shift regulation of new car type. Among those, the most arresting is AL4 automatic gearbox developed by PEUGEOT/CITROEN and RENAULT in that there unexpectedly are the 10 kinds of so many shift regulations. In the big system of person car road, the good and bad of the car control, reflect prim
33、arily in the coordination of the vehicle and environment (road), the coordination of the vehicle and person. And so, the electronic automatic control system can save various regulations to provide the driver to choose to use, not only having the economic regulation, motive (call to sport the type ag
34、ain) regulation, but also still having the general (usual) regulation, environment temperature and regulation with the outsider condition variety etc. Namely, the point of shifting can be freely enacted for every kind of regulation. In the intelligence direction of the shift regulation, everyone has
35、 made much work up to now, parts of the results has been applied on the car. But the work that developing this intelligent shift regulation still is hard, this is mainly because of:1. The intelligence degree of the current intelligent gearbox needs to be increased, and it expresses at that accurate
36、degree to identify environment is not high and to identify the drivers driving cant give satisfaction.2. The intelligence function is still not perfect. The intelligent automatically shift system is an open system; it must be continuously perfect and plentiful on the current foundation. Only this wa
37、y, it can adapt to the driving request of the different drivers, reducing the drivers labor strength, increasing the performance of the whole vehicle.Conventional design method which used in the structure parameters design of automobile gear box and synchronizer is a time-wasting job and hard work,
38、and it is difficult to get idea design parameters and no good to the enhancement of products qualities. The optimum design of automobile gearbox and synchronizer which take the advantage of computers seeking the best structure parameters within constrains is a perfect and high-quality design method.
39、 The main target of this article is to set up a optimum mathematical model of structure parameters of the trucks gearbox and synchronizer, the auth or use a optimum method based on K-T equation to improve the design level of automobile gearbox and synchronizer. Gear box is a important part of transm
40、ission, so the optimization of automobile gearbox is very important because the transmission is a main part of automobile. According to the design request and character sofa sort of truck, the optimum mathematical model of trucks gearbox is analyzed and set up in this article to decrease its weight
41、and volume when the strength, stiffness, and lifetime of parts are permitted. And we can receive a satisfaction result through optimizing its parameter for instance.Synchronizer is a important part of automobile gearbox, it make drive gear and driven gear engaged after their synchronized, so it can
42、decrease engaged shock and noise, it can decrease shift forcing and make it comfort to gear shift and increase the life of synchronizer. The synchronized process of synchronizer is analyzed in this article; we can receive a satisfaction result through optimizing its influence parameter for instance
43、when the synchronized time is the shortest. The optimum toolbox of MATLAB is a convenient of ware of modern optimization with fast speed and powerful function. The algorithms of different mathematical subsets are divided into different librarians in the form of functions in MATLAB optimum toolbox. W
44、hen we use them, we just call the functions and give special parameters to solve the problems and this will be fast and accurate. The author gives an optimum design for automobile gearbox and synchronizer by using the optimum toolbox of MATLAB and receives a satisfaction result.自动变速器换档规律的研究车辆自动变速器通常
45、分为液力机械式自动变速器（简称AT）、电控机械式自动变速器（简称AMT）和机械式无级变速器（简称CVT）。AMT以其传动效率高、成本低和易于制造等优点成为一种具有极具发展潜力的自动变速器。AMT 换档品质的研究则是AMT技术体系研究中关键的一环，换档品质的好坏真接影响到AMT产业化进程及在市场上的竞争能力。AMT有很好的市场前景，但由于AMT 的换档过程必需切断动力，所以其换档品质较AT和CVT要差一些。只有提高AMT的换档品质，使之接近或超过AT、CVT的换档品质，方能在市场上形成竞争力。所以对AMT换档品质的研究就成为AMT 技术体系研究中关键的一环。AMT发展分为三个阶段：半自动的SAM
46、T阶段、全自动阶段和智能阶段。AMT 结构分为硬件和软件两部分，硬件系统包括被控对象、执行机构、传感器、TCU等；软件系统由实现控制策略的软件组成。自动变速器(AT)的换档性能的优劣对整车性能有很大的影响。自动变速器换档品质问题研究是自动变速箱研究领域中的一个重要研究课题。换档品质的控制通过电液系统来完成。控制器根据实时的油门开度、车速等信号，发出操纵指令控制换档结合元件的油压变化规律，实现平稳换档。本文对自动变速器的换档品质控制系统、换档过程结合元件油压变化规律进行了较深入的分析和研究。文中首先对换档品质的现有评价方法和指标进行了分析和总结，并对现有AT换档品质的控制方式进行了较为全面的介绍
47、和分析。提出了一种自动变速器换档过程分析的等效力学模型和发动机一变矩器动力学简化模型，以适应车辆起步、换档实时控制研究的需要。应用所建立的数学模型，对自动变速器的换档过程进行了详细的分析。制定了适当的换档过渡过程结合元件的油压变化规律，可改变自动变速器的换档品质。对AG4自动变速箱的油压控制给出了具体的计算方法。可改善自动变速器的换档品以AG4自动变速箱2H档到3H档为例进行了模拟仿真，仿真的结果对所建立的简化模型和提出的期望油压规律进行了验证。详细分析了AG4液压操纵系统的供油调压和换档品质控制工作原理。并对换档品质控制的框图设计做了初步的探讨。利用自动变速器电液控制试验台对AG4自动变速箱
48、的控制系统和液压系统进行了测试。通过试验验证了本文所建立的数学模型及其分析结论。电控机械式自动变速器(Automated Mechanical Transmission, AMT)是一种新型的自动变速系统，其通过对手动固定轴式变速器和干式摩擦离合器的自动化改造从而实现了选档、换档以及离合器和油门的自动操纵。AMT技术适合我国国情，有着广泛的市场和发展前途。换档规律是电控机械式自动变速器的灵魂，它是判断换档时机的依据。在应用中，通过将采集的车辆行驶状态与换档规律相对比，从而判断是否达到最佳的换档点并自动执行换档操作，这样大大减轻了驾驶员的疲劳，提高行驶安全，同时使整车具有较好的动力性及燃油经济性
49、。本论文选择电控机械式自动变速器换档规律这一关键性问题作为研究对象，研究目的是为AMT制定最佳的换档规律以提高车辆的动力性和燃油经济性。通过对影响车辆动力性和燃油经济性的因素进行分析，本论文推导了最佳动力性和最佳燃油经济性换档规律的制定方法。为解决质量影响问题，提出了一种变结构的最佳换档系统，丰富了换档规律理论。鉴于计算机仿真技术与实车测试相比可以节省大量的人力物力，本论文在进行换档规律的设计中，采用MATLAB/Simulate仿真工具箱建立了最佳换档规律的仿真模型，利用此仿真模型对制定的最佳动力性和最佳燃油经济性换档规律进行仿真，仿真结果表明本论文所建立的换档规律是合理的。换档品质是指在保证动力传动系统寿命的前提下，能够迅速、平稳换档的程度，其评价的指标主要是舒适性，量化指标包括换档时间和冲击度。换档品质的影响因素包括软、硬件两方面九大因素，并且可用两种实验方法对换档品质进行研究，一种是整车道路实验实时采集数据进行分析；第二种方法就是通过做模拟整车工况的台架实验。AMT的控制策略是AMT控制的全部控制思想，控制策略里换档规律、离合器结合规