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1、The Strategic Role of Human Resource ManagementTyson,S1. Human Resource Management at WorkWhat Is Human Resource Management?To understand what human resource management is, we should first review what managers do. Most experts agree that there are five basic functions all managers perform planning,
2、organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. In total, these functions represent the management process. Some of the specific activities involved in each function include:Planning: Establishing goals and standards; developing rules and procedures; developing plans and forecastingpredicting or pro
3、jecting some future occurrence.Organizing: Giving each subordinate a specific task; establishing departments; delegating authority to subordinates; establishing channels of authority and communication; coordinating the work of subordinates.Staffing: Deciding what type of people should be hired; recr
4、uiting prospective employees; selecting employees; setting performance standards; compensating employees; evaluating performance; counseling employees; training and developing employees.Leading: Getting others to get the job done; maintaining morale; motivating subordinates.Controlling: Setting stan
5、dards such as sales quotas, quality standards, or production levels; checking to see how actual performance compares with these standards; taking corrective action as needed.Why Is HR Management Important to All Managers?Why are these concepts and techniques important to all managers? Perhaps its ea
6、sier to answer this by listing some of the personnel mistakes you dont want to make while managing. For example, you dont want:To hire the wrong person for the jobTo experience high turnoverTo find your people not doing their bestTo waste time with useless interviewsTo have your company taken to cou
7、rt because of your discriminatory actionsTo have your company cited under federal occupational safety laws for unsafe practicesTo have some of your employees think their salaries are unfair and inequitable relative to others in the organizationTo allow a lack of training to undermine your department
8、s effectivenessTo commit any unfair labor practicesRemember that you could do everything else right as a manager lay brilliant plans, draw clear organization charts, set up modern assembly lines, and use sophisticated accounting controls but still fail as a manager by hiring the wrong people or by n
9、ot motivating subordinates, for instance).On the other hand, many managers-whether presidents, generals, governors, or supervisors-have been successful even with inadequate plans, organization, or controls. They were successful because they had the knack for hiring the right people for the right job
10、s and motivating, appraising, and developing them. 2. Line and Staff Aspects of HRMAll managers are, in a sense, HR managers, since they all get involved in activities like recruiting, interviewing, selecting, and training. Yet most firms also have a human resource department with its own human reso
11、urce manager. How do the duties of this HR manager and his or her staff relate to line managers human resource duties? Lets answer this question, starling with a short definition of line versus staff authority.Line versus Staff AuthorityAuthority is the right to make decisions, to direct the work of
12、 others, and to give orders. In management, we usually distinguish between line authority and staff authority.Line managers are authorized to direct the work of subordinates theyre always someones boss. In addition, line managers are in charge of accomplishing the organizations basic goals (Hotel ma
13、nagers and the managers for production and sales are generally line managers, for example. They have direct responsibility for accomplishing the organizations basic goals. They also have the authority to direct the work of their subordinates. ) Staff managers, on the other hand, are authorized to as
14、sist and advise line managers in accomplishing these basic goals. HR managers are generally staff managers. They are responsible for advising line managers (like those for production and sales) in areas like recruiting, hiring, and compensation.Line Managers Human Resource Management Responsibilitie
15、sAccording to one expert, The direct handling of people is, and always has been, an integral part of every line managers responsibility, from president down to the lowest-level supervisor.For example, one major company outlines its line supervisors responsibilities for effective human resource manag
16、ement under the following general headings:Placing the right person on the right jobStarting new employees in the organization (orientation)Training employees for jobs that are new to themImproving the job performance of each personGaining creative cooperation and developing smooth working relations
17、hipsInterpreting the company s policies and proceduresControlling labor costsDeveloping the abilities of each personCreating and maintaining departmental moraleProtecting employees health and physical conditionIn small organizations, line managers may carry out all these personnel duties unassisted.
18、 But as the organization grows, they need the assistance, specialized knowledge, and advice of a separate human resource staff.Human Resource Departments HR Management ResponsibilitiesThe human resource department provides this specialized assistance. In doing so, the HR manager carries out three di
19、stinct functions:A line function.First, the HR manager performs a line function by directing the activities of the people in his or her own department and in service areas (like the plant cafeteria). A coordinative function. HR managers also function as coordinators of personnel activities, a duty o
20、ften referred to as functional control. Staff (service) functions. Serving and assisting line managers is the bread and butter of the HR managers job. For example, HR assists in the hiring, training, evaluating, rewarding, counseling, promoting, and firing of employees. It also administers the vario
21、us benefit programs (health and accident insurance, retirement, vacation, and so on).4. Tomorrows HRTrends like globalization and technological innovation are changing the way firms are managed. Organizations today must grapple with revolutionary trends, accelerating product and technological change
22、, globalize competition, deregulation, demographic changes, and trends toward a service society and the information age.These trends have changed the playing field on which firms must compete. In particular, they have dramatically increased the degree of competition in virtually all industries, whil
23、e forcing firms to cope with unprecedented product innovation and technological change.In the companies that have successfully responded to these challenges, new modes of organizing and managing have emerged.The traditional, pyramid-shaped organization is giving way to new organizational forms. At f
24、irms like AT&T the new way of organizing stresses cross-functional teams and boosting interdepartmental communications.At General Electric, Chairman Jack Welch talks of the boundary less organization, in which employees do not identify with separate departments but instead interact with whomever the
25、y must to get the job done.Employees are being empowered to make more and more decisions. Experts argue for turning the typical organization upside down. They say todays organization should put the customer on top and emphasize that every move the company makes should be toward satisfying the custom
26、ers needs. Management must therefore empower its front-line employees.In other words, employees need the authority to respond quickly to the customers needs. The bases of power are changing. In the new organization, says management theorist Rosabeth Moss Kanter, position, title, and authority are no
27、 longer adequate tools for managers to rely on to get their jobs done.Instead, success depends increasingly on tapping into sources of good ideas, on figuring out whose collaboration is needed to act on those ideas, and on working with both to produce results. In short, the new managerial work impli
28、es very different ways of obtaining and using power.Managers today must build commitment Building adaptive, customer-responsive organizations means that eliciting employees commitment and self-control is more important than it has ever been. GEs Jack Welch put it this way: The only way I see to get
29、more productivity is by getting people involved and excited about their jobs. You cant afford to have anyone walk through a gate of a factory or into an office who is not giving 120%.人力资源管理的战略作用泰森,S1. 人力资源管理工作 什么是人力资源管理?了解人力资源管理,首先要审查管理人员。大多数专家一致认为,有五个基本职能的所有管理人员执行的规划、组织、人员配备、领导和控制。总之,这些职能描绘了管理的步骤。一
30、些参与了每个功能的具体活动包括: 规划:确定目标和标准;发展中国家的规则和程序;发展计划和预报预测或预测未来的一些情况。组织:给每个下属的具体任务;建立部门;给下属权力;建立权威和交流的渠道;协调下属的工作。人员编制:决定什么类型的人应该雇用;招募潜在雇员;选择雇员;制定的性能标准;补偿雇员;评价性能;辅导员工;培训和发展员工。 领导:让别人来完成任务;保持士气;激励下属。 控制:设置标准,如销售定额、质量标准或生产水平;查看实际的执行情况是否符合这些标准;需要时采取纠正行为。为什么人力资源管理的重要是面向所有管理人员?为什么这些概念和技术对所有管理人员来说是重要的?通过列举一些管理时你不想出
31、现的人为错误也许就能很容易回答这个问题。例如,你不希望: 为这份工作聘请了错误的人体验高营业额 发现您的员工没有尽全力浪费时间与无用会见因为你的歧视性行动而将您的公司送上法庭根据职业安全法对您的公司指出不安全做法让一些员工认为,相对其他公司来说他们的工资是不公平的允许训练的缺乏而破坏你部门的效率 出现不公平的劳动记住,你可以使用一切作为一名管理者的权利来制定辉煌的计划,制定明确的组织结构图,设立现代化的生产流水线,并使用复杂的财务管理但作为管理者仍不能雇用错误的人或者不去激励下属(举例来说)。另一方面,许多管理人员,无论总裁、经理、主管人员或管理者,即使使用了不充分的计划、组织或管理也获得了成
32、功。他们成功了,是因为他们有给合适的人提供合适的就业机会的诀窍,并能激励、评价和发展他们。2. 人力资源管理的项目管理和职员管理方面所有管理人员,从某种意义上说,人力资源管理人员,都要参与诸如招聘、面试、选拔和培训的活动。然而,多数企业也有人力资源部和自己的人力资源管理人员。人力资源管理者和他或她的工作人员涉及到“项目”管理人员的人力资源职责时怎样执行这份职责?让我们来回答这个问题,通过一个简短的相对职员管理人员的项目管理人员的权威的定义。 相对职员管理人员的项目管理人员的权威权威就是作出决定、引导他人的工作、并下达命令的权利。在管理方面,我们通常要区分各级管理的权力和工作人员的权力。 项目管
33、理人员有权直接管理下属的工作,他们一直是某些人的老板。此外,项目管理人员负责完成本组织的基本目标(例如,酒店管理人员和生产销售管理人员是一般管理人员。他们为实现该组织的基本目标负有直接责任。他们还有权直接管理其下属的工作。)另一方面,职员管理人员被授权在实现这些基本目标时给项目管理人员提供协助和意见。人力资源管理人员是一般的职员管理人员。他们负责在招聘、雇用和赔偿领域给项目管理人员提供意见(例如为生产、销售提供的那些)。项目管理人员的人力资源管理职责据一位专家说,对人员的直接管理是,并且一直都是,每个项目管理人员的职责的主要组成部分,从总裁到最低一级的主管。例如,一个大公司将其项目管理者进行有
34、效的人力资源管理的职责概述如下:向合适的人提供合适的工作在组织中培养新的员工(有方向性的)为那些对他们来说是崭新的工作来培训员工提高每个人的工作业绩为顺利的工作关系获得创造性的合作和发展解读S公司的政策和程序劳动力成本控制每个人发展中的能力创建和维护部门的士气保护员工的健康和身体状况在小组织中,项目管理人员可以进行所有这些无用的人员职责。但是,随着组织的成长,他们需要对一个独立的人力资源职员的协助、专业知识和建议。人力资源部门的人力资源管理职责人力资源处提供这种专门的协助。在这样做时,人力资源管理人员有三个不同的职能:项目职能。首先,人力资源管理人员通过指挥在他或她自己的部门和服务领域(如工厂
35、食堂)里的人的活动来执行项目职能。协调职能。人力资源管理人员,也可称作职员活动的协调员,有着往往被称为功能控制的责任。职员(服务)职能。服务和协助项目管理人员是人力资源管理者工作中的“面包和奶油”。例如,人力资源协助雇用、培训、评价、奖励、辅导、推动和发展雇员。它还负责管理的各种福利计划(健康和意外保险、退休、休假,等等)。4. 明天的人力资源 像全球化和技术创新的那些趋势正在改变企业的管理方式。现如今,企业必须处理好这些革命性的趋势,加快产品和技术的变革,全球化的竞争,常规的违反,人口结构的变化,并倾向一个服务型社会和信息时代。这些趋势已经改变了企业的竞争环境。特别是,在几乎所有的行业中都存
36、在急剧增加的竞争程度,这就迫使企业去应付前所未有的产品创新和技术变革。在企业之间已经成功地回应了这些挑战,新的组织和管理的模式已经形成了。传统的金字塔形组织已经让位给新的组织形式。在诸如AT&T的公司中,这种新的组织形式加强了小组间的职能交互,并促进了部门间的交流。在通用电气公司,董事长杰克韦尔奇会与那些分界线较少的企业进行会谈,这些企业中的雇员不是因独立的部门而视为一体,而是与那些必须要完成的这项工作的人合作。员工正在有越来越多的作出决定的权利。专家对转向典型的企业的颠倒进行着争论。他们说,今天的组织应该把客户放在顶端,并强调每一个举动都应该使公司尽量满足客户的需求。因此,管理必须授权给那些
37、前线员工。换句话说,员工需要有对客户需求做出迅速反应的权利。权力的基础正在发生变化。管理理论家罗莎贝莫斯坎特说:“在新的组织中,地位、职称和权威已不再是管理人员完成他们工作所要依赖的了。相反,越来越多的成功取决于利用好的想法的来源,找出其合作需要采取的行动是在这些想法之上起作用的,并且它们之间相互产生结果,总之,新的管理工作意味着完全不同的获取和使用权力的方式。”现如今,管理人员必须对那些向客户作出响应的企业立下承诺,这就意味着征求雇员的承诺和自我控制比以往任何时候都更加重要。通用电气公司的杰克韦尔奇提出这样说:我认为获得更多生产力的唯一的办法就是让人们对他们的工作感到棘手和兴奋。你承受不起让
38、那些没有得到120%的人走出工厂的大门或者进入办公室。五分钟搞定5000字毕业论文外文翻译,你想要的工具都在这里!在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节,许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献,借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多,慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器:Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸(完整版本)和CNKI“翻译助手。具体操作过程如下: 1.先打开金山词霸自动取词功能,然后阅读文献; 2.遇到无法理解的长句时,可以交给Google处理,处理后的结果猛一看,不堪入目,可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明了了; 3.如果通过
39、Google仍然无法理解,感觉就是不同,那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词”理解有误,因为某些单词看似很简单,但是在文献中有特殊的意思,这时就可以通过CNKI的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思,由于CNKI的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献,所以它的吻合率很高。 另外,在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位,这样才不会造成“只见树木,不见森林”的误导。四大工具: 1、Google翻译: google,众所周知,谷歌里面的英文文献和资料还算是比较详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文,当然这方面的帖子很多,大家可以搜索,在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻译上来。下面给大家举个例子
40、来说明如何用吧比如说“电磁感应透明效应”这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译,首先你可以在CNKI里查中文的,根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做,一般比较准确。 在此主要是说在google里怎么知道这个翻译意思。大家应该都有词典吧,按中国人的办法,把一个一个词分着查出来,敲到google里,你的这种翻译一般不太准,当然你需要验证是否准确了,这下看着吧,把你的那支离破碎的翻译在google里搜索,你能看到许多相关的文献或资料,大家都不是笨蛋,看看,也就能找到最精确的翻译了,纯西式的!我就是这么用的。 2、CNKI翻译: CNKI翻译助手,这个网站不需要介绍太多,可能有些人也知道的。主要说说它的有点,你进去看看
41、就能发现:搜索的肯定是专业词汇,而且它翻译结果下面有文章与之对应(因为它是CNKI检索提供的,它的翻译是从文献里抽出来的),很实用的一个网站。估计别的写文章的人不是傻子吧,它们的东西我们可以直接拿来用,当然省事了。网址告诉大家,有兴趣的进去看看,你们就会发现其乐无穷!还是很值得用的。 3、网路版金山词霸(不到1M): 4、有道在线翻译:翻译时的速度:这里我谈的是电子版和打印版的翻译速度,按个人翻译速度看,打印版的快些,因为看电子版本一是费眼睛,二是如果我们用电脑,可能还经常时不时玩点游戏,或者整点别的,导致最终SPPEED变慢,再之电脑上一些词典(金山词霸等)在专业翻译方面也不是特别好,所以翻
42、译效果不佳。在此本人建议大家购买清华大学编写的好像是国防工业出版社的那本英汉科学技术词典,基本上挺好用。再加上网站如:google CNKI翻译助手,这样我们的翻译速度会提高不少。具体翻译时的一些技巧(主要是写论文和看论文方面) 大家大概都应预先清楚明白自己专业方向的国内牛人,在这里我强烈建议大家仔细看完这些头上长角的人物的中英文文章,这对你在专业方向的英文和中文互译水平提高有很大帮助。 我们大家最蹩脚的实质上是写英文论文,而非看英文论文,但话说回来我们最终提高还是要从下大工夫看英文论文开始。提到会看,我想它是有窍门的,个人总结如下: 1、把不同方面的论文分夹存放,在看论文时,对论文必须做到看
43、完后完全明白(你重视的论文);懂得其某部分讲了什么(你需要参考的部分论文),在看明白这些论文的情况下,我们大家还得紧接着做的工作就是把论文中你觉得非常巧妙的表达写下来,或者是你论文或许能用到的表达摘记成本。这个本将是你以后的财富。你写论文时再也不会为了一些表达不符合西方表达模式而烦恼。你的论文也降低了被SCI或大牛刊物退稿的几率。不信,你可以试一试 2、把摘记的内容自己编写成检索,这个过程是我们对文章再回顾,而且是对你摘抄的经典妙笔进行梳理的重要阶段。你有了这个过程。写英文论文时,将会有一种信手拈来的感觉。许多文笔我们不需要自己再翻译了。当然前提是你梳理的非常细,而且中英文对照写的比较详细。 3、最后一点就是我们往大成修炼的阶段了,万事不是说成的,它是做出来的。写英文论文也就像我们小学时开始学写作文一样,你不练笔是肯定写不出好作品来的。所以在此我鼓励大家有时尝试着把自己的论文强迫自己写成英文的,一遍不行,可以再修改。最起码到最后你会很满意。呵呵,我想我是这么觉得的。10