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1、Glass furnace flue gas waste heat power generationAs a major energy consumer in building materials industry, glass production needs to consume large amounts of energy, glass melting furnace design using heavy oil, natural gas, coal gas and other fuels. The combustion of the fuel in the furnace of he
2、at release, the glass liquid absorption of total calories 3540%; through the furnace surface heat loss is 2025%; the smoke loss for 3040%. Visible glass furnace flue gas away a lot of heat, so the flue gas heat recovery potential, effective utilization of waste heat in glass production has become an
3、 effective way to reduce the comprehensive energy consumption of glass production.Utilization of flue gas waste heat resource is mainly heat utilization and power recovery two. At present, the glass industry mainly uses the recycling pathway heat utilization, namely in the kiln tail is provided with
4、 waste heat exchange device, half through the flue gas waste heat exchange device, to produce saturated steam waste heat utilization of flue gas, used for the production and life, which is mainly used for the production of heavy oil heating, but required the use of steam and is small, and the use of
5、 natural gas as fuel for glass production line, its production is almost without steam, so the waste heat of the flue gas have not been fully utilized.Since 2004, China International Building Materials Engineering Co. Ltd. the gas-fired combined cycle, various industrial kilns (cement industry, meta
6、llurgy industry, chemical industry) experience waste heat power generation technology and equipment, waste heat power generation technology developed characteristics suitable for glass kiln flue gas waste heat. Using the technology of comprehensive utilization of the waste heat of flue gas at the sa
7、me time, we can not only reduce purchased electricity, improves the utilization ratio of energy, but also can reduce emissions of atmospheric pollutants, reduce the greenhouse effect1, technology introductionGlass melting kiln waste heat power generation system in its essence and power systems, the
8、main working principle is: the use of waste heat recovery boiler flue gas waste heat, the boiler feed water heating produce superheated steam, superheated steam to power the expansion turbine, converting heat energy into mechanical energy, and the generator is driven to generate electricity, heat, c
9、onversion mechanical energy to electrical energy. Did the work of steam (steam turbine) from the discharge of circulating cooling water system, the cooling after the formation of the condensed water, condensed water and water mixed together as boiler feed water, the pump was sent back to the boiler,
10、 so that the completion of a thermodynamic process. Such as factory production needs with saturated steam, steam extraction piping system design, extraction steam from the steam turbine rear opening, meet the demand of steam plantCharacteristics of waste heat power generation technology:1) reliabili
11、ty: ensure exhaust patency in any case, to ensure the safe operation of the kiln pressure stable and glass melting furnace.2) Stability; of flue gas parameters of glass furnace exhaust to unconditional to do , how many, how much to eat.3) Adaptability: in flue gas parameter fluctuations or in the no
12、n design condition, performance of variable working condition of waste heat power generation system and equipment used, production of steam and internal efficiency is higher under off design conditions, the actual power generation.4) waste heat utilization is maximized: glass kiln flue gas waste hea
13、t resources belonging to the two energy, intermediate energy, the heat grade is relatively low, in order to achieve the cascade utilization, using high quality as the principle,In order to ensure the waste heat power generation system reliability, stability, adaptability, maximize the utilization ra
14、te of waste heat, waste heat utilization project economy guarantee.5) years long operation time: the effective allocation of on-line cleaning device, which in the case of continuous furnace non-stop ash, so as to ensure that the waste heat power generation system operating over 8000h3, promotion pro
15、spects Waste heat flue gas kiln flue gas temperature of molten glass, a glass furnace flue gas quantity is not large, but with the development of float glass, glass industry development of waste heat power generation is an inevitable trend:1) along with the spreading of float glass technology in Chi
16、na and glass production capacity continues to improve, more and more waste heat of the flue gas resources in Chinas glass industry. The last heat utilization has been unable to meet the requirements of waste heat utilization maximization.2) along with rising energy prices, glass enterprises how to r
17、educe production costs, improve the competitiveness of enterprises, is a very large number of glass enterprises can get rid of the dilemma, the key to achieving sustainable development.3) advocated by the state energy policy, environmental policy also requires glass enterprises must be low energy co
18、nsumption, low pollution of the road, therefore, the development of waste heat power generation glass industry has a broad social foundation.4) application of glass melting kiln waste heat power generation technology to reduce glass enterprises purchased power greatly, improve the economic efficienc
19、y of enterprises.5) there are many glass enterprises in the factory has more than 2 float glass production line, which provides favorable conditions for the glass furnace flue gas waste heat power generation. At present, the float glass production line in China, more than 200, the glass industry con
20、struction waste heat power generation project market prospectsWaste heat power generation process does not require burning fuels (coal, oil and gas), the atmospheric environment without adding any pollutants (TSP, SO2, NOx) emissions, and coal-fired power plants emit the same amount in comparison, b
21、ut also can save energy, reduce CO2 and the emission of pollutants, reducing the exhaust temperature, reduce the greenhouse gas effect.Power construction waste glass enterprises can improve the economic efficiency of enterprises, reduce emissions of atmospheric pollutants, to achieve economic effici
22、ency, environmental benefits and social benefits of the win-win situation, in line with the circular economy reduction, reuse, resource oriented principle, is Chinas glass business development of circular economy an important way. 玻璃熔窑烟气余热发电简介作为建材行业能耗大户,玻璃企业生产需要消耗大量的能源,玻璃熔窑设计使用重油、天然气、煤气等燃料。燃料在炉内燃烧释放
23、热量,其中玻璃液吸热占总热量3540%;通过熔窑表面散热损失为2025%;排烟损失为3040%。可见玻璃熔窑烟气带走了大量的热量,因此烟气热量回收的潜力巨大,高效利用玻璃生产中的余热成为目前降低玻璃综合生产综合能耗的有效途径。烟气余热资源的利用途径主要有热利用和动力回收两种。目前,玻璃行业主要采用热利用的回收途径,即在熔窑尾部设余热换热装置,烟气半通过余热换热装置,利用部分烟气的余热来产生饱和蒸汽,用于厂区的生产和生活,其中生产主要用于重油的加热,但所需使用的蒸汽量并不大,而对使用天然气为燃料的玻璃生产线,其生产中几乎可以不用蒸汽,因此烟气的余热并没有被充分的利用。2004年以来,中国建材国际
24、工程有限公司在总结燃气联合循环、各种工业窑炉(水泥行业、冶金行业、化工行业)余热发电系统技术及装备的经验基础上,开发了适合玻璃窑烟气余热的特性的余热发电技术。利用该技术对烟气余热进行综合利用的同时,不仅可以大大减少外购电量,提高全厂的能源利用率,而且还能减少大气污染物的排放,减少温室效应1、技术简介玻璃熔窑余热发电系统就其本质而言与火力发电系统相同,主要工作原理为:利用余热锅炉回收烟气余热热能,将锅炉给水加热生产出过热蒸汽,过热蒸汽到汽轮机中膨胀做功,将热能转换成机械能,进而带动发电机发出电力,实现热能机械能电能的转换。做过功的蒸汽(乏汽)从汽轮机排出,经循环冷却水系统冷却后形成冷凝水,冷凝水
25、及补充水混合在一起作为锅炉的给水,经给水泵在送回到锅炉中,这样就完成了一个热力过程。如厂区生产生活需要用饱和蒸汽,则系统设抽汽管路,从汽轮机后部开口抽汽,满足全厂对蒸汽之需求。余热发电技术的特点在于:1) 1可靠性:在任何情况下保证排烟通畅,保证窑内压力的平稳和玻璃熔窑的安全运行。2) 2稳定性:对玻璃熔窑排出的烟气参数要无条件适应,做到“有多少、吃多少”。3) 3适应性:在烟气参数波动或处于非设计工况时,余热发电系统及设备的变工况性能较好,非设计工况下仍有较高的产汽量和内效率,保证了实际发电量。4) 4余热利用率的最大化:玻璃窑烟气余热资源属于二次能源、中级能,其热品位相对较低,以实现“梯级
26、利用,高质高用”的利用为原则,在保证余热发电系统可靠性、稳定性、适应性的前提下,实现余热利用率的最大化,保证余热利用项目经济性。5) 年运行时间长:配置有效在线清灰装置,保证在不停炉的情况下连续清灰,从而保证余热发电系统年运行超过8000h。3、推广前景玻璃熔窑烟气属中温烟气余热,单条玻璃熔窑烟气量不大,但随着浮法玻璃的发展,玻璃行业发展余热发电是必然的趋势:1) 随着我国浮法玻璃技术的推广以及玻璃产能的不断提高,我国玻璃行业的烟气余热资源越来越多。过去的热利用已不能满足余热利用最大化的要求。2) 随着能源价格的不断上涨,玻璃企业如何能降低生产成本、提高企业的竞争力,已是众多玻璃企业能否摆脱困
27、境、获得持续发展的关键。3) 国家倡导的能源政策、环保政策也要求玻璃企业必须走低能耗、低污染的道路,因此,玻璃行业发展余热发电已具备广泛的社会基础。4) 玻璃熔窑余热发电技术的应用大大减少玻璃企业外购电量,提高了企业的经济效益。5) 我国有很多玻璃企业厂区内有2条以上的浮法玻璃生产线,这为玻璃熔窑烟气余热发电提供了有利的条件。目前,我国浮法玻璃生产线约200余条,玻璃行业建设余热发电项目的市场前景广阔。余热发电工艺过程不需要燃烧燃料(煤、油和燃气),对大气环境不增加任何污染物(TSP、SO2、NOx)的排放,与火力发电厂发出同等电量相比较,还可节约能源,减少CO2及污染物的排放,降低排气温度,
28、减轻温室气体效应。玻璃企业建设余热发电可提高企业的经济效益,减少大气污染物的排放,实现经济效益、环保效益和社会效益多赢的局面,符合循环经济 “减量化、再利用、资源化”原则,是我国玻璃企业发展循环经济重要途径。五分钟搞定5000字毕业论文外文翻译,你想要的工具都在这里!在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节,许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献,借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多,慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器:Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸(完整版本)和CNKI“翻译助手。具体操作过程如下: 1.先打开金山词霸自动取词功能,然后
29、阅读文献; 2.遇到无法理解的长句时,可以交给Google处理,处理后的结果猛一看,不堪入目,可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明了了; 3.如果通过Google仍然无法理解,感觉就是不同,那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词”理解有误,因为某些单词看似很简单,但是在文献中有特殊的意思,这时就可以通过CNKI的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思,由于CNKI的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献,所以它的吻合率很高。 另外,在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位,这样才不会造成“只见树木,不见森林”的误导。四大工具: 1、Google翻译: google,众所周知,谷歌里面的英文文献和资料
30、还算是比较详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文,当然这方面的帖子很多,大家可以搜索,在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻译上来。下面给大家举个例子来说明如何用吧比如说“电磁感应透明效应”这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译,首先你可以在CNKI里查中文的,根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做,一般比较准确。 在此主要是说在google里怎么知道这个翻译意思。大家应该都有词典吧,按中国人的办法,把一个一个词分着查出来,敲到google里,你的这种翻译一般不太准,当然你需要验证是否准确了,这下看着吧,把你的那支离破碎的翻译在google里搜索,你能看到许多相关的文献或资料,大家都不是笨蛋,看看,也就能找到
31、最精确的翻译了,纯西式的!我就是这么用的。 2、CNKI翻译: CNKI翻译助手,这个网站不需要介绍太多,可能有些人也知道的。主要说说它的有点,你进去看看就能发现:搜索的肯定是专业词汇,而且它翻译结果下面有文章与之对应(因为它是CNKI检索提供的,它的翻译是从文献里抽出来的),很实用的一个网站。估计别的写文章的人不是傻子吧,它们的东西我们可以直接拿来用,当然省事了。网址告诉大家,有兴趣的进去看看,你们就会发现其乐无穷!还是很值得用的。 3、网路版金山词霸(不到1M): 4、有道在线翻译:翻译时的速度:这里我谈的是电子版和打印版的翻译速度,按个人翻译速度看,打印版的快些,因为看电子版本一是费眼睛
32、,二是如果我们用电脑,可能还经常时不时玩点游戏,或者整点别的,导致最终SPPEED变慢,再之电脑上一些词典(金山词霸等)在专业翻译方面也不是特别好,所以翻译效果不佳。在此本人建议大家购买清华大学编写的好像是国防工业出版社的那本英汉科学技术词典,基本上挺好用。再加上网站如:google CNKI翻译助手,这样我们的翻译速度会提高不少。具体翻译时的一些技巧(主要是写论文和看论文方面) 大家大概都应预先清楚明白自己专业方向的国内牛人,在这里我强烈建议大家仔细看完这些头上长角的人物的中英文文章,这对你在专业方向的英文和中文互译水平提高有很大帮助。 我们大家最蹩脚的实质上是写英文论文,而非看英文论文,但
33、话说回来我们最终提高还是要从下大工夫看英文论文开始。提到会看,我想它是有窍门的,个人总结如下: 1、把不同方面的论文分夹存放,在看论文时,对论文必须做到看完后完全明白(你重视的论文);懂得其某部分讲了什么(你需要参考的部分论文),在看明白这些论文的情况下,我们大家还得紧接着做的工作就是把论文中你觉得非常巧妙的表达写下来,或者是你论文或许能用到的表达摘记成本。这个本将是你以后的财富。你写论文时再也不会为了一些表达不符合西方表达模式而烦恼。你的论文也降低了被SCI或大牛刊物退稿的几率。不信,你可以试一试 2、把摘记的内容自己编写成检索,这个过程是我们对文章再回顾,而且是对你摘抄的经典妙笔进行梳理的重要阶段。你有了这个过程。写英文论文时,将会有一种信手拈来的感觉。许多文笔我们不需要自己再翻译了。当然前提是你梳理的非常细,而且中英文对照写的比较详细。 3、最后一点就是我们往大成修炼的阶段了,万事不是说成的,它是做出来的。写英文论文也就像我们小学时开始学写作文一样,你不练笔是肯定写不出好作品来的。所以在此我鼓励大家有时尝试着把自己的论文强迫自己写成英文的,一遍不行,可以再修改。最起码到最后你会很满意。呵呵,我想我是这么觉得的。