广告英语中的文化差异与修辞及其翻译对策毕业论文.doc

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1、广告英语中的文化差异与修辞及其翻译对策 摘 要:广告作为文化的产物,可以更直接的展示语言和文化的差异,它在社会经济发展中扮演着重要的角色,广告英语已经发展成为一种重要的实用文体, 一个成功的译文有助于产品的推销从而给企业带来巨大的财富。如何使广告译文既能胜任广告的各项功能又能为消费者所接受是译者不容忽视的难题。广告作为一种向消费者传达产品信息的应用语言,有着不同于其他文本的文体特征,本文通过实例分析广告英语中常见的文体修辞手法,文化差异,并针对其特色提出运用直译法,意译法和弥补法来达到翻译“信,达,雅”的目的。关 键 词:文化差异;广告英语;文体特征;修辞手法; 引言 广告作为向消费者推销产品

2、、服务或观念的一种营销手段,已经深入到我们现实生活的各个方面。 为了吸引人们的注意力,或刺激消费者购买欲望, 广告人会经常使用多种修辞手法来增强广告的效果。而了解广告英语的语用功能、修辞方法和探索相应的翻译技巧,对于使译文词句优美,生动鲜明,准确传达广告意图,达到商品推销目的有着重要意义。一、文化差异经济发展越快,经济就会月频繁。由于全球经济市场和文化差异无处不有,广告是整个市场的活性成分广告语也充满着文化色彩。因此,一个合格的广告商应该清楚的知道基本文化的差异,他能制造出有竞争性的广告,能够更好的理解,引起观众有购买的欲望。(一)单元论和多元论从文化的基本形式方面来看,中国文化是单元论的观点

3、,而西方文化则是多元论的观点。在中国的传统文化中“自然和人类是统一的”,中国的哲学观点坚持自然和人类的和谐。不同于中国文化,西方文化坚持多元论的观点,它强调的是对事实的变化与差异,自我发展和进取精神。一些中国广告为了满足中国观众的文化心理,创造了完美的广告词,例如:天堂水沏的龙井茶,哇哈哈矿泉水饮料(饮料)天地间造化,动静皆风云(车)这两则广告利用了自然与人的统一,产生了移情于景的印象语,美感的表达吸引了工作的注意力,广告也得到了它理想的效果。广告商使用比喻吧哇哈哈饮料比喻成从天堂来的水,使得普遍的水变得神秘和高贵,如果消费者买这种商品就会觉得它不同寻常。同样,把车置身于天地之间,其广告效果也

4、达到了它相应的效果。英语广告受西方文化多元化的影响更倾向于个人的自由,自我的发展和可创性的能力,它同时也鼓励人们改造世界,征服自然。这些广告使人的自我发展更完善,同时宣传自己产品个性化的观点,他们用西方价值观表达了人们能够改变一切,创造一切的这种观点。广告展示了人们追求自由和自我发展创造未来的信念,满足了消费者的欲望并引起了共鸣。(二)集体主义和个人主义就个人价值观方面来说,中国文化信仰是无私的奉献。个人的价值在于奉献。在中国人的传统文化中博爱是所崇拜的社会价值,对于中国人来说个人利益顺从于集体利益。体谅关心和爱已经成为人们所强调的一种个人状态。但在西方社会文化中,人们强调个性自由,自我发展和

5、个人进取精神。个人利益超越了集体利益。不同的价值观将在广告中以不同的方式来反映。下面的例子就可以来证明,妈妈,我有梦见了村边的小溪,梦见了奶奶,梦见了您。妈妈我给您捎去一样好东西。威力洗衣机,献给妈妈的爱。(威力牌洗衣机)在中国的广告中,我们能找到一种亲切感,引起了共鸣,因此这则广告非常得人性化,表达了对其他人的关爱,呈现出和谐温馨的感觉。宣扬了传统文化,把中国人具有的这种美德付之于产品使得产品值得信奈。相反英国广告强调个人的斗争,个人的自由和自我实现。鼓励个人发展是英国广告的表达方式。LufthansaOur personal service will appeal to your indi

6、vidual taste.(Lufthansa airline)For the man who make his own rules .from johnnic walker(premir whiskey )二、广告英语的修辞特点 (一)夸张(Hyperbole)夸张是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调和增强语言的表达力的一种修辞手法。广告英语常使用夸张,渲染铺饰所推销的商品,使商品的形象更突出。 如东芝笔记本电脑的广告词 Take Toshiba, take the world(东芝在手,世界在握)就使用了夸张修辞格,它让消费者觉得拥有东芝笔记本电脑就能拥有这广阔的世

7、界,也就是说东芝拥有世界一流的电子产品(二)双关(Pun)双关是、广告英语中使用最多的修辞方法,就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥,使读者做出多种解释或理解,从而达到意想不到的效果,它主要以相似的词形,词意和谐音的方式出现。双关可分为homographic pun(语义双关 )和 homophonic pun(谐音双关),前者是利用一词多义现象,而后者则是利用同形异义词,即发音、拼写相同但意义不同,或者发音相同但拼写、意义不同的词来达到双关的效果。只有具备良好的英语词汇基础才能更好的理解双关修辞格。The driver is safer when the road is dry; the

8、 road is safer when the driver is dry.这是一则宣传交通安全的公益广告,可译成“如果路面不湿滑,司机不喝酒,所有的司机都会更安全。 ”其中的“dry ”一词是语义双关,既可指路面干燥不湿滑,也指司机不喝酒。又如被奉为经典的摩尔牌香烟(More)的广告 Ask for More,其中的 More 一般理解为“更多”,但这里也指 More 这个品牌的香烟,所以可以译为“要求更多 More 牌香烟”,这样容易给顾客留下深刻的印象。(三)押韵(Rhyme)广告英语中使用的押韵常为头韵(alliteration)和尾韵(end-rhyme)两种,结构整齐漂亮,音调和谐

9、,琅琅上口,极富节奏感,从而打动消费者, 刺激购物欲望。例如 Hi-Fi, Hi-Fun, Hi-Fashion, only from Sony.(高保真,高乐趣,高时尚,只来自索尼)。在这则广告中,Hi-Fi、Hi-Fun、Hi-Fashion 分别押头韵 Hi 和 f。 而 Go well, use Shell. (美国壳牌公司)这则广告则采用了押尾韵的修辞方法,广告效果也非常明显。(四)拟人(Personification)拟人是指把人类的特点,特性加于外界事物之上,赋予生命,使人读起来亲切生动,使生硬枯燥的事物变得有人情味,以唤起人们内心的反映与感动,给消费者一种亲切感。如 Rolex

10、 手表的广告词为 Unlike me, my Rolex never needs a rest就采用了拟人的修辞格,凸现了该品牌手表走时准确的特点。(五)比喻(Figure of Speech) 比喻也是广告英语中常见的修辞手法,一般包括明喻(Simile)、暗喻(Metaphor)明喻是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现,常用比喻词 like,as 等。运用明喻可以把产品的特征更加直接明了的表现出来,更易于被消费者理解和接受。例如:Light as a breeze, soft as a cloud.这是一种服装的广告词,原文运用明喻,为

11、了突出服装又轻又柔的特点,将其比作微风和浮云,而中文中也有类似的比喻,可译为“轻如风,柔如云”, 广告人通过这样的比喻把衣服的质地感和穿着的舒适感完全传递给了顾客。而暗喻和明喻不同,它不用 like 或者 as 表示出来,而是直接将甲事物当作已事物来描写, 甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似是暗含的,通过乙事物来生动形象地表现出甲事物的特点。比如:Your home is in the air.这是一家航空公司的广告,它把顾客乘坐的飞机比作了家,给顾客一种宾至如归的感觉,让人感觉亲切。三、 广告英语的翻译对策对广告英语的翻译要做到既准确传达了商品信息,又具有汉语言的艺术美感,且能达到广告人推销商品的目

12、的。根据上文对广告英语修辞特点的分析,总结出下面三种翻译方法: (一)直译法(Literal Translation)直译就是将原文所要表达的表层意思和深层意思逐字逐句,一对一忠实地翻译成译入语,保留原文的内容、形式以及句式修辞等。 如比喻、拟人、夸张等属于可译范围的修辞格,在英汉两种语言里都有对应的修辞格。对采用这类修辞格的广告语应该尽可能采取直译。例如前面提到的 Rolex 手表的广告语 Unlike me, my Rolex never needs a rest 采用了拟人的修辞格,我们可直译为:和我不一样,我的劳力士表从不需要休息。 (二)意译法(Meaning Implication

13、)意译的翻译手法较为自由、灵活, 即采用“动态对等”的方法,在翻译过程中考虑目标读者因文化而产生的阅读和理解上的差异, 不拘泥广告原文的形式,适当的就字面意思进行灵活的变动,使译文在表达思想上起到与原文相同的作用。例如如果将高露洁的广告 Good teeth, Good health 直译为 “好牙,好身体”,虽然忠实于原文,却无法体现原文所要传达的使用高露洁牙膏与牙齿好和健康好的因果关系,因而也无法达到广告人的目的。 如果意译为“牙好,身体就好”,即贴合了原文的尾韵修辞,也让消费者明白好牙膏对健康的重要性,准确传达了广告的信息。 (三)弥补法(Compensation)另外还有一些修辞格是不

14、可译的,比如仿拟、谐音等,由于不同语言文化的不对等性,无法通过直译或意译在译入语中找到相同的修辞格,就需要采用弥补法,通过增译、删减、重写等手段,对原文的形式进行弥补,使其不失原文。例 如 这 则 脱 毛 剂 广 告 You can have the smoother, softer, sleeker skin you want now and forever 中, 无法在汉语中找到与原文表达效果相似的头韵修辞格,因此要对原文的形式进行删减,译为:更光滑,更细腻,更亮泽,一旦使用,持久拥有。结束语修辞作为一种增强广告效果,迎合审美需求的手段,在广告英语中被越来越多的使用。而恰到好处地运用各种修

15、辞手法,能增强广告英语语言的生动性、艺术性和感染力,达到更好地传达广告信息的目的。在广告翻译的过程中,译者要根据广告的修辞特点,更好地体现与原文相似的宣传效果。此外,广告翻译有时不只使用一种翻译方法,要综合使用多种方法才能真正达到“信,达,雅”的要求。参考文献1陈思瑾.英语广告中的修辞与翻译J.河南教育学院学报,2009,(4).2冯庆华.实用翻译教程M.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002.3陆全.谈广告汉英翻译的变通J.山东外语教学,2000,(1).4郑翔.接受美学视角下的广告修辞翻译研究J.安徽文学,2009,(9). 致 谢 本论文是在 老师的悉心指导和热情关怀下完成的。 篇一:英语名

16、言警句学习(带中文翻译)英语名言警句a bad conscience is a snake in ones heart.做贼心虚。a bad workman quarrels with his tools.拙匠常怨工具差。a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。a bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk.闻其歌知其鸟,听其言知其人。a blind man who leans against a wall imagines that its the boundary o

17、f the world.坐井观天。absence sharpens love, presence strengthens it.相聚爱益切,离别情更深。a burnt child dreads the fire.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。accidents will happen.天有不测风云。a clean hand wants no washing.身正不怕影子斜。a clear conscience is a soft pillow.问心无愧,高枕无忧。a clear conscience is a sure card.光明磊落,胜券在握。a clear conscience laughs

18、 at false accusations.白日不做亏心事,夜半敲门心不惊。a clear fast is better than a dirty breakfast.宁为清贫,不为浊富。a close mouth catches no flies.病从口入,祸从口出。a cock is valiant on his own dunghill.夜郎自大。同仇敌忾。a contented mind is perpetual feast.知足常乐。actions speak louder than words.事实胜於雄辩。admonish your friends in private, pra

19、ise them in public.在私底下要忠告你的朋友,在公开场合又表扬你的朋友。a fair face may hide a foul heart.人不可貌相。a faithful friend is hard to find.益友难得。a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智。否极泰来。after black clouds, clear weather.否极泰来。after death, the doctor.放马后炮。a good appetite is a good sauce.饥不择食。a good example is t

20、he best sermon.身教胜似言教。好的相貌就是一封推荐的介绍信。a good fame is better than a good face.好的名望胜於好的相貌。a good friend is my nearest relation.良友如近亲。a good marksman may miss.智者千虑,必有一失。a good maxim is never out of season.至理名言不会过时。a good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口,忠言逆耳。a good winter brings a good summer.瑞雪兆丰年。a happy h

21、eart makes a blooming visage.心花怒放,笑逐颜开。a hero is known in the time of misfortune.时势造英雄。a lazy youth, a lousy age.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。ale will make a cat speak.酒后吐真言。a little is better than none.聊胜於无。a little leak will sink a great ship.千丈之堤溃於蚁穴。a little neglect may breed great mischief.小不忍则乱大谋。a little spar

22、k kindles a great fire.星星之火,可以燎原。a little wind kindles, much puts out the fire.适可而止,过犹不及。all covet, all lose.贪多必失。all is fair in war.兵不厌诈。all is not gold that glitters.闪光的东西并不都是黄金。all roads lead to rome.条条道路通罗马。all shall be well, jack shall have jill.有情人终成眷属。all the treasures of the earth would not

23、bring back one lost moment.机会失去不再来,千贯万贯难赎回。all things are easy that are done willingly.做事乐意,诸事容易。all things are obedient to money.有钱能使鬼推磨。a maiden with many wooers often chooses the worst.少女有了许多求婚者往往选中了最差的一个。a man apt to promise is apt to forget.轻诺者易忘。a man can not spin and reel at the same time.一心不

24、能二用。a man cannot whistle and drink at he same time.一心不能二用。a man has two ears and one mouth that he may hear much and speak little.人有两只耳朵一张嘴,就是为了多听少说话。路遥知马力,日久见人心。a man may dig his grave with his teeth.祸从口出。a man may lead a horse to the water, but he cannot make him drink.牵马到河易,强马饮水难。a man may love h

25、is house well without riding on the ridge.有宝何必人前夸。a match will set fire to a large building.星星之火,可以燎原。ambition never dies until there is no way out.不到黄河心不死a miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘,差之千里。among the blind the one-eyed man is king.山中无老虎,猴子称霸王。a near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.远亲

26、不如近邻。an enemys mouth seldom speaks well.狗嘴里吐不出象牙。祸不单行。a new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。an hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在於晨。an old physician, and a young lawyer.医生年老的好,律师年轻的俏。an optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity; a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity. 乐观

27、的人在灾难中看到希望;悲观的人在希望中看到灾难。an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.预防胜於治疗。answer a fool according to his folly.以其人之道,还治其人之身。a penny saved is a penny earned.省钱就是赚钱。apparel makes the man.马靠鞍装,人靠衣装。appearances are deceitful.人不可貌相,海水不可斗量。a road of a thousand miles begins with one step.千里之行始於足下。a ro

28、lling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔,转业不聚财。as a man sows, so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。a secret between more than two is no secret.两人以上知道的秘密就不算秘密。a servant is known by his masters absence.主人不在可以看出仆人的品行来。a silent tongue and true heart are the most admirable things on earth.缄默的嘴,真诚的心,是世界上最令人赞美的东西。a single

29、spark can start a prairie fire.星星之火,可以燎原。a smart coat is a good letter of introduction.人要衣装,佛要金装。a smooth sea never made a skillful mariner.平静的海洋练不出熟练的水手。a sow, when washed; returns to the muck.江山易改,本性难移。as the old cock crows, so doth the young.有其父必有其子。as the touchstone tries gold, so gold tries man

30、.试金石可以试金,正如黄金可以试人。as the tree falls, so shall it lie.自作自受。as they sow, so let them reap.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。a still tongue makes a wise head.智者寡言。a stitch in time saves nine.小洞不补,大洞吃苦。a straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.身正不怕影子斜。a straw shows which way the wind blows.一叶便知秋。a stumble may prevent a f

31、all.小惩大诫。as you make your bed so you must lie on it.自食其果。as you sow you shall mow.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。a tall tree catches the wind.树大招风。a tree is known by its fruit.观其行而知其人。a true friend is known in the day of adversity.疾风知劲草,患难知友情。avarice blinds our eyes.财迷心窍。avarice increases with wealth.越富越贪。a wanderer who

32、 is determined to reach his destination does not fear the rain. 决心赶到目的地,浪汉何惧雨来淋。a watched pot is long in boiling.心急水不沸。a wilful man will have his way.有志者是竟成。a word spoken is an arrow let fly.一言既出,驷马难追。a word spoken is past recalling.一言既出,驷马难追。bad workmen often blame their tools.拙匠常怪工具差。beauty is but

33、 skin-deep.红颜易变。beauty is in the eye of the gazer.情人眼里出西施。beauty lies in lovers eyes.情人眼里出西施。bees that have honey in their mouths have stings in their tails.口蜜腹剑。before gold, even kings take off their hats.有钱能使鬼推磨。beggars cannot be choosers.饥不择食。beggars must be no choosers.饥不择食。塞翁失马,焉知非福。be honest r

34、ather clever.诚实比聪明更要紧。being on sea, sail; being on land, settle.随遇而安。be just to all, but trust not all.要公正对待所有的人,但不要轻信所有的人。believe not all that you see nor half what you hear.眼见的不能全信,耳闻的也不能半信。be slow to promise and quick to perform.不轻诺,诺必果。be swift to hear, slow to speak.多听少说。better an empty purse t

35、han an empty head.宁可钱袋瘪,不要脑袋空。better an open enemy than a false friend.明枪易躲,暗箭难防。better good neighbours near than relations far away. 远亲不如近邻。between the cup and the lip a morsel may slip.功亏一篑。between two stools one falls to the ground.脚踏两头要落空。beware beginnings.慎始为上。big mouthfuls ofter choke.贪多嚼不烂。bi

36、nd the sack before it be full.做事应适可而止。birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚,人以群分。birth is much, but breeding is more.出身固然重要,教养更且重要。bite off more than one can chew.贪多咽不下。bite the hand that feeds one.恩将仇报。bitter pills may have wholesome effects.良药苦口利於病。blind men can judge no colours.不宜问道於盲。blood is t

37、hicker than water.血浓於水。bread is the staff of life.民以食为天。brevity is the soul of wit.言以简洁为贵。bring up a raven and hell pick out your eyes.养虎贻患。burn not your house to rid it of the mouse.投鼠忌器。burnt child dreads the fire.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。business before pleasure.事业在先,享乐在后。business is business.公事公办。by doing we

38、 learn.经一事,长一智。by falling we learn to go safely.吃一堑,长一智。by others faults, wise men correct their own.他山之石,可以攻玉。by reading we eich the mind; by conversation we polish it. 读书可以使我门的思想充实,谈话使其更臻完美。篇二:英语名言名句(带翻译)1. the first step is as good ashalf over. 第一步是最关键的一步。2. you never know your luck. 命运好坏不由己。3. t

39、he wealth of the mind is theonly wealth. 精神的财富是唯一的财富。4. you cant judge a tree by itsbark. 人不可貌相。5. bad times make a good man. 艰难困苦出能人。6. there is no royal road tolearning. 求知无坦途。7. doubt is the key to knowledge.怀疑是知识的钥匙。 8. wasting time is robbing oneself.浪费时间就是掠夺自己。9. the best hearts are always the

40、bravest. 心灵最高尚的人,也总是最勇敢的人。10. good is good, but bettercarries it. 精益求精,善益求善。11. honesty is the best policy. 诚实为上策12. conceit is the quicksand ofsuccess. 自负是成功的流沙。 13. he that makes a good war makesa good peace. 正义的战争创造持久的和平。14. it is easy to be wise after theevent. 事后诸葛亮容易当。 15. he that makes a thin

41、g too fine,breaks it. 做事过于苛求,反把事情弄坏。16. the world is his who enjoys it.活着感到快乐,世界就属于你。 17. laugh and grow fat. 心宽体胖。 18. he is rich that has few wants.寡欲者富。19. truth and roses have thornsabout them.真理和玫瑰,身旁都有刺。 20. all things are difficult beforethey are easy.万事开头难。 21. where there is life, there ish

42、ope.留得青山在,不怕没柴少。 22. keep conscience clear,thennever fear.问心无愧,永无畏惧。 23. when youre good to others,youare best to yourself.善待他人,即是最善待自己。 24. nothing so popular as goodness.最受欢迎的是善行。25. the sun never repents of theand daugher美德和幸福犹如母女。27. tall mankind are beholden tohim that is kind to the good.行善者,人

43、人铭记之。28. its the easiest thing in theworld for a man to deceive himself.自欺是世上最易之事。 29. an old man in a house is a goodsign.家中有老是一个好迹象。 30. how few there are who havecourage enough to own their faults.or resolution enough to mend them!承认并改正错误,需要有足够的勇气和决心。31. if you do what you shouldnot,you must hear

44、 what you would not.若做了不应做之事,则必然会听见不愿听之语。32. initiative is doing the rightthing without being told.主动性就是在没有人告诉时做正确的事情。33. think twice before acting.三思而后行。34. the water that bears the boat isthe same that swallows it up.水能载舟,亦能覆舟。35. all roads lead to rome.行行出状元。36. the early bird catches the worm.捷足

45、先登。37. whatever you go, go with allyour heart.无论做什么事,一定要全力以赴。38. never put off until tomorrowwhat may be done today.没有尝试,就没有成功。39. hope for the best,prepare forthe worst.好处着想,坏处准备。 40. great hope makes great man.伟大的思想造就伟大的人。41. when in rome, do as the romansdo.入乡随俗。42. knowledge is a measure, butpra

46、ctise is the key to it.知识是珍宝,而实践是获取它的钥匙。 43. lost time is never found again.光阴一去不复返。44. difficulties strengthen themind, as labour does the body.劳动强体,磨难强智。塞翁失马,焉知非福。46. all for one, one for all.我为人人,人人为我。47. treat other people as you hopethey will treat you.己所不欲,勿施于人。48. he laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最美。49. follow your own course, and letpeople talk.走自己的路,让别人说去吧。50. confidence is a plant of slowgrowth.信任是一种生长缓慢的植物。 51. if you trust before you try, youmay repent before you die.不经考验就依赖,不到瞑目便的悔。 52. adversity successfullymerit and lost without fault.无

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