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1、大学英语听力提高对策初探The Ways of Improving Students Ability in College English Listening TeachingAbstractA number of people have frequently made the point that the total time and individual engage in communication approximately 9 of which is devoted to writing 16to reading 30to speaking and 45to listening It
2、 is therefore undoubtedly the case that listening should be given more attention in language teaching But in the foreign languages learning process the people generally feel that it is difficult to foster and improve ones listening ability But the author thinks that these are closely relative to the
3、 complication of listening itself the language knowledge and skill of the listeners and Chinese traditional teaching model But from the investigation the author can see that listeners difficulties mainly present in following aspects 1 The listener cannot follow the speed of the speakers 2 The listen
4、ers cannot get the main ideas of the material 3 The listeners are lack of certain memory techniques 4 The listeners understanding is beyond the material Therefore take this as the topic to make to solve these problems the author proposes some listening skills in pronunciation grammar vocabulary back
5、ground knowledge note and so on and the goal is to provide some methods of English listening teaching for English teachers and to help the listeners to improve their listening comprehensionKey WordsEnglish listening problems solutions摘 要据统计听说读写在人们的语言使用中各占的时间比重一般是听45说30读16写9由此可见听力的重要性然而在外语的学习过程中人们又普遍
6、感觉听力培养和提高的艰难性作者认为这与听力本身所涉及因素的复杂性听者所掌握的语言知识和所具备的技能及我国传统的外语教学模式密切相关而由调查所知听者的困难主要体现在跟不上速度抓不住要点缺乏连贯的记忆能力听不进等几方面因此以此为题加以研究试图从听力与语音语法词汇背景知识笔记等几方面探讨目的是提供一些办法给英语教师和帮助听者提高他们的听力理解能力关键词英语听力 问题 对策IntroductionWith the numerous countries entry into WTO the future world economy will realize the integration and thi
7、s also requests the language integration namely in the worldwide scale so an international language is needed and English is such a kind of language It is hard to improve ones English listening comprehension though according to the foreign language study 45 information is obtained from listening 30
8、from speaking 16 from reading and 9 from writing These data show that English listening plays an important role in English learning Moreover the author knows from the investigation and study that many people already begin to use modern teaching device such as the broadcast television radio cassette
9、player VCD computer and other multimedia tools to train their listening ability It is difficult to learn English listening for many students When they begin to listen to English they will get muddled as soon as they look at the transcription Therefore some people feel worried about it and they do no
10、t know how to practice English listening on the other hand although some students have already practice it for a long time their achievement is very little because the teachers have not told them the knack of listening training which results in students losing confidence in it and even give up halfw
11、ayIn the history of listening teaching examination listening was regarded as a passive skill all the time Since 1970s listening was treated as a skill correctly used in the teaching Therefore it was said that listening teaching was taken for granted after several years experiment and demonstration I
12、t is considered that it is not essential and important link in English teaching until recent yearThese experts made plenty of practices and proofs on listening teaching and its function But with the development of society listening teaching will be further developed especially when English and Chine
13、se are not belonging to the identical language system and there are many differences in pronunciation intonation vocabulary sentence structure which will inevitably bring great barriers to Chinese studentsThe purpose of this paper is to provide some methods of English listening teaching for English
14、teachers and to help the listeners to improve their listening comprehension The author makes a brief analysis on the listening comprehension process characteristics of the listening process the common listening barriers and reasons and ways of improving students listening ability in pronunciation gr
15、ammar vocabulary background knowledge note and so on This article is the authors superficial understanding of the teaching practice and research so the author attempts to invite experts to give advice on the course Because the English listening teaching just only starts there are many insufficiency
16、in teaching it needs further consummate and enhancement At the same time it also sincerely appealed that there are more and better listening materials that suit students and teachers being publishedThe author often heard these questions involved in the listening teaching process such as Why the list
17、ening comprehension level is difficult to improve How the students improve the level of listening comprehension These questions are not easy to deal with because listening is a process that complicated perceptual knowledge is needed Especially as a college student they must take part in some exams a
18、nd the listening is the most important part in these exams So it is seems that the listening is very important The listening fostering is one of the basic trainings that contain listening speaking and reading writing and translating Rivers and Timperley 1978 indicated in A Practical Guide to the Tea
19、ching of English In the peoples mutual communication listening and understanding what other people said is the most important A number of people have frequently made the point that of the total time and individual is engage in communication approximately 9 of which is devoted to writing 16to reading
20、 30to speaking and 45to listening undoubtedly it is therefore the case that listening should be given more attention in language teaching Wang Qiang2000 But in the foreign language learning process people also feel the difficulty of listening fostering and improvement The author thinks that these ar
21、e closely related to the complication of listening itself the language knowledge and skill of the listeners and Chinese traditional teaching model I Listening Comprehension ProcessNoam Chomsky 1960 thinks that people in the entire of using languages experience these processes recognition analysis by
22、 synthesisunderstanding Likewise listening is a kind of complicated process that people use language knowledge common sense special knowledge and analysis by synthesis ability to receive analyze comprehend summary choose remember and other activities by enthusiastic and initiative attitude To put it
23、 briefly this process can be divided into three periods namely the stage of the language receiving the stage of comprehension the stage of general cognitionA The Stage of the Language ReceivingThe stage of the language receiving is the first step of the listening comprehension In this stage listener
24、s mainly identify some characters from objective languages pronunciation syntax and meaning of a word and then receive as well as analyze this information For example English pronunciation contains 49 phone English words constitute of one or some phone according to regular law A word that more than
25、two syllables has the voiceless or accent Constituted by the word a sentence has continuous and risingfalling tone but the word stress and the intonation can also express speakers different emotion hue communication aim and so on As to syntax every language often has its own syntax law that is diffe
26、rent from other languages When receiving information listeners often use these laws such as words and some restrictions and hypothesizes that different from other languages to arrange and analyze this information Moreover the change of various sorts of style should be paid attention In China listeni
27、ng material can be divided into three species dialogue genre narrative genre and news body It can be changed because of the different speaker status context and theme These changes make the language its personality Being familiar with these different language characters will help the listener unders
28、tand the informationB The Stage of ComprehensionComprehension is a complicated and multi-gradation process It is not only a process that distinguishes pronunciation word and sentence to comprehend the whole article but also a process requests the coherence in the beginning and the ending think over
29、and over again and a deep understand In this stage it demands listeners to take part in analyzing solving choosing and reconstructing activities about analysis by synthesis According to contexts relation listeners seize the key words that transmit message and infer or hypothesis these information he
30、ard by using logic and comprehensive analysis way The listener will make all kinds of prediction according to the material and languages and contentsC The Stage of General CognitionThe main task of this stage is to analyze choose and arrange the information that heard and kept in the short-term memo
31、ry and then keep in the long-term memory for accumulating the knowledge in listening channel At this time because the listeners capacity of the short-term memory are limited and easy to be disturbed by other factors with the aid of some notes the listener then can seize arrange and rememberLandolfi
32、1984 thinks that people can show the step of the listening comprehension process by the graphverbal non-verbal inputshort-term memoryselection of the main ideagist corelong-term memoryIn a word listening is not a simply psychological process that absorbs the sign of sound But it is quite a complicat
33、ed and multi-gradation of the psychological process The listener should not only master the three elements pronunciation syntax vocabulary of the language but also need a certain degree of comprehension and general cognitive ability It needs to be pointed out the three periods of listening comprehen
34、sion as a whole either is indispensable or can be alternated So it is impossible to make a clear distinction between them and it is not scientific The reason why divide them perfectly is for the convenience of analysis and comprehension Characteristics of the Listening ProcessFrom the previous secti
35、on the listeners have seen that there is a great variety of situations where they need to listen to English It is important to understand the characteristics or processes behind these listening situations so that the teachers can design appropriate activities to students develop effective listening
36、strategiesGenerally speaking listening in real life has the following characteristics Ur 1996 A SpontaneityWhile some of the things that the listeners listen to be rehearsed eg radio news television news and shows movies theater and some formal lectures most of the time during an average day the listeners listen to people speaking spontaneously and informally