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1、中国社会科学院2003年博士研究生入学考试试题PART Vocabulary (15 points)Section A Directions: Choose the word that is the closest synonym to the underlined word.1. In the early 20th century, at the advent of the telephone, it was considered a superfluous instrument which would never be of practial use in the average hous
2、ehold.A. appearance B. popularity C. dominance D. consolidation2. The judge remained sober despite the lawyers ludicrous attempt to prove the defendants innocence.A. sad B. sorry C. serious D. surprised3. A pervasive negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cau
3、se of the delay of signing the contract.A. perpetual B. pernicious C. preventive D. prevalent4. Helen could not help feeling antipathy toward her fathers new wife whom he married just two months after the death of Helens mother.A. sympathy B. concession C. compassion D. hostility5. California seems
4、to be the home of the homeless since many are often observed tramping along railroad tracks and through the downtown areas of the cities.A. roaming B. trimming C. stealing D. stamping6. On Christmas Eve in America the shopping malls are saturated with shoppers in a frantic competition for last minut
5、e gifts.A. bustled B. soared C. filled D. broadened7. The blunder of Argentinas goalie cost them the game in the match against Brazil.A. triumph B. beat C. mistake D. struggle8. The child was so ingenuous that even when she knocked the television off its stand so that it was irreparably damaged, her
6、 parents thought her to be charming.A. intelligent B. ingenious C. adroi D. naive9. The low interest rates on banks loans provided an impetus for many to buy homes.A. incentive B. obstade C. reason D. delay 10. It was an allusion to what the scientist thought was an inappropriate distribution of fun
7、ds for stem sell research.A. reference B. contradiction C. explanation D. rejection 11. Tim is dubious about diet pills which advertise quick weigh loss.A. anxious B. pessimistic C. doubtful D. ignorant 12. If the salesmen are not given tangible benefits for a high volume of sales, they will loose t
8、heir motivation.A. substantial B. psychological C. spiritual D. profitable 13. Many people in Wales have an affinity with music.A. reputation for B. solubility in C. tincture in D. attraction to 14. His talent for music remained latent until his wife bought him a guitar.A. hidden B. sophisticated C.
9、 delicate D. profound 15. A rapid portfolio turnover rate may preclude low long-term capital gains.A. prohibit B. lag C. prevent D. reject Section B Directions: Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.16. He was_ with the deadly disease when he was 14, and has suffered with it for 10 year
10、s.A. induced B. inflicted C. inserted D. integrated 17. Every person on the sales team is_ because they work together well.A. incompatible B. incredible C. indefinite D. indispensable 18. The secretary wants to_ all the file clerks to make preparations for the company Christmas party.A. enlighten B.
11、 enlist C. enable D. enclose 19. To be a successful criminal, one must be_.A. empirical B. emigrant C. elegant D. elusive 20. The low operating costs of the foreign company will_ the high labor costs the business pays in its own country.A. offend B. obstruct C. oblige D. offset 21. Despite the fact
12、that they were_ when they married, after 30 years they live together harmoniously.A. contradictory B. incompatible C. contrary D. compatible 22. Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico, Maria was almost required to pay taxes in both countries until her accountant_ with a sati
13、sfactory solution for both countries.A. intercepted B. interacted C. interpreted D. intervened 23._ was given by the committee to all of those who donated money.A. Recognition B. Attention C. Tribute D. Acknowledge ment 24. Most of the waiters are_ in their work because the owner of the restaurant d
14、oes not pay them on time.A. rack B. tack C. slack D. stack 25. It was their_ decision to leave their country, and as a result, they lost their citizenship.A. compulsory B. deliberate C. carefree D. modest 26. She_ scarlet fever when she was a baby and lost her eyesight.A. distorted B. contracted C.
15、subtracted D. distracted 27. She is_ to sprain her ankle because it is weak from 3 previous pains.A. prone B. disposed C. bound D. destined 28. Little boys seem to enjoy_ train sets more than little girls.A. capture B. departure C. fixture D. miniature 29. Many skiers_ around the fire and drink hot
16、chocolate in the evenings.A. pad B. pack C. squeeze D. cluster 30.A stateless young man may have felt_ after having been denied asylum and right of residence by many countries.A. intrigued B. initiated C. indicated D. intimidated PART Grammar (15 points)Section A Directions: Choose the letter that i
17、ndicates the error in the sentence.31. There was a pause of complete stillness which the buzzing of the bees among the pink A BCroses sounded as loud as the fight of an aircraft.D32. This discrepancy was intriguing to Alfred Wegener , a young geologist working in Greeland ABin 1910. He thought the e
18、rror too great to be accounted easily.C D33. From such data Wegener developed his floating continents theory. He envisioned an original Asuper continent that crystallized of molten material making up the infant earth, eventually theBC mass cracked and broke into several pieces-the present continents
19、.D34. The subject may be approached in several directions, but the scene cannot be fully ABappreciated from any one vantage point.CD35. When we think of creative people the names that probably spring to mind ABare those of men such as Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso, great artists, inventors and Csci
20、entists a selective and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius.D36. A favorite story among acoustic experts concerns with a noisy Long Island suburb where, ABCeveryday and night, huge trucks rumbled down a freeway.D37. Though the wide universe is full of good, kernel of nourish
21、ing corn can come to man Aonly through his own toil bestowed that plot of ground which is given him to till. BCD38. Society is a joint-stock company, in which the members agree, for the better securing of AB Cbreadfor each shareholder, to surrender to the liberty and culture of each individual.DSect
22、ion BDirections: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.39. The economic forces which may affect the new public offering of stock include sudden downturns in the market, hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses, _ the interest rates in Washington, and_ undercapitalized.A.
23、loosingfearing the company may still beB. looseninga fearing of the company still beingC. a loosening offear that company may still beD. a loosening ofa fear that the company may still be40. School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central-city areas have contributed, accord
24、ing to a recent study, to_ any future need for busing.A. significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn, reducesB. significant integration increases in housing, which, in turn, reducesC. increases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reducesD. increases housing integratio
25、n significantly, which, in turn, reduce41. _ in the United States_.A. Three out of every four automobile ownersalso own a bicycleB. Out of every four, three automobile ownersalso owns a bicycleC. Three out of every four automobile ownersowns bicyclesD. Out of every four owners of automobilesbicycles
26、 are also owned by three42. The relationship between corpulence and disease remains controversial, although statistics clearly _ reduced life expectancy _ chronic obesity.A. associate a toB. associates a withC. associates a toD. associate a with43. For many travelers, charter vacations often turn ou
27、t to cost considerably more than_.A. they originally seemed B. they originally seem toC. they seemingly would cost originallyD. they seemed originally44. _a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending its coasts from rising seas than_.A. In Holland, it costs the spending on military
28、 defense in the United StatesB. In Holland they spend he United States does on military defenseC. Holland spends the military defense spending of the United StatesD. Holland spendsthe United States does on military defense45. Distinguished architecture requires the expenditure of large sums of money
29、, even if it is by no means certain_ the expenditure of large sums of money_ distinguished architecture.A. that produce B. ofwill produce C. thatproduces D. as toproducingPART READING COMPREHENSIONG (30 points)Directions: Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below.Passage1An
30、 important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functi
31、onal analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place,
32、 it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon othersthe effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has “committed perjury,”we are not told what he has actually said.“Robbe
33、ry” and“assault” do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentionedin perjury the lack of customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assaul
34、t the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its c
35、odification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain acti
36、ons which in turn“rule”behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject
37、of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or“enforce” contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must the
38、n carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is“not under man but under law” have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codificati
39、on does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.46. In the development of a governement agency, _.A. The standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgmentB. the function of law is importantC.
40、the study of ordinance is the most importantD. practice is more important than criterion47. One of the prominent characteristics of a law is_.A. the result on the individuals behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercisedB. the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental ag
41、encyC. the result of a behavior on ordinary citizensD. both A and B48. What does the example“committed perjury” illustrate?A. The law will examine closely what the individual said in court.B. It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on others.C. Behavi
42、or which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by law.D. Both B and C49. The other distinguishing trait of the law is_.A. punishment is carried out by the courts at all levelsB. rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to inc
43、rease government controlC. a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by natureD. any governmental reinforcement50. Why are laws formed?A. Laws are made before a contingencyB. Laws are made after a contingency C. A contingency always happens before a law is approved and pass
44、edD. Laws are passed to stand thetest of timeand are applicable to other similar circumstances in the future51. How does codification of the laws affect governmemtal agents?A. The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectivelyB. Government agencies have to compromise with factual condi
45、tionsC. Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefitD. Laws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudencePassage2If income is transferred from rich persons to poor persons the proportion in which different sorts