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1、八年级上册知识点清理Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?1,一般过去时基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他;否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原动词;一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+其他?Did+主语+动词原形+其他?2,动词过去式规则变化:直接加ed;以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d;以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed;以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed;以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed不规则变化的动词过去式(见书本最后一页)3,goonvacation去度假beonvacation在度假4,anyone任何人,只用于指人,一
2、般用在否定句、疑问句中,后面不接of短语。做主语时位于动词用单数。Eg(example given):Isthereanyoneathome?anyone任何一个,指人或物,后面接of短语。Eg:Youcantakeanyoneofthesebooks.5,adj修饰不定代词后置anythingspecialsomethingimportantenough作adv,修饰adj/adv后置oldenoughfastenoughelse作adj,修饰疑问代词和不定代词后置whatelsewhoelsesomethingelse6,quiteafew/little相当多7,How/whatabout
3、+V-ing/n/代词.怎么样?(表建议、询问)8,moststudents=mostofthestudents“oneof+themost+adj+n复数” 表示“最之一”Eg:HeisoneofthemostfamouswritersinChina.Amost+adj+n非常 Eg:Hangzhouisamostbeautifulcity.9,buy/getsbsth=buy/getsthforsb10,whatdoyouthinkof/about.?=howdoyoulike.?你认为怎么样?11,havefun,enjoyoneself,haveagood/great/wonderfu
4、ltime+V-ing,12,主语+seem+(tobe)+表语(n/adj)eg:Tomseemstobeasmartboy/happy.Itseemsthat从句 eg: Itseemsthatheunderstands.主语+seemtodosth eg: Heseemstounderstand.13,adj以-ing结尾“令人.的”exciting,interesting,relaxing,boring以-ed结尾“人感到.的”excited,interested,relaxed,bored14,询问价格:Howmuchis.?Whats thepriceof.?表示价格高低:.bee
5、xpensive/cheapThepriceof.ishigh/low15,getto,arrivein/at,reach,到达(如果后面接地点的副词home,here或there,就不用介词in,at,to)16,decide(not)tododecidethat从句decide+疑问词+不定式17,try(not)todosth尽力trydoingsth尝试try/doonesbesttodosthtryiton试穿(动副结构) tryout试验 haveatry试一试18,feellike感觉像feellikedoingsth/wanttodosth/wouldliketodosth19
6、,alotof=lotsof=plentyof20,inthepast在过去21,enjoy/likedoing22,感叹句:How+adj+主谓!How+adj+a/an+n单+主谓! What+a/an+adj+n单+主谓!What+adj+n复/不可数+主谓!23,morethan=over超过lessthan少于moreorless或多或少24,waitfor等待25, toomany“太多”修饰可数名词复数toomuch“太多”修饰不可数名词muchtoo“实在太”修饰形容词或副词26,because+从句becauseof+n/V-ing/代词27,enough作adj修饰n,en
7、oughtimeenoughmoneyhaveenough.todostheg: Ihaveenoughtimetofinishthework.enough作adv修饰adj/advoldenoughfastenough.enoughforsbtodostheg:Thejobiseasyenoughformetodo.Not.enoughtodo Thebook isnt easyenoughformetoread.Tooto.Thebookistoodifficultformetoread. So.thatThebookissodifficultthatIcantread.28,thenex
8、tday第二天29,remember/forget +todo要做 remember/forget +doing做过30, Stopsbfromdoingsth阻止Stoptodo停下来去做其他事 Stopdoing停止正在做的事31,anothertwohours=twomorehours32,atthetopof 在.顶端,名列.之前 强调点onthetopof 在.上面 强调面33,findout查明,弄清find找到(结果)lookfor寻找(过程)34,goonwith/doingsth继续原来的事goontodosth继续做别的事35,so+adj+that+结果状语从句.如此以致
9、.eg:IwassobusythatIdidnt gotosleepfor3days.sothat引导目的状语从句,以便,为了(inorderto)eg:theygotupearlysothattheycouldcatchtheearlybus.so+adj+(a/an+n单数)that ItissoimportantameetingthatIcant missit.such+a/an+adj+n单数+thatItissuchanimportantmeetingthatIcant missit.such+adj+n复数/不可数+thatUnit2Howoftendoyouexercise?1,
10、How如何(方式)howlong多长(时间)答语常用.(For/about+)时间段. howfar多远(距离)答语常用“(Its+)数词+miles/meters/kilometers”howoften多久一次(频率)答语常用“Always/often/everyday/“”.或“次数+时间”等表频率的状语Howsoon多快,多久以后,常用在将来时中。答语常用“in+时间段”howmany多少(接可数名词)howmuch(接不可数名词)2,exercise 作v锻炼,运动作c操,练习domorning/eyeexercises作uc锻炼takemuch/moreexercise3,at+钟点
11、at7oclockatnoon/atnight(during/intheday)atthis/thattimeattheageofon+具体某天、星期、特指的一天、纪念日、节日onApril1stonSundayonacoldwintermorning onTeachersDayin+上午、下午、晚上、年、月、季节、年代、世纪inthemorning/afternoon/evening in1999 inAugustinautumn in1960s inthe21stcentury4, helpsb(to)dosthhelpsbwithsthwithsbshelp=withthehelpofs
12、b5,do(the)housework=dochores6,频度副词(行前be后)Always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never7,sometimes有时(频度副词)sometime(将来)有朝一日,(曾经)某天Sometimes几次,几倍sometime一段时间(前面用介词for)8,goshopping=dosomeshopping9,oncetwicethreetimes10,atonce,rightnow,rightaway,inaminute,inamoment,innotime立刻,马上oncemore再一次,重新onceupo
13、natime从前,曾经11,everyday每天everyday日常的,每天的12,ontheinternet13,whatsyourfavoriteprogram?=whatprogramdoyoulikebest?14,free空闲的inones freetimebefree自由的 asfreeasafishfreedomn.自由免费的Thebestthingsinlifearefree.15,befull=bebusy忙的bebusydoingsth/bebusywithsthbefullof充满eg:Thebottleisfullofmilk.16,Howcome?怎么会?为什么?17
14、,maybe为情态动词+动词原形,在句子中做谓语,maybe是副词,表示可能,大概,一般放在句首(perhaps)。18,stayupdoingsth熬夜做某事19, stay/keephealthybeingood/bad/poorhealthbegood/badfor ones health20,atleast=nolessthanatmost=nomorethan21,asksbaboutsthasksb(not)todosthasksbforhelp/advice/information22,theresultof.的结果asaresult结果23,besurprisedthat/be
15、surprisedat/besurprisedtodo对很惊讶To ones surprise另某人惊讶的是insurprise惊讶地24,theanswertothequestion,akeytothedoor,atickettotheballgame25,although=though(与but不能连用)Eventhough/if即使,尽管asthough/if仿佛,好像26,by介词+n/v-ing/代词通过方式byoneself独自地bytheway顺便问/说一下bychance/accident偶然地bymistake错误地learnbyheart记住27,thebestway/ti
16、metodo做某事最好的方式/时间28,4个花费:人+spend/spends/spent+时间/钱+(in)doingsth/onsthspendtimewithsb人+pay/pays/paid+钱+forsthIttakes/tooksb+时间+todosth物+cost/costs/cost+sb+钱29,diev.死亡,消失died过去式deadadj死亡的,无生命的deaddoghave/hasbeendeadfor=died.agodyingadj垂死的,快死的deathn死亡thedeathof.30,before its toolate趁来得及31,“数字+percentof
17、+n”作主语,谓语动词取决于nEg:Twentypercentofthestudentsexerciseeveryday.Twentypercentoftimepasses.32,noone=nobody指人,回答who,anyone,anybody的提问None指人或物,可接of短语,(all3)回答howmany/much,any,及有特定范围(which)的提问nothing指物,回答what,anything的提问Unit3Immoreoutgoingthanmysister.1, 比较级,最高级变化规则一般在词尾+er或est;以e结尾的加r或st;重读闭音节双写辅音字母+er或es
18、t;辅音字母+y结尾的,改y为i+er或est;多音节词和部分双音节词,加more或most。不规则变化见书本P1142,比较级用法基本句型:主语+be+比较级+than+比较对象两者相比较用比较级eg:Whodoyouthinkismoreoutgoing,LilyorLucy?Very,more,quite,so,too等修饰原级;much,alittle,alot,abit,far,even等修饰比较级eg:Immuch/alittle/alot/abit/farmoreoutgoingthanmysister.Imevenworsenow.l不能与人或事物自身相比较eg:Heistal
19、lerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.比较对象要一致(that代替不可数名词,those代替可数名词复数,所有格,ones)eg:TheweatherinHarbinismuchcolderthanthatinWuhan. ThestudentsofClassOnestudyharderthanthoseofClassTwo.MybikeisnewerthanToms.比较级中出现ofthetwo/twins结构时,adj比较级前要+the,不可用thanEg:Tomisthetalleroft
20、hetwobrothers.“get/become+比较级+and+比较级”表示“变得越来越.”(多音节或部分双音节用“moreandmore+原级)Eg: Itgetswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.Youregettingmoreandmorebeautiful.“the+比较级the+比较级”表示“越就越”Eg: Themoreyouexercise,thestrongeryouwillbe.l“As.as”中间接原级,表示“与.一样”,否定为“notas/so.as”表示“不如”Heisastallashisfather. Heisnotas/sotall
21、ashisfather.“比较级+than”.(more/less+原级+than)与“notas/so.as.可以互换Eg:Imtallerthanyou.ChineseismoreimportantthanBiology.Youreshorterthanme.BiologyislessimportantthanChineseYourenotas/sotallasme.Biologyisnotas/soimportantasChinesel比.大/多/长/宽几倍,用.主语+be+.times+比较级+than+比较对象.Eg:Ourclassroomistwicelargerthanyour
22、s.重几斤,高几公分,大几岁.,用.主语+be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象.Eg: Imsixyearsolderthanyou.3,loudly大声地,响亮地(多含噪音之意) aloud大声地,出声地(强调出声)readaloudcallaloudforhelploud 大声地,高声地,常与speak,shout,laugh,talk连用响亮的,大声的loudvoice4,fast强调速度快run/drivefastquickly强调动作、行动快soon强调时间间隔短5,competition体育,书法,朗读,音乐等比赛match体育竞技比赛,球类比赛 race速度方面的竞赛,赛跑,
23、赛龙舟等6,win+比赛,奖项beat+人,团队7,ago以前,用于一般过去时,放在一段时间后 before在.以前,通常用于完成时,放在时间点或事件之前8,thesameasbedifferentfrombesimilarto=belike9,begoodat+V-ing=dowellin擅长于 begoodfor对.有益(bebadfor对.有害) begoodto对.友好(good可用friendly,nice,kind替换)begoodwith和.相处好=geton/alongwellwith10,true/truly指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符real/really指
24、人或事客观存在,不是想象的11,takecareof=lookafter照顾carefor照料、关心某人,喜欢某人、某物careabout关心,计较,在乎12,makesbdosthmakesb/sth+adjmakemehappymakesb+n.Wemadehimmonitor.makesb+过去分词Shespokealoudtomakeherselfheard.makeit约定时间,做成某事,及时抵达Letsmakeitat10:00.Dontworry.Hellmakeit.13,both位置:行前be后bothofthem/us=they/webothboth作主语,谓语动词用复数n
25、otboth为部分否定,全部否定要用either.not或者neitherboth.and.=notonly.but(also).否定为:neither.nor14,bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎bepopularin/at在某地受欢迎15,itis+adj+forsb+todosth(adj修饰todosth)ItisimportantformetolearnEnglish.itis+adj+ofsb+todosth(adj修饰sb)Itiskind/friendly/niceofyoutohelpme.16,bringout使显现出17,sharesthwithsb和某人分享18
26、,other.其他的,另外的.,后接名词复数,有时other+n复数=othersanother.又一(个),另一(个).,泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个,后接名词单数。theother.(两者中的)另一个.,常与one连用,.one.theother.表示.一个.,另一个.19,heartlearnsthbyheart用心记loseheart灰心20,breakthelaw/rules/worldrecord违法/违规/打破世界纪录Breakoff打断breakawayfrom摆脱,脱离breakinto破门而入breakin插嘴Breakdown出故障breakout爆发breaku
27、p散火breakoneswords食言Haveabreak/rest休息会儿21,laugh发笑laughat嘲笑Smile微笑smileat对.微笑22,定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。定语从句的关系词引导定语的关系代词有:that,who(whom,whose),which;关系副词(在定语从句中只能作状语,且不能省略)有:when,where,why等。关系词的选择主要取决于两个因素:(1)先行词是什么(2)先行词在定语从句中作什么
28、成分。 关系代词(that,who,which,whose,whom)引导的定语从句。 that/who在从句中作主语,先行词为人。Eg:Thegirlthat/whoisreadingismysister. that/which在从句中作主语或宾语,先行词为物。Eg:Thebookthat/whichisonthedeskbelongstoTom.(主)Hecamebackforthebookthat/whichhehadforgotten.(宾)whose在从句中作定语,先行词为人或物。Eg:Thisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken. Thatisthegirlw
29、hosemotherdiedtwoyearsago.whom/that在从句中作宾语,先行词为人。Eg:Thegirlwhom/thatIspoketoismycousin.关系副词(when/where/why)引导的定语从句。When在从句中作时间状语,其先行词是表示时间的词(day/year/season等)。例如:我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。Ishallneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.解放军战士在人们最需要的时刻来到。ThePLAmencomeatthetime_thepeopleneedthemmost.Where在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行
30、词是表示地点的词(place/town/home/house)例如:你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗?Doyoustillremembertheplace_wefirstmet?近来你去过你成长的小城吗?Haveyoubeentothetown_yougrewuprecently? Why在从句中作原因状语,其先行词是reason。例如:没有人知道他为什么上学总迟到。Nobodyknowsthereason_heisoftenlateforschool23,callsbat+电话号码24,information【UC】通过学习、阅读、观察等得到的信息、情报、资料(侧重内容)news【UC】广播、电
31、视等报道的新闻、消息(强调新鲜、及时)apieceofnewsmessagemessage【C】口信、短信、信息(强调传递)takeamessageforsbleaveamessagetosb25,whodoyouthinkshouldgetthejob?=inyouropinion,hoshouldgetthejob?Unit4Whatsthebestmovietheater?1,最高级的用法用于三者或三者以上的比较eg:Whichdoyoulikebest,Chinese,MathorEnglish?.oneof+最高级+n.复数.表示.最.之一.Eg:LuXunisoneofthegre
32、atestwriterslastcentury.the+序数词+最高级+n.单数+范围.表示.在.范围内.是第几.Eg:HainanisthesecondlargestislandinChina.先行词被最高级或序数词修饰,只能用that引导定语从句Eg:Mycousinisthefunniestperson(that)Iknow.Thisisthefirstletter(that)Ireceivedfrommysister.Ofall+n.复数;ofthe+数(3)+n.复数;in/at+地点2,Comfortv.使舒适,安慰comfortableadj.舒适的(uncomfortable)
33、comfortablyadv.舒适地3, Voice嗓音(说话声、歌声、笑声、鸟鸣声)inalowvoice小声地Noise杂音Sound任何可以听到的声音4,becloseto靠近5,choose-chosechoosefrom从.中选择choosetodosth选择做某事6,CanIaskyousome/afewquestions?7,Welcometo+地点8,Sofar=untilnow=uptonow至今为止9,Around/nearhere=intheneighborhood10,thanksfor+n/V-ingThanksforyourhelp/thanksforhelping
34、me.Thanksforyourinvitation/thanksforinviting/askingme.Thankyou/ThanksNoproblem/Yourewelcome/Thatsallright/Notatall/Itsapleasure/Mypleasure/ThatsOK.11,talentn.天资,才能talentedadj.有天赋的(untalented)Haveatalentfor(doing)sth.对(做)某事有天赋12,aroundtheworld=allovertheworld13,have.incommon有相同特征incommonwith同.一样14,Ki
35、ndof相当于副词,修饰形容词或副词,意为.稍微,有点.,与alittle/bit相近Akindof意为.一种.,somekindsof意为.几种.,differentkindsof意为.不同种类的.,allkindsof意为.各种各样的.。这里的kind是.种,类,属.的意思。15,andsoon等等16,beupto是.的职责,由.决定beuptosbtodosth应由某人做某事17,playarole/partindoingsth在.中扮演角色,在.中发挥作用,有影响18,部分否定:all,both,everyone,everybody,everything,everywhere,eve
36、ry,each,always等与not连用表示部分否定。全部否定:allnone,bothneither,everyonenoone/nobody/notanyone,everythingnothing/notanything,everyno,alwaysnever19,makeup编造(故事、谎言)20,takeseriously认真对待21,forexample例如followtheexampleof.以.为榜样giveanexample举例setanexampleto给.树立榜样suchas例如22,cometrue23,finish+n/v-ing24,crowd v.拥挤eg:The
37、ycrowdintotheroom. n.人群eg:Therewasabigcrowdatthefootballmatch.AcrowdofstudentsarewaitingforthebusCrowdedadj.拥挤的.Unit5Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?1,不定式做宾语:want/hope/expect/plantodo2,Learn.from从.学习learnsthbyheart熟记learnsthbyoneself自学3,Plantodosth/planonsth计划、打算做某事Planforsth考虑到某事makeaplanfor.为.制定计划4,Hopetodo/hopethat希望(没有hopesbtodo的表达)Ihopeso/Ihopenot5,Happentosb/sth某人/物发生不幸的事eg:Whathappenedtohim?Happentodo/ithappensthat碰巧Happen偶然发生takeplace事先安排的、人为的发生6,Expect