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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date高中英语语法：被动语态-讲解与练习高中语法：被动语态高中语法：被动语态. 含义与构成1. 被动语态表示句中的主语接受谓语动作，也就是说，主语是谓语动作的承受者。谓语动词用作被动语态的句子叫做被动句。2. 构成：be + 过去分词（be有时可用become 或get代替）Be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。3. 被动语态的各种时态形式有： 一般时态：be +
2、 过去分词现在过去将来过去将来is/ am/ are donewas/ were donewill/ shall be donewould/ should be done English is spoken in many countries. Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare. Many believe that one day the earth will be destroyed if people do not learn to live in peace. 进行时态：be + being + 过去分词现在过去将来过去将来is/ a
3、m/ are being donewas/ were being donewill/ shall be being donewould/ should be being done His plan is being carried out successfully. The new curtains were being hung when the visitors showed up. The car will be being cleaned by my brother. 完成时态：have + been + 过去分词现在过去将来过去将来have/ has been donehad bee
4、n donewill/ shall have been donewould/ should have been doneIve been robbed. The outcome of the election was announced before all of the votes had been counted. Everything will have been done by the end of this month. 【练一练】1. (2010 湖南) This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year. A. wa
5、s named B. named C. is named D. names2. (2010 全国1) The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made3. (2010 上海) The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. h
6、as been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored 4. (2010 北京) In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _.A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 5. (2010 陕西) It is reported that many a new house _ at present in the disaster area.A
7、. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built 6. (2010 福建) Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money making jobs they _ before they leaving their hometowns.A. promised B. were promisedC. have promised D. have been promised 7. (2010 天津) Traditional fo
8、lk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibiting D. is being exhibiting8. (2010 四川) Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.A. will expect B. will be expected C. ex
9、pected D. were expected. 用法1. 要用到被动语态的情况1） 强调动作的承受者：Frank was hit by a car. A new idea has been suggested. 2） 说话者不知道动作的执行者，或者认为没有必要指出： This bridge was built in 1700. The house is being repaired. 3） 说话者希望所说的内容显得更加客观，避免就一些自己不太肯定的事表态：此类通常为表示据说或相信 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , repor
10、t, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成，如： It is said that据说；It is reported that 据报道；It is believed that大家相信；It is hoped that大家希望； It is well known that 众所周知 It is said that Japans industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.4） 在文章标题、广告、新闻中 Waitress wanted. Millions of pounds worth of d
11、amage has been caused by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. 2. 感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. - I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）. We saw him play football on the playground. - He was seen to play
12、 football on the playground. 3. 情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +过去分词， Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。 4. 短语动词的被动语态：短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如： My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 5. 主动形式表被动意义1） 系动词look. Sound
13、, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, seem + adj. / n. 构成系表结构:The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical.2） 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut等：Work began at 7oclock this morning. The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 3） 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write
14、, act, iron, cut, drive, sell, wash, clean等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语：This coat dries/ washes/ irons easily.The book sells well.This novel reads well. . 4） blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等: I was to blame for the accident. Much work remains. 5） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve + V-ing
15、表示被动： The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired. This book is worth reading. 6） 介词in, on, under+ n. 构成介词短语表被动：Under control 受控制; under treatment 在治疗中; under repair 在修理中；under discussion 在讨论中；in print 在印刷中；on sale 出售；on show 展出The rumor is beyond belief. (=cant be believed)Today some
16、treasures are on show (= are being shown) in the museum.【练一练】翻译下列句子：9. 这道菜尝起来很香。10. 这门锁不上。11. 这刀子很好用。12. 你的头发该理了。13. 这个问题正在讨论之中。6. 不用被动语态的情况：1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose
17、 heart, take place等没有无被动语态。 After the fire, very little remained of my house. 【试比较】rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 （错） The price has been risen. （对） The price has risen. （错） The accident was happened last week. （对） The accident happened last week. （错） The price has raised. （对） The price h
18、as been raised. （错） Please seat. （对） Please be seated. 2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等：例：This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。 3） 系动词无
19、被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn：例：It sounds good. 听上去不错。 . Exercises1. I should be very much like to have gone to the party, but I _.A. am not invited B. am not being invitedC. shall not be invited D. was not invited 2. -How a
20、re things going?- The disabled _ no relatives in Guangzhou _ by the volunteers, who will graduate from Zhongshan University next year. A. with; are taking care of B. have; will be taken care of C. with; are being taken care of D. have; are being taken care of3. The attackers were arrested and didnt
21、know where they _.A. would take B. are taken C. were being taken D. will be taken4. People begin to know that most environmental problems exist because necessary measures for preventing them _ in the past.A. are not taken B. were not taken C. hadnt been taken D. wouldnt be taken 5. -My car _ twice t
22、his month.- Im sorry to hear that. A. has been broken in B. was broken in C. has been broken into D. was broken into 6. Our game of basketball _. We had been playing for about half an hour when it started to rain heavily.A. has interrupted B. had interrupted C. was interrupted D. had been interrupte
23、d7. The princess and the Frog is a fairy musical that _ the days when Walt Disney was a person, not a brand. A. was dated back to B. dates back to C. has been dating from D. had dated from 8. (2010 全国2) Linda, make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive. A. be set B. set C. are set D. are settin
24、g9. (2009 北京) The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated 10. (2009 上海) During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _ not to touch any unattended bag.A. had always been warned B. were always
25、being warnedC. are always warning D. always warned 11. (2009 福建) -Why does the lake smell terrible?-Because large quantities of water _.A. have polluted B. is being pollutedC. has been polluted D. have been polluted12. (2009 江苏) -Hi, Tory, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?-Sorry. _
26、.A. Its repaired B. It has been repairedC. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired 13. (2008 全国1) The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front _ to arrive. A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected14. (2008 安徽) I like these English songs and they _ many times on t
27、he radio.A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught 15. (2007 北京) I got caught in the rain and my suit _.A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined. Keys【练一练】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. D9. The dish tastes delicious. 10. The door wont lock.11. Your hair wants/ needs cutting.12. The knife cuts easily.13. The problem is under discussion. Exercises:1-5 DCCBC 6-10 CBCBB 11-15. DCADC-