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1、 The Differences of Tea-drinking Culture between China and Britain AbstractChina is the native place of tea, and it is the first country in the world to plant, drink and export tea.When tea was discovered by Chinese, it was initially used as herb.According to records, the Tang Dynasty prosperous exc
2、hanges at home and abroad, tea is often used as gifts to the monks of China, missionaries and foreign envoys to Chinese, which is spread to the world, and in seventeenth Century to the identity of the British Isles imported luxury landing.Although,in many countries,there have tea phenomenon,but comp
3、aring with other European countries, the tea culture of Britain is the most famous and typical, and it has formed its own special tea culture.The paper aims to illustrate the different of tea-drinking culture between Britain and China from the four points,the history of the tea drinking ,the manner
4、of tea drinking,the spirits of tea ceremony, and the impact of tea drinking.At last, according to the comparison, the writer suggests two points to develop our own tea culture, establishing the national day of tea drinking and creating our own international tea brand.Key words:Tea culture China and
5、Britain Difference 摘 要 中国是茶叶的故乡，它是世界上第一个种植，引用和出口茶叶的国家。在中国，茶叶一开始被当做药材来使用。据记载，据记载，唐朝时海内外交往繁盛，茶叶常作为礼品馈赠给来华僧侣、传教士以及出使外国的中国使节，因而被传播到世界各国，并于17世纪以奢侈舶来品的身份登陆英伦诸岛。虽然海外许多国家都有饮茶现象的存在，但是只要英国形成了自己独特的茶文化。 本文主要从四点来阐述中英茶文化的差别；饮茶历史的不同，饮茶方式的不同，茶道精神的不同，影响的不同。最后通过比较，作者提出了两点建议，即中国应该提出“国饮日”和打造茶文化国际品牌。关键词：茶文化 中国和英国 差异 Con
6、tentsI. Introduction.1II. Brief Review of Tea Drinking2 2.1 The history of tea drinking in China.2 2.2 The export of tea from China to Britain.3 2.3 The development of tea drinking in Britain4III. Comparison of Tea-drinking Culture between China and Britain5 3.1 The different manners of tea drinking
7、 5 3.1.1 The different spirits of tea ceremony.9 3.2 The different impacts of tea drinking. 103.3 The suggestions for tea drinking. 12 3.3.1 Establishing the national day of tea drinking .123.3.2 Creating our own international brand.13IV. Conclusion.14References 16Acknowledgements.17I. IntroductionA
8、t present, the cultural communication among countries has become more popular and frequent. We have to say it is the age that culture fiercely agitates each other; all countries have to face the challenge brought about by diversified and globalized society, the conflict and friction between the nati
9、onal traditional cultures and modernization, as well. People like to discuss which one is much better. To be honest, people should judge on their own culture objectively, and view culture of other countries fairly in perspective. People need absorbing others cultural merits to remedy and update defe
10、cts of their culture while retaining own culture feature. China, as is known to all, is the birthplace of tea and Britain is also considered as another country of drinking tea. Both of them are two big countries that have long history and strong cultural base. However, their respective cultures are
11、quite different. This paper will just show a tiny part of difference between Chinese and British cultures by comparing the tea cultures. Tea is a kind of shrub with so fragrant white flowers and evergreen leaves. The dried leaves of this plant which are plucked in different stages of growth and prep
12、ared by various processes can be used to make a hot beverage. According to historical records and some legend, tea has been known in China since about 2700B.C.personally, I am so proud that It is Chinese who earliest discover and use tea. As the homeland of tea, China has long history, extensive and
13、 profound tea culture .In China, tea is not merely one kind of drink but it a symbol of culture that refers to the Humanities and it is always considered as a mysterious but harmonious combination; Furthermore it is a carrier of tea culture by which spread out various kinds of culture. In fact tea c
14、ulture is organic integration of tea and culture, which include and reflect a certain period of material civilization and spiritual civilization in China. Also it is invigorating as well as pacifying. Its character is flexible in different environments. For example, a different tea culture would be
15、formed only if tea goes in a different direction. It also represents a state of peace - peace of mind. Or it is regarded as a symbol of not seeking fame and wealth of tranquility, of recovering to the simple and coming to the nature. At present, tea culture is a very typical and important carrier of
16、 leisure culture for Chinese. When it is introduced to Britain with popularity, tea combined with native culture has gradually formed a new unique tea culture. Although Britain is not a country to product tea just like China, the British are absolutely and most definitely true the second largest per
17、 capita tea consumers in the world, with each person consuming on average 2.1 kg per year. In particular, the ways to drink tea of them are so popular among people all around the world even include Chinese. There are similarities and difference between western and eastern tea culture because of its
18、own economic and traditional cultural background .This article will do make effort to explore a comparative study on tea culture between China and Britain. This paper discusses the differences between Chinese and British tea culture, to understand the difference between them,we hope to enhance the s
19、tatus of China tea culture in the world, set up the tea culture symbol has the characteristics of ChineseII. Brief Review of Tea Drinking With a long history, tea is drunk with a beverage. Each year more than 80 percent of all China tea is made into green tea. The ancient Chinese had lost the track
20、of teas true advent and were forced to imagine its beginning. With the development of history, myths and legends have been handed down from generation to generation. Although they are inadmissible as historical evidence, myths and legends do have historical importance because they provide the only a
21、ccount of teas origin. According to Chinese mythology, in 2737 B.C, the Chinese Emperor, Shen Nong, known as the father of agriculture and medicine, suddenly tasted boiling water which was added leaves of wild tea tree. When Shen Nong drank the infusion, he marveled at its delicious taste and felt v
22、igorous. There is another account about this legend, it was said that Shen Nong risked his life to taste hundred kinds of herbs for the subject. Unfortunately, he was poisoned by some of them. It was the young leaves of tea that rescued him from danger. Later, tea drinking had been invented, and the
23、 emperor drank it from that day forward, recommending this health herb to other people. Today, not only Chinese, but also foreigners love to drink tea. Drinking tea has become a part of their life, especially in China and Britain. The following part will be talked about tea-drinkings development in
24、these two countries. 2.1 The history of tea drinking in China It was recorded that tea was drunk in the western Han Dynasty, during the period of the Three Kingdom Period, drinking tea was very popular at least in the southern China, according to the history, the king Sun Hao of Wu state (the offspr
25、ing of Sun Quan) firstly created tea to take place of wine in banquet, at the same time, tea had an equal position to wine in the palace affairs. During the Wei Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasty, drinking tea already became a fashion for those people with high social sta
26、tus to enjoy life, and the literators use tea drinking to improve their thought for writing a good works. The Tang Dynasty was the mature period of Chinese tea culture, and drinking tea had become a common thing for ordinary people, and they were fastidious about not only the tea production place, t
27、he picking and making of tea but also the drinking appliance, and the way of drinking tea. The first book on TeaTea Classic, circa 780A.D, which was written by the Chinese author Lu Yu, came into being during this period, it comprises three volumes and covers tea from its growth to its drinking and
28、making, as well as historical summary and the famous early tea plantation. In the 805A.D, the Buddhist monk, Zui Cheng of Japan brought the tea and seeds to his country, this was the earliest record that tea transported to Japan and later the world famous tea ceremony got to be formed. Drinking tea
29、was also very popular in the Song Dynasty, and the technique for making tea greatly improved. By the Yuan Dynasty, drinking tea was very common in everyday life, and making tea was one of the seven chores for the pool housewives of that time. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people drank tea in almos
30、t the same way as do today, and loose tea took place of compressed tea(before this period, people usually drank compressed tea.) besides , Chinas tea was exported to Britain during this period, I will addressed in the following part.2.2 The export of tea from China to Britain At the beginning of the
31、 seventeenth century, tea was spread to West Europe and became the favorite drink of European people. It is not exactly certain time when tea was first coming to Britain, there are a lot of points on it, the writer agrees with the point that Chinas tea was appeared in Britain in 1657, and there Chin
32、as tea was come from Holland. In 1607A.D, the ship of Holland which came from Java transported tea from Macao to Europe, and this was the earliest record that Chinas tea was directly sold to Europe. Later, the Chinas tea was sold from Holland to Britain. Most of scholars consider that tea was appear
33、ed in Britain in the mid-seventeenth century, but they dont ascertain the exact year that Chinas tea comes to Britain. It can be only confirmed that tea was sold in Britain in1657, according to the book, A Social History of Tea written by Pettigrew Jane, she said that Chinas tea was transported to t
34、he landing of London by the Eastern India Company in the mid-seventeenth century, assuring the selling time of Chinas tea was in 1657, furthermore, the advertisement about tea was appeared in the next year. On the other hand, Chinese scholar Chen Yuan also expressed the same view in his book of The
35、History of Tea (茶叶通史), and he said that a coffee shop of Britain sold Chinas tea from Holland during the fourteen reign of emperor Shun Zhi of Qing Dynasty(1657). Later, in 1662, the princess of Portugal Catherine married CharlesII, and brought with her the preference for tea, which had already beco
36、me common in Europe. As tea was her drink of choice, it gained social acceptance among aristocracies as it replaced wine ale and spirits with tea as the court drink. In an attempt to please CharlesII, the Britain East India Company brought small gifts of tea from Europe for Catherine in 1664 and in
37、1666, other than these gifts, the Britain East India Company did not consider tea to be worth importing from China until in 1668. From that time, tea was selling in markets, and the East India Company treated it as a part of their regular trade. It was no longer only a special item brought back by a
38、 ships captain for special use.2.3 The development of tea drinking in BritainAbove all is that tea is just a fashion pursued by upper class. Until the end of eighteenth century, tea drinking was become prevailing in populace due to the great fall of priceTransformations of the custom policy in China
39、 and changed of the demand of tea drinking in Britain, both caused a great tea import of the East India Company, that made the tea price play down. Before that time, tea was very expensive for ordinary people, for example, in 1658, the fifth Earl of Beford county, Woburn Abbey paid all staff in mano
40、r a total of only 600 pounds, and these staff included temporary and full time maid, cook, butler, doorman, gardeners, lawyers etc, at that time, an annual income of an estate lawyer was only 20 pounds, and the salary of butler was 26 pounds, if a butler buys a pound of tea, he would have paid a who
41、le years salary, so it is impossible for populaces to have it.Besides, a great number of smuggling tea from other European countries before 1785 also made the tea price play down, and the performance of the Commutation Act after 1785 declined the tea price too, then, some private trade decreased the
42、 price. The other main reason is that British love tea very much, and another interesting evidence pointed out by an Italian who was travelling to Britain in1755 illustrates the last reason, he said that even if a common maid must drink tea twice each day, showing her status, and she must write the
43、condition to her bond. In addition, the characters in the famous British novel, Pride and Prejudice, written by Jane Austen often take a cup of tea and drink. As time is going, Britain has formed its own culture of tea drinking, and the following part will discuss the different tea-drinking culture
44、between China and Britain. III. Comparison of Tea-drinking Culture between China and Britain China is the homeland of tea. Of the three major beverages of the worldtea, coffee, and cocoa, tea is consumed by the large number of people in the world, especially in Britain. China had tea plants as early
45、 as five to six thousand year ago, and human drinking of tea dates back to two thousand year. British have and drink tea for three to four hundred year, that is far more behind us, however, it has already shaped its own special culture and habit of tea drinking. It is said that Britain averagely dri
46、nk eight cups of beverage everyday, and among them, tea possesses five cups. That is to say, about two thousand cups of tea will be drunk by British in a whole year. According to the report of newspaper of Times in London, one percent of British do not drink tea, twenty-three percent of British who
47、are called Heavy drinker drink above six cups of tea, thirty-eight percent of British named Middle drinker drink four to five cups of tea, and the rest of thirty-nine percent called Light drinker drink below three cups of tea. A typical English man, at least, has six times to drink tea everyday. Apart from three times of drinking tea at breakfast, lunch, and supper, first, when he wakes up in the morning and leans against the bed, he usually drinks a cup of teaearly morning tea. The second is